April 2021
- Coherent neutrino scattering and the Migdal effect on the quenching
factor
2104.01811 [abs] [pdf]
[abstract]
by Jiajun Liao, Hongkai Liu, and Danny Marfatia.
Recent measurements of the germanium quenching factor deviate significantly
from the predictions of the standard Lindhard model for nuclear recoil energies
below a keV. This departure may be explained by the Migdal effect in neutron
scattering on germanium. We show that the Migdal effect on the quenching factor
can mimic the signal of a light Z' or light scalar mediator in coherent elastic
neutrino nucleus scattering experiments with reactor antineutrinos. It is
imperative that the quenching factor of nuclei with low recoil energy
thresholds be precisely measured close to threshold to avoid such confusion.
This will also help in experimental searches of light dark matter.
- CP-Violating and Charged Current Neutrino Non-standard Interactions in
CE$ν$NS
2104.00425 [abs] [pdf]
[abstract]
by Amir N. Khan, Douglas W. McKay, and Werner Rodejohann.
Neutrino non-standard interactions (NSI) can be constrained using coherent
elastic neutrino-nucleus scattering. We discuss here two aspects in this
respect, namely the effects of (i) charged current NSI in neutrino production
and (ii) CP-violating phases associated with neutral current NSI in neutrino
detection. Effects of CP-phases require the simultaneous presence of two
different flavor-changing neutral current NSI parameters. Applying these two
scenarios to the COHERENT measurement, we derive limits on charged current NSI
and find that more data is required to compete with the existing limits.
Regarding CP-phases, we show how the limits on the NSI parameters depend
dramatically on the values of the phases. Accidentally, the same parameters
influencing coherent scattering also show up in neutrino oscillation
experiments. We find that COHERENT provides complementary constraints on the
set of NSI parameters that can explain the discrepancy in the best-fit value of
the standard CP-phase obtained by T2K and NO$\nu$A, while the significance with
which the LMA-Dark solution is ruled out can be weakened by the presence of
additional NSI parameters introduced here.
March 2021
- Sterile neutrinos with non-standard interactions in $β$- and
$0νββ$-decay experiments
2104.00140 [abs] [pdf]
[abstract]
by Wouter Dekens, Jordy de Vries, and Tom Tong.
Charged currents are probed in low-energy precision $\beta$-decay experiments
and at high-energy colliders, both of which aim to measure or constrain signals
of beyond-the-Standard-Model physics. In light of future $\beta$-decay and LHC
measurements that will further explore these non-standard interactions, we
investigate what neutrinoless double-$\beta$ decay ($0\nu\beta\beta$)
experiments can tell us if a nonzero signal were to be found. Using a recently
developed effective-field-theory framework, we consider the effects that
interactions with right-handed neutrinos have on $0\nu\beta\beta$ and discuss
the range of neutrino masses that current and future $0\nu\beta\beta$
measurements can probe, assuming neutrinos are Majorana particles. For
non-standard interactions at the level suggested by recently observed hints in
$\beta$ decays, we show that next-generation $0\nu\beta\beta$ experiments can
determine the Dirac or Majorana nature of neutrinos, for sterile neutrino
masses larger than $\mathcal O(10)$ eV.
- Boosted dark matter from diffuse supernova neutrinos
2104.00027 [abs] [pdf]
[abstract]
by Anirban Das and Manibrata Sen.
The XENON collaboration recently reported an excess of electron recoil events
in the low energy region with a significance of around $3.3\sigma$. An
explanation of this excess in terms of thermal dark matter seems challenging.
We propose a scenario where dark matter in the Milky Way halo gets boosted as a
result of scattering with the diffuse supernova neutrino background. This
interaction can accelerate the dark-matter to semi-relativistic velocities, and
this flux, in turn, can scatter with the electrons in the detector, thereby
providing a much better fit to the data. We identify regions in the parameter
space of dark-matter mass and interaction cross-section which satisfy the
excess. Furthermore, considering the data only hypothesis, we also impose
bounds on the dark-matter scattering cross-section, which are competitive with
bounds from other experiments.
- Future Searches for Light Sterile Neutrinos at Nuclear Reactors
2104.00005 [abs] [pdf]
[abstract]
by Jeffrey M. Berryman, Luis A. Delgadillo, and Patrick Huber.
We study the optimization of a green-field, two-baseline reactor experiment
with respect to the sensitivity for electron antineutrino disappearance in
search of a light sterile neutrino. We consider both commercial and research
reactors and identify as key factors the distance of closest approach and
detector energy resolution. We find that a total of 5 tons of detectors
deployed at a commercial reactor with a closest approach of 25 m can probe the
mixing angle $\sin^22\theta$ down to $\sim5\times10^{-3}$ around $\Delta
m^2\sim 1$ eV$^2$. The same detector mass deployed at a research reactor can be
sensitive up to $\Delta m^2\sim20-30$ eV$^2$ assuming a closest approach of 3 m
and excellent energy resolution, such as that projected for the Taishan
Antineutrino Observatory (TAO). We also find that lithium doping of the reactor
could be effective in increasing the sensitivity for higher $\Delta m^2$
values.
- Neutrino signals of lightcone fluctuations resulting from fluctuating
space-time
2103.15313 [abs] [pdf]
[abstract]
by Thomas Stuttard.
One of the most common expectations of a quantum theory of gravity is that
space-time is uncertain or fluctuating at microscopic scales, making it a
stochastic medium for particle propagation. Particles traversing this
space-time may experience fluctuations in travel times or velocities, together
referred to as lightcone fluctuations, with even very small effects potentially
accumulating into observable signals over large distances. In this work we
present a heuristic model of lightcone fluctuations and study the resulting
modifications to neutrino propagation, including neutrino decoherence and
arrival time spread. We show the expected scale of such effects due to
`natural' Planck scale physics and consider how they may be observed in
neutrino detectors, and compare the potential of neutrinos to $\gamma$-ray
astronomy. Using simulations of neutrino mass states propagating in a
fluctuating environment, we determine an analytic decoherence operator in the
framework of open quantum systems to quantitatively evaluate neutrino
decoherence resulting from lightcone fluctuations, allowing experimental
constraints on neutrino decoherence to be connected to Planck scale
fluctuations in space-time and $\gamma$-ray results.
- Evolution of Neutrino Mass-Mixing Parameters in Matter with Non-Standard
Interactions
2103.13431 [abs] [pdf]
[abstract]
by Sanjib Kumar Agarwalla, [and 3 more]Sudipta Das, Mehedi Masud, and Pragyanprasu Swain [hide authors].
We explore the role of matter effect in the evolution of neutrino oscillation
parameters in the presence of lepton-flavor-conserving and
lepton-flavor-violating neutral-current non-standard interactions (NSI) of the
neutrino. We derive simple approximate analytical expressions showing the
evolution/running of mass-mixing parameters in matter with energy in the
presence of standard interactions (SI) and SI+NSI (considering both positive
and negative values of real NSI parameters). We observe that only the NSI
parameters in the (2,3) block, namely $\varepsilon_{\mu\tau}$ and $(\gamma -
\beta) \equiv (\varepsilon_{\tau\tau} - \varepsilon_{\mu\mu})$ affect the
running of $\theta_{23}$. Though all the NSI parameters influence the evolution
of $\theta_{13}$, $\varepsilon_{e\mu}$ and $\varepsilon_{e\tau}$ show a
stronger impact at the energies relevant for DUNE. $\theta_{12}$ quickly
approaches to $\sim$ $90^{\circ}$ with increasing energy in both SI and SI+NSI
cases. The change in $\Delta m^2_{21,m}$ is quite significant as compared to
$\Delta m^2_{31,m}$ both in SI and SI+NSI frameworks. Flipping the signs of the
NSI parameters alters the way in which mass-mixing parameters run with energy.
We demonstrate the utility of our approach in addressing several important
features related to neutrino oscillation such as: a) unraveling interesting
degeneracies between $\theta_{23}$ and NSI parameters, b) estimating the
resonance energy in presence of NSI when $\theta_{13}$ in matter becomes
maximal, c) figuring out the required baselines and energies to have maximal
matter effect in $\nu_{\mu}$ $\rightarrow$ $\nu_{e}$ transition in the presence
of different NSI parameters, and d) studying the impact of NSI parameters
$\varepsilon_{\mu\tau}$ and $(\gamma - \beta)$ on the $\nu_{\mu} \to \nu_{\mu}$
survival probability.
- Non-standard neutrino oscillations: perspective from unitarity triangles
2103.11143 [abs] [pdf]
[abstract]
by Mehedi Masud, [and 3 more]Poonam Mehta, Christoph A. Ternes, and Mariam Tortola [hide authors].
We formulate an alternative approach based on unitarity triangles to describe
neutrino oscillations in presence of non-standard interactions (NSI). Using
perturbation theory, we derive the expression for the oscillation probability
in case of NSI and cast it in terms of the three independent parameters of the
leptonic unitarity triangle (LUT). The form invariance of the probability
expression (even in presence of new physics scenario as long as the mixing
matrix is unitary) facilitates a neat geometric view of neutrino oscillations
in terms of LUT. We examine the regime of validity of perturbative expansions
in the NSI case and make comparisons with approximate expressions existing in
literature. We uncover some interesting dependencies on NSI terms while
studying the evolution of LUT parameters and the Jarlskog invariant.
Interestingly, the geometric approach based on LUT allows us to express the
oscillation probabilities for a given pair of neutrino flavours in terms of
only three (and not four) degrees of freedom which are related to the geometric
properties (sides and angles) of the triangle. Moreover, the LUT parameters are
invariant under rephasing transformations and independent of the
parameterization adopted.
- Coherent elastic neutrino-nucleus scattering with the $ν$BDX-DRIFT
directional detector at next generation neutrino facilities
2103.10857 [abs] [pdf]
[abstract]
by D. Aristizabal Sierra, [and 4 more]Bhaskar Dutta, Doojin Kim, Daniel Snowden-Ifft, and Louis E. Strigari [hide authors].
We discuss various aspects of a neutrino physics program that can be carried
out with the neutrino Beam-Dump eXperiment DRIFT ($\nu$BDX-DRIFT) detector
using neutrino beams produced in next generation neutrino facilities.
$\nu$BDX-DRIFT is a directional low-pressure TPC detector suitable for
measurements of coherent elastic neutrino-nucleus scattering (CE$\nu$NS) using
a variety of gaseous target materials which include carbon disulfide, carbon
tetrafluoride and tetraethyllead, among others. The neutrino physics program
includes standard model (SM) measurements and beyond the standard model (BSM)
physics searches. Focusing on the Long Baseline Neutrino Facility (LBNF)
beamline at Fermilab, we first discuss basic features of the detector and
estimate backgrounds, including beam-induced neutron backgrounds. We then
quantify the CE$\nu$NS signal in the different target materials and study the
sensitivity of $\nu$BDX-DRIFT to measurements of the weak mixing angle and
neutron density distributions. We consider as well prospects for new physics
searches, in particular sensitivities to effective neutrino non-standard
interactions.
- Coherence of oscillations in matter and supernova neutrinos
2103.10149 [abs] [pdf]
[abstract]
by Yago P. Porto-Silva and Alexei Yu. Smirnov.
We study the propagation coherence for neutrino oscillations in media with
different density profiles. For each profile, we find the dependence of the
coherence length, $L_{coh}$, on neutrino energy and address the issue of
correspondence of results in the distance and energy-momentum representations.
The key new feature in matter is existence of energy ranges with enhanced
coherence around the energies $E_0$ of "infinite coherence" at which $L_{coh}
\rightarrow \infty$. In the configuration space, the infinite coherence
corresponds to equality of the (effective) group velocities of the eigenstates.
In constant density medium, there is a unique $E_0$, which coincides with the
MSW resonance energy of oscillations of mass states and is close to the MSW
resonance energy of flavor states. In the case of massless neutrinos or
negligible masses in a very dense medium the coherence persists continuously.
In the adiabatic case, the infinite coherence is realized for periodic density
change. Adiabaticity violation changes the shape factors of the wave packets
(WPs) and leads to their spread. In a medium with sharp density changes
(jumps), splitting of the eigenstates occurs at crossing of each jump. We study
the increase of the coherence length in a single jump and periodic density
jumps - castle-wall (CW) profiles. For the CW profile, there are several $E_0$
corresponding to parametric resonances. We outlined applications of the results
for supernova neutrinos. In particular, we show that coherence between two
shock wave fronts leads to observable oscillation effects, and our analysis
suggests that the decoherence can be irrelevant for flavor transformations in
the central parts of collapsing stars.
- Determining the Neutrino Mass Ordering and Oscillation Parameters with
KM3NeT/ORCA
2103.09885 [abs] [pdf]
[abstract]
by S. Aiello, [and 241 more]A. Albert, S. Alves Garre, Z. Aly, A. Ambrosone, F. Ameli, M. Andre, G. Androulakis, M. Anghinolfi, M. Anguita, G. Anton, M. Ardid, S. Ardid, J. Aublin, C. Bagatelas, B. Baret, S. Basegmez du Pree, M. Bendahman, F. Benfenati, E. Berbee, A. M. van den Berg, V. Bertin, S. Biagi, M. Bissinger, M. Boettcher, M. Bou Cabo, J. Boumaaza, M. Bouta, M. Bouwhuis, C. Bozza, H. Brânzaş, R. Bruijn, J. Brunner, R. Bruno, E. Buis, R. Buompane, J. Busto, B. Caiffi, D. Calvo, A. Capone, V. Carretero, P. Castaldi, S. Celli, M. Chabab, N. Chau, A. Chen, S. Cherubini, V. Chiarella, T. Chiarusi, M. Circella, R. Cocimano, J. A. B. Coelho, A. Coleiro, M. Colomer Molla, R. Coniglione, P. Coyle, A. Creusot, A. Cruz, G. Cuttone, R. Dallier, B. De Martino, M. De Palma, M. Di Marino, I. Di Palma, A. F. Díaz, D. Diego-Tortosa, C. Distefano, A. Domi, C. Donzaud, D. Dornic, M. Dörr, D. Drouhin, T. Eberl, A. Eddyamoui, T. van Eeden, D. van Eijk, I. El Bojaddaini, D. Elsaesser, A. Enzenhöfer, V. Espinosa, P. Fermani, G. Ferrara, M. D. Filipovic, F. Filippini, L. A. Fusco, T. Gal, A. Garcia Soto, F. Garufi, Y. Gatelet, N. Geisselbrecht, L. Gialanella, E. Giorgio, S. R. Gozzini, R. Gracia, K. Graf, D. Grasso, G. Grella, D. Guderian, C. Guidi, J. Haefner, S. Hallmann, H. Hamdaoui, H. van Haren, A. Heijboer, A. Hekalo, L. Hennig, J. J. Hernández-Rey, J. Hofestädt, F. Huang, W. Idrissi Ibnsalih, G. Illuminati, C. W. James, M. de Jong, P. de Jong, B. J. Jung, M. Kadler, P. Kalaczyński, O. Kalekin, U. F. Katz, N. R. Khan Chowdhury, G. Kistauri, F. van der Knaap, P. Kooijman, A. Kouchner, M. Kreter, V. Kulikovskiy, R. Lahmann, M. Lamoureux, G. Larosa, C. Lastoria, R. Le Breton, S. Le Stum, O. Leonardi, F. Leone, E. Leonora, N. Lessing, G. Levi, M. Lincetto, M. Lindsey Clark, T. Lipreau, F. Longhitano, D. Lopez-Coto, L. Maderer, J. Mańczak, K. Mannheim, A. Margiotta, A. Marinelli, C. Markou, L. Martin, J. A. Martínez-Mora, A. Martini, F. Marzaioli, S. Mastroianni, K. W. Melis, G. Miele, P. Migliozzi, E. Migneco, P. Mijakowski, L. S. Miranda, C. M. Mollo, M. Morganti, M. Moser, A. Moussa, R. Muller, M. Musumeci, L. Nauta, S. Navas, C. A. Nicolau, B. Ó Fearraigh, M. O'Sullivan, M. Organokov, A. Orlando, J. Palacios González, G. Papalashvili, R. Papaleo, C. Pastore, A. M. Păun, G. E. Păvălaş, C. Pellegrino, M. Perrin-Terrin, V. Pestel, P. Piattelli, C. Pieterse, K. Pikounis, O. Pisanti, C. Poirè, V. Popa, T. Pradier, G. Pühlhofer, S. Pulvirenti, O. Rabyang, F. Raffaelli, N. Randazzo, S. Razzaque, D. Real, S. Reck, G. Riccobene, A. Romanov, A. Rovelli, F. Salesa Greus, D. F. E. Samtleben, A. Sánchez Losa, M. Sanguineti, A. Santangelo, D. Santonocito, P. Sapienza, J. Schnabel, M. F. Schneider, J. Schumann, H. M. Schutte, J. Seneca, I. Sgura, R. Shanidze, A. Sharma, A. Sinopoulou, B. Spisso, M. Spurio, D. Stavropoulos, S. M. Stellacci, M. Taiuti, Y. Tayalati, E. Tenllado, H. Thiersen, S. Tingay, V. Tsourapis, E. Tzamariudaki, D. Tzanetatos, V. Van Elewyck, G. Vasileiadis, F. Versari, D. Vivolo, G. de Wasseige, J. Wilms, R. Wojaczyński, E. de Wolf, T. Yousfi, S. Zavatarelli, A. Zegarelli, D. Zito, J. D. Zornoza, J. Zúñiga, and N. Zywucka [hide authors].
The KM3NeT/ORCA sensitivity to atmospheric neutrino oscillation is presented.
The event reconstruction, selection and classification are described. The
sensitivity to determine the neutrino mass ordering was evaluated and found to
be 4.4 $\sigma$ if the true ordering is normal and 2.3 $\sigma$ if inverted,
after three years of data taking. The precision to measure $\Delta m^2_{32}$
and $\theta_{23}$ were also estimated and found to be $85\cdot10^{-6}$ eV$^2$
and $(^{+1.9}_{-3.1})^{\circ}$ for normal neutrino mass ordering and,
$75\cdot10^{-6}$ eV$^2$ and $(^{+2.0}_{-7.0})^{\circ}$ for inverted ordering.
Finally, a unitarity test of the leptonic mixing matrix by measuring the rate
of tau neutrinos is described. Three years of data taking were found to be
sufficient to exclude $\nu_{\tau}$ and $\bar{\nu}_{\tau}$ event rate variations
larger than 20% at 3$\sigma$ level.
- Sailing the CE$ν$NS Seas of Non-Standard Neutrino Interactions with
the Coherent CAPTAIN Mills Experiment
2103.08401 [abs] [pdf]
[abstract]
by Ian M. Shoemaker and Eli Welch.
We study future coherent elastic neutrino-nucleus scattering (CE$\nu$NS)
modifications from a variety of possible models at the Coherent CAPTAIN Mills
(CCM) experiment at Los Alamos. We show that large regions of Non-Standard
Neutrino Interaction (NSI) parameter space will be excluded rapidly, and that
stringent new bounds on the gauge coupling in $Z'$ models will also be placed.
As a result, CCM will be able to rule out LMA-D solutions for a large class of
models with MeV-scale mediators.
- Experiment Simulation Configurations Approximating DUNE TDR
2103.04797 [abs] [pdf]
[abstract]
by DUNE Collaboration, [and 973 more]B. Abi, R. Acciarri, M. A. Acero, G. Adamov, D. Adams, M. Adinolfi, Z. Ahmad, J. Ahmed, T. Alion, S. Alonso Monsalve, C. Alt, J. Anderson, C. Andreopoulos, M. P. Andrews, F. Andrianala, S. Andringa, A. Ankowski, M. Antonova, S. Antusch, A. Aranda-Fernandez, A. Ariga, L. O. Arnold, M. A. Arroyave, J. Asaadi, A. Aurisano, V. Aushev, D. Autiero, F. Azfar, H. Back, J. J. Back, C. Backhouse, P. Baesso, L. Bagby, R. Bajou, S. Balasubramanian, P. Baldi, B. Bambah, F. Barao, G. Barenboim, G. J. Barker, W. Barkhouse, C. Barnes, G. Barr, J. Barranco Monarca, N. Barros, J. L. Barrow, A. Bashyal, V. Basque, F. Bay, J. L. Bazo Alba, J. F. Beacom, E. Bechetoille, B. Behera, L. Bellantoni, G. Bellettini, V. Bellini, O. Beltramello, D. Belver, N. Benekos, F. Bento Neves, J. Berger, S. Berkman, P. Bernardini, R. M. Berner, H. Berns, S. Bertolucci, M. Betancourt, Y. Bezawada, M. Bhattacharjee, B. Bhuyan, S. Biagi, J. Bian, M. Biassoni, K. Biery, B. Bilki, M. Bishai, A. Bitadze, A. Blake, B. Blanco Siffert, F. D. M. Blaszczyk, G. C. Blazey, E. Blucher, J. Boissevain, S. Bolognesi, T. Bolton, M. Bonesini, M. Bongrand, F. Bonini, A. Booth, C. Booth, S. Bordoni, A. Borkum, T. Boschi, N. Bostan, P. Bour, S. B. Boyd, D. Boyden, J. Bracinik, D. Braga, D. Brailsford, A. Brandt, J. Bremer, C. Brew, E. Brianne, S. J. Brice, C. Brizzolari, C. Bromberg, G. Brooijmans, J. Brooke, A. Bross, G. Brunetti, N. Buchanan, H. Budd, D. Caiulo, P. Calafiura, J. Calcutt, M. Calin, S. Calvez, E. Calvo, L. Camilleri, A. Caminata, M. Campanelli, D. Caratelli, G. Carini, B. Carlus, P. Carniti, I. Caro Terrazas, H. Carranza, A. Castillo, C. Castromonte, C. Cattadori, F. Cavalier, F. Cavanna, S. Centro, G. Cerati, A. Cervelli, A. Cervera Villanueva, M. Chalifour, C. Chang, E. Chardonnet, A. Chatterjee, S. Chattopadhyay, J. Chaves, H. Chen, M. Chen, Y. Chen, D. Cherdack, C. Chi, S. Childress, A. Chiriacescu, K. Cho, S. Choubey, A. Christensen, D. Christian, G. Christodoulou, E. Church, P. Clarke, T. E. Coan, A. G. Cocco, J. A. B. Coelho, E. Conley, J. M. Conrad, M. Convery, L. Corwin, P. Cotte, L. Cremaldi, L. Cremonesi, J. I. Crespo-Anadón, E. Cristaldo, R. Cross, C. Cuesta, Y. Cui, D. Cussans, M. Dabrowski, H. da Motta, L. Da Silva Peres, C. David, Q. David, G. S. Davies, S. Davini, J. Dawson, K. De, R. M. De Almeida, P. Debbins, I. De Bonis, M. P. Decowski, A. de Gouvêa, P. C. De Holanda, I. L. De Icaza Astiz, A. Deisting, P. De Jong, A. Delbart, D. Delepine, M. Delgado, A. Dell'Acqua, P. De Lurgio, J. R. T. de Mello Neto, D. M. DeMuth, S. Dennis, C. Densham, G. Deptuch, A. De Roeck, V. De Romeri, J. J. De Vries, R. Dharmapalan, M. Dias, F. Diaz, J. S. Díaz, S. Di Domizio, L. Di Giulio, P. Ding, L. Di Noto, C. Distefano, R. Diurba, M. Diwan, Z. Djurcic, N. Dokania, M. J. Dolinski, L. Domine, D. Douglas, F. Drielsma, D. Duchesneau, K. Duffy, P. Dunne, T. Durkin, H. Duyang, O. Dvornikov, D. A. Dwyer, A. S. Dyshkant, M. Eads, D. Edmunds, J. Eisch, S. Emery, A. Ereditato, C. O. Escobar, L. Escudero Sanchez, J. J. Evans, E. Ewart, A. C. Ezeribe, K. Fahey, A. Falcone, C. Farnese, Y. Farzan, J. Felix, E. Fernandez-Martinez, P. Fernandez Menendez, F. Ferraro, L. Fields, A. Filkins, F. Filthaut, R. S. Fitzpatrick, W. Flanagan, B. Fleming, R. Flight, J. Fowler, W. Fox, J. Franc, K. Francis, D. Franco, J. Freeman, J. Freestone, J. Fried, A. Friedland, S. Fuess, I. Furic, A. P. Furmanski, A. Gago, H. Gallagher, A. Gallego-Ros, N. Gallice, V. Galymov, E. Gamberini, T. Gamble, R. Gandhi, R. Gandrajula, S. Gao, D. Garcia-Gamez, M. Á. García-Peris, S. Gardiner, D. Gastler, G. Ge, B. Gelli, A. Gendotti, S. Gent, Z. Ghorbani-Moghaddam, D. Gibin, I. Gil-Botella, C. Girerd, A. K. Giri, D. Gnani, O. Gogota, M. Gold, S. Gollapinni, K. Gollwitzer, R. A. Gomes, L. V. Gomez Bermeo, L. S. Gomez Fajardo, F. Gonnella, J. A. Gonzalez-Cuevas, M. C. Goodman, O. Goodwin, S. Goswami, C. Gotti, E. Goudzovski, C. Grace, M. Graham, E. Gramellini, R. Gran, E. Granados, A. Grant, C. Grant, D. Gratieri, P. Green, S. Green, L. Greenler, M. Greenwood, J. Greer, W. C. Griffith, M. Groh, J. Grudzinski, K. Grzelak, W. Gu, V. Guarino, R. Guenette, A. Guglielmi, B. Guo, K. K. Guthikonda, R. Gutierrez, P. Guzowski, M. M. Guzzo, S. Gwon, A. Habig, A. Hackenburg, H. Hadavand, R. Haenni, A. Hahn, J. Haigh, J. Haiston, T. Hamernik, P. Hamilton, J. Han, K. Harder, D. A. Harris, J. Hartnell, T. Hasegawa, R. Hatcher, E. Hazen, A. Heavey, K. M. Heeger, J. Heise, K. Hennessy, S. Henry, M. A. Hernandez Morquecho, K. Herner, L. Hertel, A. S. Hesam, J. Hewes, A. Higuera, T. Hill, S. J. Hillier, A. Himmel, J. Hoff, C. Hohl, A. Holin, E. Hoppe, G. A. Horton-Smith, M. Hostert, A. Hourlier, B. Howard, R. Howell, J. Huang, J. Huang, J. Hugon, G. Iles, N. Ilic, A. M. Iliescu, R. Illingworth, A. Ioannisian, R. Itay, A. Izmaylov, E. James, B. Jargowsky, F. Jediny, C. Jesùs-Valls, X. Ji, L. Jiang, S. Jiménez, A. Jipa, A. Joglekar, C. Johnson, R. Johnson, B. Jones, S. Jones, C. K. Jung, T. Junk, Y. Jwa, M. Kabirnezhad, A. Kaboth, I. Kadenko, F. Kamiya, G. Karagiorgi, A. Karcher, M. Karolak, Y. Karyotakis, S. Kasai, S. P. Kasetti, L. Kashur, N. Kazaryan, E. Kearns, P. Keener, K. J. Kelly, E. Kemp, W. Ketchum, S. H. Kettell, M. Khabibullin, A. Khotjantsev, A. Khvedelidze, D. Kim, B. King, B. Kirby, M. Kirby, J. Klein, K. Koehler, L. W. Koerner, S. Kohn, P. P. Koller, M. Kordosky, T. Kosc, U. Kose, V. A. Kostelecký, K. Kothekar, F. Krennrich, I. Kreslo, Y. Kudenko, V. A. Kudryavtsev, S. Kulagin, J. Kumar, R. Kumar, C. Kuruppu, V. Kus, T. Kutter, A. Lambert, K. Lande, C. E. Lane, K. Lang, T. Langford, P. Lasorak, D. Last, C. Lastoria, A. Laundrie, A. Lawrence, I. Lazanu, R. LaZur, T. Le, J. Learned, P. LeBrun, G. Lehmann Miotto, R. Lehnert, M. A. Leigui de Oliveira, M. Leitner, M. Leyton, L. Li, S. Li, S. W. Li, T. Li, Y. Li, H. Liao, C. S. Lin, S. Lin, A. Lister, B. R. Littlejohn, J. Liu, S. Lockwitz, T. Loew, M. Lokajicek, I. Lomidze, K. Long, K. Loo, D. Lorca, T. Lord, J. M. LoSecco, W. C. Louis, K. B. Luk, X. Luo, N. Lurkin, T. Lux, V. P. Luzio, D. MacFarland, A. A. Machado, P. Machado, C. T. Macias, J. R. Macier, A. Maddalena, P. Madigan, S. Magill, K. Mahn, A. Maio, J. A. Maloney, G. Mandrioli, J. Maneira, L. Manenti, S. Manly, A. Mann, K. Manolopoulos, M. Manrique Plata, A. Marchionni, W. Marciano, D. Marfatia, C. Mariani, J. Maricic, F. Marinho, A. D. Marino, M. Marshak, C. Marshall, J. Marshall, J. Marteau, J. Martin-Albo, N. Martinez, D. A. Martinez Caicedo, S. Martynenko, K. Mason, A. Mastbaum, M. Masud, S. Matsuno, J. Matthews, C. Mauger, N. Mauri, K. Mavrokoridis, R. Mazza, A. Mazzacane, E. Mazzucato, E. McCluskey, N. McConkey, K. S. McFarland, C. McGrew, A. McNab, A. Mefodiev, P. Mehta, P. Melas, M. Mellinato, O. Mena, S. Menary, H. Mendez, A. Menegolli, G. Meng, M. D. Messier, W. Metcalf, M. Mewes, H. Meyer, T. Miao, G. Michna, T. Miedema, J. Migenda, R. Milincic, W. Miller, J. Mills, C. Milne, O. Mineev, O. G. Miranda, S. Miryala, C. S. Mishra, S. R. Mishra, A. Mislivec, D. Mladenov, I. Mocioiu, K. Moffat, N. Moggi, R. Mohanta, T. A. Mohayai, N. Mokhov, J. Molina, L. Molina Bueno, A. Montanari, C. Montanari, D. Montanari, L. M. Montano Zetina, J. Moon, M. Mooney, A. Moor, D. Moreno, B. Morgan, C. Morris, C. Mossey, E. Motuk, C. A. Moura, J. Mousseau, W. Mu, L. Mualem, J. Mueller, M. Muether, S. Mufson, F. Muheim, A. Muir, M. Mulhearn, H. Muramatsu, S. Murphy, J. Musser, J. Nachtman, S. Nagu, M. Nalbandyan, R. Nandakumar, D. Naples, S. Narita, D. Navas-Nicolás, N. Nayak, M. Nebot-Guinot, L. Necib, K. Negishi, J. K. Nelson, J. Nesbit, M. Nessi, D. Newbold, M. Newcomer, D. Newhart, R. Nichol, E. Niner, K. Nishimura, A. Norman, A. Norrick, R. Northrop, P. Novella, J. A. Nowak, M. Oberling, A. Olivares Del Campo, A. Olivier, Y. Onel, Y. Onishchuk, J. Ott, L. Pagani, S. Pakvasa, O. Palamara, S. Palestini, J. M. Paley, M. Pallavicini, C. Palomares, E. Pantic, V. Paolone, V. Papadimitriou, R. Papaleo, A. Papanestis, S. Paramesvaran, S. Parke, Z. Parsa, M. Parvu, S. Pascoli, L. Pasqualini, J. Pasternak, J. Pater, C. Patrick, L. Patrizii, R. B. Patterson, S. J. Patton, T. Patzak, A. Paudel, B. Paulos, L. Paulucci, Z. Pavlovic, G. Pawloski, D. Payne, V. Pec, S. J. M. Peeters, Y. Penichot, E. Pennacchio, A. Penzo, O. L. G. Peres, J. Perry, D. Pershey, G. Pessina, G. Petrillo, C. Petta, R. Petti, F. Piastra, L. Pickering, F. Pietropaolo, J. Pillow, J. Pinzino, R. Plunkett, R. Poling, X. Pons, N. Poonthottathil, S. Pordes, M. Potekhin, R. Potenza, B. V. K. S. Potukuchi, J. Pozimski, M. Pozzato, S. Prakash, T. Prakash, S. Prince, G. Prior, D. Pugnere, K. Qi, X. Qian, J. L. Raaf, R. Raboanary, V. Radeka, J. Rademacker, B. Radics, A. Rafique, E. Raguzin, M. Rai, M. Rajaoalisoa, I. Rakhno, H. T. Rakotondramanana, L. Rakotondravohitra, Y. A. Ramachers, R. Rameika, M. A. Ramirez Delgado, B. Ramson, A. Rappoldi, G. Raselli, P. Ratoff, S. Ravat, H. Razafinime, J. S. Real, B. Rebel, D. Redondo, M. Reggiani-Guzzo, T. Rehak, J. Reichenbacher, S. D. Reitzner, A. Renshaw, S. Rescia, F. Resnati, A. Reynolds, G. Riccobene, L. C. J. Rice, K. Rielage, Y. Rigaut, D. Rivera, L. Rochester, M. Roda, P. Rodrigues, M. J. Rodriguez Alonso, J. Rodriguez Rondon, A. J. Roeth, H. Rogers, S. Rosauro-Alcaraz, M. Rossella, J. Rout, S. Roy, A. Rubbia, C. Rubbia, B. Russell, J. Russell, D. Ruterbories, R. Saakyan, S. Sacerdoti, T. Safford, N. Sahu, P. Sala, N. Samios, M. C. Sanchez, D. A. Sanders, D. Sankey, S. Santana, M. Santos-Maldonado, N. Saoulidou, P. Sapienza, C. Sarasty, I. Sarcevic, G. Savage, V. Savinov, A. Scaramelli, A. Scarff, A. Scarpelli, T. Schaffer, H. Schellman, P. Schlabach, D. Schmitz, K. Scholberg, A. Schukraft, E. Segreto, J. Sensenig, I. Seong, A. Sergi, F. Sergiampietri, D. Sgalaberna, M. H. Shaevitz, S. Shafaq, M. Shamma, H. R. Sharma, R. Sharma, T. Shaw, C. Shepherd-Themistocleous, S. Shin, D. Shooltz, R. Shrock, L. Simard, N. Simos, J. Sinclair, G. Sinev, J. Singh, J. Singh, V. Singh, R. Sipos, F. W. Sippach, G. Sirri, A. Sitraka, K. Siyeon, D. Smargianaki, A. Smith, A. Smith, E. Smith, P. Smith, J. Smolik, M. Smy, P. Snopok, M. Soares Nunes, H. Sobel, M. Soderberg, C. J. Solano Salinas, S. Söldner-Rembold, N. Solomey, V. Solovov, W. E. Sondheim, M. Sorel, J. Soto-Oton, A. Sousa, K. Soustruznik, F. Spagliardi, M. Spanu, J. Spitz, N. J. C. Spooner, K. Spurgeon, R. Staley, M. Stancari, L. Stanco, H. M. Steiner, J. Stewart, B. Stillwell, J. Stock, F. Stocker, T. Stokes, M. Strait, T. Strauss, S. Striganov, A. Stuart, D. Summers, A. Surdo, V. Susic, L. Suter, C. M. Sutera, R. Svoboda, B. Szczerbinska, A. M. Szelc, R. Talaga, H. A. Tanaka, B. Tapia Oregui, A. Tapper, S. Tariq, E. Tatar, R. Tayloe, A. M. Teklu, M. Tenti, K. Terao, C. A. Ternes, F. Terranova, G. Testera, A. Thea, J. L. Thompson, C. Thorn, S. C. Timm, A. Tonazzo, M. Torti, M. Tortola, F. Tortorici, D. Totani, M. Toups, C. Touramanis, J. Trevor, W. H. Trzaska, Y. T. Tsai, Z. Tsamalaidze, K. V. Tsang, N. Tsverava, S. Tufanli, C. Tull, E. Tyley, M. Tzanov, M. A. Uchida, J. Urheim, T. Usher, M. R. Vagins, P. Vahle, G. A. Valdiviesso, E. Valencia, Z. Vallari, J. W. F. Valle, S. Vallecorsa, R. Van Berg, R. G. Van de Water, D. Vanegas Forero, F. Varanini, D. Vargas, G. Varner, J. Vasel, G. Vasseur, K. Vaziri, S. Ventura, A. Verdugo, S. Vergani, M. A. Vermeulen, M. Verzocchi, H. Vieira de Souza, C. Vignoli, C. Vilela, B. Viren, T. Vrba, T. Wachala, A. V. Waldron, M. Wallbank, H. Wang, J. Wang, Y. Wang, Y. Wang, K. Warburton, D. Warner, M. Wascko, D. Waters, A. Watson, P. Weatherly, A. Weber, M. Weber, H. Wei, A. Weinstein, D. Wenman, M. Wetstein, M. R. While, A. White, L. H. Whitehead, D. Whittington, M. J. Wilking, C. Wilkinson, Z. Williams, F. Wilson, R. J. Wilson, J. Wolcott, T. Wongjirad, K. Wood, L. Wood, E. Worcester, M. Worcester, C. Wret, W. Wu, W. Wu, Y. Xiao, G. Yang, T. Yang, N. Yershov, K. Yonehara, T. Young, B. Yu, J. Yu, R. Zaki, J. Zalesak, L. Zambelli, B. Zamorano, A. Zani, L. Zazueta, G. P. Zeller, J. Zennamo, K. Zeug, C. Zhang, M. Zhao, E. Zhivun, G. Zhu, E. D. Zimmerman, M. Zito, S. Zucchelli, J. Zuklin, V. Zutshi, and R. Zwaska [hide authors].
The Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment (DUNE) is a next-generation
long-baseline neutrino oscillation experiment consisting of a high-power,
broadband neutrino beam, a highly capable near detector located on site at
Fermilab, in Batavia, Illinois, and a massive liquid argon time projection
chamber (LArTPC) far detector located at the 4850L of Sanford Underground
Research Facility in Lead, South Dakota. The long-baseline physics sensitivity
calculations presented in the DUNE Physics TDR, and in a related physics paper,
rely upon simulation of the neutrino beam line, simulation of neutrino
interactions in the near and far detectors, fully automated event
reconstruction and neutrino classification, and detailed implementation of
systematic uncertainties. The purpose of this posting is to provide a
simplified summary of the simulations that went into this analysis to the
community, in order to facilitate phenomenological studies of long-baseline
oscillation at DUNE. Simulated neutrino flux files and a GLoBES configuration
describing the far detector reconstruction and selection performance are
included as ancillary files to this posting. A simple analysis using these
configurations in GLoBES produces sensitivity that is similar, but not
identical, to the official DUNE sensitivity. DUNE welcomes those interested in
performing phenomenological work as members of the collaboration, but also
recognizes the benefit of making these configurations readily available to the
wider community.
- Non-unitary neutrino mixing in short and long-baseline experiments
2103.01998 [abs] [pdf]
[abstract]
by D. V. Forero, [and 3 more]C. Giunti, C. A. Ternes, and M. Tortola [hide authors].
Non-unitary neutrino mixing in the light neutrino sector is a direct
consequence of type-I seesaw neutrino mass models. In these models, light
neutrino mixing is described by a sub-matrix of the full lepton mixing matrix
and, then, it is not unitary in general. In consequence, neutrino oscillations
are characterized by additional parameters, including new sources of CP
violation. Here we perform a combined analysis of short and long-baseline
neutrino oscillation data in this extended mixing scenario. We did not find a
significant deviation from unitary mixing, and the complementary data sets have
been used to constrain the non-unitarity parameters. We have also found that
the T2K and NOvA tension in the determination of the Dirac CP-phase is not
alleviated in the context of non-unitary neutrino mixing.
- Does inhomogeneous big bang nucleosynthesis produce an inhomogeneous
element distribution today?
2103.01832 [abs] [pdf]
[abstract]
by Robert J. Scherrer.
Inhomogeneous big bang nucleosynthesis (BBN) produces a spatially
inhomogeneous distribution of element abundances at $T \sim 10^9$ K, but
subsequent element diffusion will tend to erase these inhomogeneities. We
calculate the cosmological comoving diffusion length for the BBN elements. This
diffusion length is limited by atomic scattering and is therefore dominated by
diffusion when the atoms are neutral, between the redshifts of recombination
and reionization. We find that the comoving diffusion length today is $d_{com}
\approx 70$ pc for all of the elements of interest except $^7$Li, for which
$d_{com}$ is an order of magnitude smaller because $^7$Li remains ionized
throughout the relevant epoch. This comoving diffusion length corresponds to a
substellar baryonic mass scale and is roughly equal to the horizon scale at
BBN. These results lend support to the possibility that inhomogeneities on
scales larger than the horizon at BBN could lead to a spatially inhomogeneous
distribution of elements today, while purely subhorizon fluctuations at BBN can
result only in a homogeneous element distribution at present.
- Long-lived bi$\boldsymbolν$o at the LHC
2103.01251 [abs] [pdf]
[abstract]
by Julia Gehrlein and Seyda Ipek.
We examine the detection prospects for a long-lived bi$\nu$o, a pseudo-Dirac
bino which is responsible for neutrino masses, at the LHC and at dedicated
long-lived particle detectors. The bi$\nu$o arises in $U(1)_R$-symmetric
supersymmetric models where the neutrino masses are generated through higher
dimensional operators in an inverse seesaw mechanism. At the LHC the bi$\nu$o
is produced through squark decays and it subsequently decays to quarks, charged
leptons and missing energy via its mixing with the Standard Model neutrinos. We
consider long-lived bi$\nu$os which escape the ATLAS or CMS detectors as
missing energy and decay to charged leptons inside the proposed long-lived
particle detectors FASER, CODEX-b, and MATHUSLA. We find the currently allowed
region in the squark-bi$\nu$o mass parameter space by recasting most recent LHC
searches for jets+MET. We also determine the reach of MATHUSLA, CODEX-b and
FASER. We find that a large region of parameter space involving squark masses,
bi$\nu$o mass and the messenger scale can be probed with MATHUSLA, ranging from
bi$\nu$o masses of 10 GeV-2 TeV and messenger scales $10^{2-11}$ TeV for a
range of squark masses.
- Robust Limits from Upcoming Neutrino Telescopes and Implications on
Minimal Dark Matter Models
2103.01237 [abs] [pdf]
[abstract]
by S. Basegmez du Pree, [and 5 more]C. Arina, A. Cheek, A. Dekker, M. Chianese, and S. Ando [hide authors].
Experimental developments in neutrino telescopes are drastically improving
their ability to constrain the annihilation cross-section of dark matter. In
this paper, we employ an angular power spectrum analysis method to probe the
galactic and extra-galactic dark matter signals with neutrino telescopes. We
first derive projections for a next generation of neutrino telescope that is
inspired by KM3NeT. We emphasise that such analysis is much less sensitive to
the choice of dark matter density profile. Remarkably, the projected
sensitivity is improved by more than an order of magnitude with respect to the
existing limits obtained by assuming the Burkert dark matter density profile
describing the galactic halo. Second, we analyse minimal extensions to the
Standard Model that will be maximally probed by the next generation of neutrino
telescopes. As benchmark scenarios, we consider Dirac dark matter in $s$- and
$t$-channel models with vector and scalar mediators. We follow a global
approach by examining all relevant complementary experimental constraints. We
find that neutrino telescopes will be able to competitively probe significant
portions of parameter space. Interestingly, the anomaly-free $L_{\mu}-L_{\tau}$
model can potentially be explored in regions where the relic abundance is
achieved through freeze-out mechanism.
- Annual Modulation Results from Three Years Exposure of ANAIS-112
2103.01175 [abs] [pdf]
[abstract]
by J. Amare, [and 12 more]S. Cebrian, D. Cintas, I. Coarasa, E. Garcia, M. Martinez, M. A. Olivan, Y. Ortigoza, A. Ortiz de Solorzano, J. Puimedon, A. Salinas, M. L. Sarsa, and P. Villar [hide authors].
ANAIS (Annual modulation with NaI Scintillators) is a dark matter direct
detection experiment consisting of 112.5 kg of NaI(Tl) detectors in operation
at the Canfranc Underground Laboratory (LSC), in Spain, since August 2017.
ANAIS' goal is to confirm or refute in a model independent way the DAMA/LIBRA
positive result: an annual modulation in the low-energy detection rate having
all the features expected for the signal induced by dark matter particles in a
standard galactic halo. This modulation, observed for about 20 years, is in
strong tension with the negative results of other very sensitive experiments,
but a model-independent comparison is still lacking. By using the same target
material, NaI(Tl), such comparison is more direct and almost independent on
dark matter particle and halo models. Here, we present the annual modulation
analysis corresponding to three years of ANAIS data (for an effective exposure
of 313.95 kg$\times$y), applying a blind procedure which updates that developed
for the 1.5 years analysis, and later applied to 2 years, while improves the
background modelling in the fitting of the ROI rates. We obtain for the best
fit in the [1-6] keV ([2-6] keV) energy region a modulation amplitude of
-0.0034$\pm$0.0042 cpd/kg/keV (0.0003$\pm$0.0037 cpd/kg/keV), supporting the
absence of modulation in our data, and incompatible with DAMA/LIBRA result at
3.3 (2.6) $\sigma$, for a sensitivity of 2.5 (2.7) $\sigma$. Moreover, we
include some complementary analyses: a phase-free annual modulation search and
the exploration of the possible presence of a periodic signal at other
frequencies. Finally, we carry out several consistency checks of our result and
we update the ANAIS-112 projected sensitivity for the scheduled 5 years of
operation.
- High Energy Neutrinos from Choked Gamma-Ray Bursts in AGN Accretion
Disks
2103.00789 [abs] [pdf]
[abstract]
by Jin-Ping Zhu, [and 5 more]Kai Wang, Bing Zhang, Yuan-Pei Yang, Yun-Wei Yu, and He Gao [hide authors].
Both long-duration gamma-ray bursts (LGRBs) from core collapse of massive
stars and short-duration GRBs (SGRBs) from mergers of binary neutron star (BNS)
or neutron star--black hole (NSBH) are expected to occur in the accretion disk
of active galactic nuclei (AGNs). We show that GRB jets embedded in the
migration traps of AGN disks are promised to be choked by the dense disk
material. Efficient shock acceleration of cosmic rays at the reverse shock is
expected, and high-energy neutrinos would be produced. We find that these
sources can effectively produce detectable TeV--PeV neutrinos through $p\gamma$
interactions. From a choked LGRB jet with isotropic equivalent energy of
$10^{53}\,{\rm erg}$ at $100\,{\rm Mpc}$, one expects $\sim2\,(7)$ neutrino
events detectable by IceCube (IceCube-Gen2). The contribution from choked LGRBs
to the observed diffuse neutrino background depends on the unknown local event
rate density of these GRBs in AGN disks. For example, if the local event rate
density of choked LGRBs in AGN disk is $\sim5\%$ that of low-luminosity GRBs
$(\sim10\,{\rm Gpc}^{-3}\,{\rm yr}^{-1})$, the neutrinos from these events
would contribute to $\sim10\%$ of the observed diffuse neutrino background.
Choked SGRBs in AGN disks are potential sources for future joint
electromagnetic, neutrino, and gravitational wave multi-messenger observations.
February 2021
- LEvEL: Low-Energy Neutrino Experiment at the LHC
2103.00009 [abs] [pdf]
[abstract]
by Kevin J. Kelly, [and 3 more]Pedro A. N. Machado, Alberto Marchionni, and Yuber F. Perez-Gonzalez [hide authors].
We propose the operation of \textbf{LEvEL}, the Low-Energy Neutrino
Experiment at the LHC, a neutrino detector near the Large Hadron Collider Beam
Dump. Such a detector is capable of exploring an intense, low-energy neutrino
flux and can measure neutrino cross sections that have previously never been
observed. These cross sections can inform other future neutrino experiments,
such as those aiming to observe neutrinos from supernovae, allowing such
measurements to accomplish their fundamental physics goals. We perform detailed
simulations to determine neutrino production at the LHC beam dump, as well as
neutron and muon backgrounds. Measurements at a few to ten percent precision of
neutrino-argon charged current and neutrino-nucleus coherent scattering cross
sections are attainable with 100~ton-year and 1~ton-year exposures at LEvEL,
respectively, concurrent with the operation of the High Luminosity LHC. We also
estimate signal and backgrounds for an experiment exploiting the forward
direction of the LHC beam dump, which could measure neutrinos above 100 GeV.
- Reconstruction of the neutrino mass as a function of redshift
2102.13618 [abs] [pdf]
[abstract]
by Christiane S. Lorenz, [and 3 more]Lena Funcke, Matthias Löffler, and Erminia Calabrese [hide authors].
We reconstruct the neutrino mass as a function of redshift, $z$, from current
cosmological data using both standard binned priors and linear spline priors
with variable knots. Using cosmic microwave background temperature,
polarization and lensing data, in combination with distance measurements from
baryonic acoustic oscillations and supernovae, we find that the neutrino mass
is consistent with $\sum m_\nu(z)=$ const. We obtain a larger bound on the
neutrino mass at low redshifts coinciding with the onset of dark energy
domination, $\sum m_\nu(z=0)<1.41$ eV (95% CL). This result can be explained
either by the well-known degeneracy between $\sum m_\nu$ and $\Omega_\Lambda$
at low redshifts, or by models in which neutrino masses are generated very late
in the Universe. We convert our results into cosmological limits for models
with post-recombination neutrino decay and find $\sum m_\nu <0.19$ eV (95% CL),
which is below the sensitivity of the KATRIN experiment. Thus, a neutrino mass
discovery by KATRIN would hint towards models predicting both
post-recombination neutrino mass generation and subsequent relic neutrino
annihilation.
- High-Energy Neutrinos from NGC 1068
2102.12409 [abs] [pdf]
[abstract]
by Luis A. Anchordoqui, John F. Krizmanic, and Floyd W. Stecker.
IceCube has observed an excess of neutrino events over expectations from the
isotropic background from the direction of NGC 1068. The excess is inconsistent
with background expectations at the level of $2.9\sigma$ after accounting for
statistical trials. Even though the excess is not statistical significant yet,
it is interesting to entertain the possibility that it corresponds to a real
signal. Assuming a single power-law spectrum, the IceCube Collaboration has
reported a best-fit flux $\phi_\nu\sim 3 \times 10^{-8} (E_\nu/{\rm
TeV})^{-3.2}~({\rm GeV \, cm^2 \, s})^{-1}$, where $E_\nu$ is the neutrino
energy. Taking account of new physics and astronomy developments we give a
revised high-energy neutrino flux for the Stecker-Done-Salamon-Sommers AGN core
model and show that it can accommodate IceCube observations.
- Resolving the LMA-dark NSI degeneracy with coherent neutrino-nucleus
scattering
2102.11981 [abs] [pdf]
[abstract]
by Mariano Esteves Chaves and Thomas Schwetz.
In the presence of non-standard neutrino interactions (NSI), a degeneracy
exists in neutrino oscillation data, which involves the flipping of the octant
of the mixing angle ${\theta_{12}}$ and the type of the neutrino mass ordering.
In this article, we revisit the status of this degeneracy in the light of
recent data on coherent elastic neutrino-nucleus scattering (CE${\nu}$NS) from
the COHERENT experiment. For general relative couplings to up and down quarks,
the degeneracy is disfavoured at the $2{\sigma}$ level by the latest data but
remains at a higher confidence level. We investigate the requirements of future
CE${\nu}$NS measurements to resolve the degeneracy with high significance. We
find that a measurement involving both, electron and muon neutrino flavours and
a target with a neutron-to-proton ratio close to 1 is required. For example, an
experiment with a silicon target at the European Spallation Source can resolve
the degeneracy at more than $4{\sigma}$ for arbitrary relative couplings to up
and down quarks.
- Searching for Physics Beyond the Standard Model in an Off-Axis DUNE Near
Detector
2102.03383 [abs] [pdf]
[abstract]
by Moritz Breitbach, [and 4 more]Luca Buonocore, Claudia Frugiuele, Joachim Kopp, and Lukas Mittnacht [hide authors].
Next generation neutrino oscillation experiments like DUNE and T2HK are
multi-purpose observatories, with a rich physics program beyond oscillation
measurements. A special role is played by their near detector facilities, which
are particularly well-suited to search for weakly coupled dark sector particles
produced in the primary target. In this paper, we demonstrate this by
estimating the sensitivity of the DUNE near detectors to the scattering of
sub-GeV DM particles and to the decay of sub-GeV sterile neutrinos ("heavy
neutral leptons"). We discuss in particular the importance of the DUNE-PRISM
design, which allows some of the near detectors to be moved away from the beam
axis. At such off-axis locations, the signal-to-background ratio improves for
many new physics searches. We find that this leads to a dramatic boost in the
sensitivity to boosted DM particles interacting mainly with hadrons, while for
boosted DM interacting with leptons, data taken on-axis leads to marginally
stronger exclusion limits. Searches for heavy neutral leptons perform equally
well in both configurations.
- Measuring solar neutrinos over Gigayear timescales with Paleo Detectors
2102.01755 [abs] [pdf]
[abstract]
by Natalia Tapia Arellano and Shunsaku Horiuchi.
Measuring the solar neutrino flux over gigayear timescales could provide a
new window to inform the Solar Standard Model as well as studies of the Earth's
long-term climate. We demonstrate the feasibility of measuring the
time-evolution of the $^8$B solar neutrino flux over gigayear timescales using
paleo detectors, naturally occurring minerals which record neutrino-induced
recoil tracks over geological times. We explore suitable minerals and identify
track lengths of 15--30 nm to be a practical window to detect the $^8$B solar
neutrino flux. A collection of ultra-radiopure minerals of different ages, each
some 0.1 kg by mass, can be used to probe the rise of the $^8$B solar neutrino
flux over the recent gigayear of the Sun's evolution. We also show that models
of the solar abundance problem can be distinguished based on the
time-integrated tracks induced by the $^8$B solar neutrino flux.
- Exploring the Origin of Supermassive Black Holes with Coherent Neutrino
Scattering
2102.00885 [abs] [pdf]
[abstract]
by Victor Munoz, [and 3 more]Volodymyr Takhistov, Samuel J. Witte, and George M. Fuller [hide authors].
Collapsing supermassive stars ($M \gtrsim 3 \times 10^4 M_{\odot}$) at high
redshifts can naturally provide seeds and explain the origin of the
supermassive black holes observed in the centers of nearly all galaxies. During
the collapse of supermassive stars, a burst of non-thermal neutrinos is
generated with a luminosity that could greatly exceed that of a conventional
core collapse supernova explosion. In this work, we investigate the extent to
which the neutrinos produced in these explosions can be observed via coherent
elastic neutrino-nucleus scattering (CE$\nu$NS). Large scale direct dark matter
detection experiments provide particularly favorable targets. We find that
upcoming $\mathcal{O}(100)$ tonne-scale experiments will be sensitive to the
collapse of individual supermassive stars at distances as large as
$\mathcal{O}(10)$ Mpc. While the diffuse background from the cosmic history of
these explosions is unlikely to be detectable, it could serve as an additional
background hindering the search for dark matter.
January 2021
- Cosmic-Neutrino-Boosted Dark Matter ($ν$BDM)
2101.11262 [abs] [pdf]
[abstract]
by Yongsoo Jho, [and 3 more]Jong-Chul Park, Seong Chan Park, and Po-Yan Tseng [hide authors].
A novel mechanism of boosting dark matter by cosmic neutrinos is proposed.
The new mechanism is so significant that the arriving flux of dark matter in
the mass window $1~{\rm keV} \lesssim m_{\rm DM} \lesssim 1~{\rm MeV}$ on Earth
can be enhanced by two to four orders of magnitude compared to one only by
cosmic electrons. Thereby we firstly derive conservative but still stringent
bounds and future sensitivity limits for such cosmic-neutrino-boosted dark
matter ($\nu$BDM) from advanced underground experiments such as Borexino,
PandaX, XENON1T, and JUNO.
- Neutrino non-standard interactions meet precision measurements of
$N_{\rm eff}$
2101.10475 [abs] [pdf]
[abstract]
by Yong Du and Jiang-Hao Yu.
The number of relativistic species, $N_{\rm eff}$, has been precisely
calculated in the standard model, and would be measured to the percent level by
CMB-S4 in future. Neutral-current non-standard interactions would affect
neutrino decoupling in the early Universe, thus modifying $N_{\rm eff}$. We
parameterize those operators up to dimension-7 in the effective field theory
framework, and then provide a complete, generic and analytical dictionary for
the collision term integrals. From precision measurements of $N_{\rm eff}$, the
most stringent constraint is obtained for the dimension-6 vector-type
neutrino-electron operator, whose scale is constrained to be above about 195
(331) GeV from Planck (CMB-S4). We find our results complementary to other
experiments like neutrino coherent scattering, neutrino oscillation, collider,
and neutrino deep inelastic scattering experiments.
- IceCube Data for Neutrino Point-Source Searches Years 2008-2018
2101.09836 [abs] [pdf]
[abstract]
by IceCube Collaboration, [and 373 more]R. Abbasi, M. Ackermann, J. Adams, J. A. Aguilar, M. Ahlers, M. Ahrens, C. Alispach, N. M. Amin, K. Andeen, T. Anderson, I. Ansseau, G. Anton, C. Argüelles, S. Axani, X. Bai, A. Balagopal V., A. Barbano, S. W. Barwick, B. Bastian, V. Basu, V. Baum, S. Baur, R. Bay, J. J. Beatty, K. -H. Becker, J. Becker Tjus, C. Bellenghi, S. BenZvi, D. Berley, E. Bernardini, D. Z. Besson, G. Binder, D. Bindig, E. Blaufuss, S. Blot, C. Bohm, S. Böser, O. Botner, J. Böttcher, E. Bourbeau, J. Bourbeau, F. Bradascio, J. Braun, S. Bron, J. Brostean-Kaiser, A. Burgman, J. Buscher, R. S. Busse, M. A. Campana, T. Carver, C. Chen, E. Cheung, D. Chirkin, S. Choi, B. A. Clark, K. Clark, L. Classen, A. Coleman, G. H. Collin, J. M. Conrad, P. Coppin, P. Correa, D. F. Cowen, R. Cross, P. Dave, C. De Clercq, J. J. DeLaunay, H. Dembinski, K. Deoskar, S. De Ridder, A. Desai, P. Desiati, K. D. de Vries, G. de Wasseige, M. de With, T. DeYoung, S. Dharani, A. Diaz, J. C. Díaz-Vélez, H. Dujmovic, M. Dunkman, M. A. DuVernois, E. Dvorak, T. Ehrhardt, P. Eller, R. Engel, P. A. Evenson, S. Fahey, A. R. Fazely, J. Felde, A. T. Fienberg, K. Filimonov, C. Finley, L. Fischer, D. Fox, A. Franckowiak, E. Friedman, A. Fritz, T. K. Gaisser, J. Gallagher, E. Ganster, S. Garrappa, L. Gerhardt, A. Ghadimi, T. Glauch, T. Glüsenkamp, A. Goldschmidt, J. G. Gonzalez, S. Goswami, D. Grant, T. Grégoire, Z. Griffith, S. Griswold, M. Gündüz, C. Haack, A. Hallgren, R. Halliday, L. Halve, F. Halzen, M. Ha Minh, K. Hanson, J. Hardin, A. Haungs, S. Hauser, D. Hebecker, P. Heix, K. Helbing, R. Hellauer, F. Henningsen, S. Hickford, J. Hignight, C. Hill, G. C. Hill, K. D. Hoffman, R. Hoffmann, T. Hoinka, B. Hokanson-Fasig, K. Hoshina, F. Huang, M. Huber, T. Huber, K. Hultqvist, M. Hünnefeld, R. Hussain, S. In, N. Iovine, A. Ishihara, M. Jansson, G. S. Japaridze, M. Jeong, B. J. P. Jones, F. Jonske, R. Joppe, D. Kang, W. Kang, X. Kang, A. Kappes, D. Kappesser, T. Karg, M. Karl, A. Karle, U. Katz, M. Kauer, M. Kellermann, J. L. Kelley, A. Kheirandish, J. Kim, K. Kin, T. Kintscher, J. Kiryluk, T. Kittler, S. R. Klein, R. Koirala, H. Kolanoski, L. Köpke, C. Kopper, S. Kopper, D. J. Koskinen, P. Koundal, M. Kovacevich, M. Kowalski, K. Krings, G. Krückl, N. Kulacz, N. Kurahashi, A. Kyriacou, C. Lagunas Gualda, J. L. Lanfranchi, M. J. Larson, F. Lauber, J. P. Lazar, K. Leonard, A. Leszczyńska, Y. Li, Q. R. Liu, E. Lohfink, C. J. Lozano Mariscal, L. Lu, F. Lucarelli, A. Ludwig, J. Lünemann, W. Luszczak, Y. Lyu, W. Y. Ma, J. Madsen, G. Maggi, K. B. M. Mahn, Y. Makino, P. Mallik, S. Mancina, I. C. Mariş, R. Maruyama, K. Mase, R. Maunu, F. McNally, K. Meagher, A. Medina, M. Meier, S. Meighen-Berger, J. Merz, J. Micallef, D. Mockler, G. Momenté, T. Montaruli, R. W. Moore, R. Morse, M. Moulai, P. Muth, R. Naab, R. Nagai, U. Naumann, J. Necker, G. Neer, L. V. Nguyên, H. Niederhausen, M. U. Nisa, S. C. Nowicki, D. R. Nygren, A. Obertacke Pollmann, M. Oehler, A. Olivas, E. O'Sullivan, H. Pandya, D. V. Pankova, N. Park, G. K. Parker, E. N. Paudel, P. Peiffer, C. Pérez de los Heros, S. Philippen, D. Pieloth, S. Pieper, A. Pizzuto, M. Plum, Y. Popovych, A. Porcelli, M. Prado Rodriguez, P. B. Price, G. T. Przybylski, C. Raab, A. Raissi, M. Rameez, K. Rawlins, I. C. Rea, A. Rehman, R. Reimann, M. Renschler, G. Renzi, E. Resconi, S. Reusch, W. Rhode, M. Richman, B. Riedel, S. Robertson, G. Roellinghoff, M. Rongen, C. Rott, T. Ruhe, D. Ryckbosch, D. Rysewyk Cantu, I. Safa, S. E. Sanchez Herrera, A. Sandrock, J. Sandroos, M. Santander, S. Sarkar, S. Sarkar, K. Satalecka, M. Scharf, M. Schaufel, H. Schieler, P. Schlunder, T. Schmidt, A. Schneider, J. Schneider, F. G. Schröder, L. Schumacher, S. Sclafani, D. Seckel, S. Seunarine, S. Shefali, M. Silva, B. Smithers, R. Snihur, J. Soedingrekso, D. Soldin, M. Song, G. M. Spiczak, C. Spiering, J. Stachurska, M. Stamatikos, T. Stanev, R. Stein, J. Stettner, A. Steuer, T. Stezelberger, R. G. Stokstad, N. L. Strotjohann, T. Stürwald, T. Stuttard, G. W. Sullivan, I. Taboada, F. Tenholt, S. Ter-Antonyan, S. Tilav, K. Tollefson, L. Tomankova, C. Tönnis, S. Toscano, D. Tosi, A. Trettin, M. Tselengidou, C. F. Tung, A. Turcati, R. Turcotte, C. F. Turley, J. P. Twagirayezu, B. Ty, E. Unger, M. A. Unland Elorrieta, J. Vandenbroucke, D. van Eijk, N. van Eijndhoven, D. Vannerom, J. van Santen, S. Verpoest, M. Vraeghe, C. Walck, A. Wallace, T. B. Watson, C. Weaver, A. Weindl, M. J. Weiss, J. Weldert, C. Wendt, J. Werthebach, B. J. Whelan, N. Whitehorn, K. Wiebe, C. H. Wiebusch, D. R. Williams, M. Wolf, T. R. Wood, K. Woschnagg, G. Wrede, J. Wulff, X. W. Xu, Y. Xu, J. P. Yanez, S. Yoshida, T. Yuan, Z. Zhang, and M. Zöcklein [hide authors].
IceCube has performed several all-sky searches for point-like neutrino
sources using track-like events, including a recent time-integrated analysis
using 10 years of IceCube data. This paper accompanies the public data release
of these neutrino candidates detected by IceCube between April 6, 2008 and July
8, 2018. The selection includes through-going tracks, primarily due to muon
neutrino candidates, that reach the detector from all directions, as well as
neutrino track events that start within the instrumented volume. An updated
selection and reconstruction for data taken after April 2012 slightly improves
the sensitivity of the sample. While more than 80% of the sample overlaps
between the old and new versions, differing events can lead to changes relative
to the previous 7 year event selection. An a posteriori estimate of the
significance of the 2014-2015 TXS flare is reported with an explanation of
observed discrepancies with previous results. This public data release, which
includes 10 years of data and binned detector response functions for muon
neutrino signal events, shows improved sensitivity in generic time-integrated
point source analyses and should be preferred over previous releases.
- Oscillations of sterile neutrinos from dark matter decay eliminates the
IceCube-Fermi tension
2101.09559 [abs] [pdf]
[abstract]
by Luis A. Anchordoqui, [and 4 more]Vernon Barger, Danny Marfatia, Mary Hall Reno, and Thomas J. Weiler [hide authors].
IceCube has observed a flux of cosmic neutrinos, with a "bump" in the energy
range $10 \lesssim E/{\rm TeV} \lesssim 100$ that creates a $3\sigma$ tension
with gamma-ray data from the Fermi satellite. This has been interpreted as
evidence for a population of hidden cosmic-ray accelerators. We propose an
alternative explanation of this conundrum on the basis of cold dark matter
which decays into sterile neutrinos that after oscillations produce the bump in
the cosmic neutrino spectrum.
- Physics reach of a low threshold scintillating argon bubble chamber in
coherent elastic neutrino-nucleus scattering reactor experiments
2101.08785 [abs] [pdf]
[abstract]
by L. J. Flores, [and 33 more]Eduardo Peinado, E. Alfonso-Pita, K. Allen, M. Baker, E. Behnke, M. Bressler, K. Clark, R. Coppejans, C. Cripe, M. Crisler, C. E. Dahl, A. de St. Croix, D. Durnford, P. Giampa, O. Harris, P. Hatch, H. Hawley, C. M. Jackson, Y. Ko, C. Krauss, N. Lamb, M. Laurin, I. Levine, W. H. Lippincott, R. Neilson, S. Pal, M. -C. Piro, Z. Sheng, E. Vázquez-Jáuregui, T. J. Whitis, S. Windle, R. Zhang, and A. Zuñiga-Reyes [hide authors].
The physics reach of a low threshold (100 eV) scintillating argon bubble
chamber sensitive to Coherent Elastic neutrino-Nucleus Scattering (CE$\nu$NS)
from reactor neutrinos is studied. The sensitivity to the weak mixing angle,
neutrino magnetic moment, and a light $Z'$ gauge boson mediator are analyzed. A
Monte Carlo simulation of the backgrounds is performed to assess their
contribution to the signal. The analysis shows that world-leading sensitivities
are achieved with a one-year exposure for a 10 kg chamber at 3 m from a 1
MW$_{th}$ research reactor or a 100 kg chamber at 30 m from a 2000 MW$_{th}$
power reactor. Such a detector has the potential to become the leading
technology to study CE$\nu$NS using nuclear reactors.
- Ultra-high energy cosmic rays deflection by the Intergalactic Magnetic
Field
2101.07207 [abs] [pdf]
[abstract]
by Andres Aramburo Garcia, [and 5 more]Kyrylo Bondarenko, Alexey Boyarsky, Dylan Nelson, Annalisa Pillepich, and Anastasia Sokolenko [hide authors].
The origin and composition of ultra-high energy cosmic rays (UHECRs) remain a
mystery. The common lore is that UHECRs are deflected from their primary
directions by the Galactic and extragalactic magnetic fields. Here we describe
an extragalactic contribution to the deflection of UHECRs that does not depend
on the strength and orientation of the initial seed field. Using the
IllustrisTNG simulations, we show that outflow-driven magnetic bubbles created
by feedback processes during galaxy formation deflect approximately half of all
$10^{20}$ eV protons by $1^{\circ}$ or more, and up to $20$-$30^{\circ}$. This
implies that the deflection in the intergalactic medium must be taken into
account in order to identify the sources of UHECRs.
- Long Range Interactions in Cosmology: Implications for Neutrinos
2101.05804 [abs] [pdf]
[abstract]
by Ivan Esteban and Jordi Salvado.
Cosmology is well suited to study the effects of long range interactions due
to the large densities in the early Universe. In this article, we explore how
the energy density and equation of state of a fermion system diverge from the
commonly assumed ideal gas form under the presence of scalar long range
interactions with a range much smaller than cosmological scales. In this
scenario, "small"-scale physics can impact our largest-scale observations. As a
benchmark, we apply the formalism to self-interacting neutrinos, performing an
analysis to present and future cosmological data. Our results show that the
current cosmological neutrino mass bound is fully avoided in the presence of a
long range interaction, opening the possibility for a laboratory neutrino mass
detection in the near future. We also demonstrate an interesting
complementarity between neutrino laboratory experiments and the future EUCLID
survey.
- Supernova Model Discrimination with Hyper-Kamiokande
2101.05269 [abs] [pdf]
[abstract]
by Hyper-Kamiokande Collaboration, [and 501 more]:, K. Abe, P. Adrich, H. Aihara, R. Akutsu, I. Alekseev, A. Ali, F. Ameli, I. Anghel, L. H. V. Anthony, M. Antonova, A. Araya, Y. Asaoka, Y. Ashida, V. Aushev, F. Ballester, I. Bandac, M. Barbi, G. J. Barker, G. Barr, M. Batkiewicz-Kwasniak, M. Bellato, V. Berardi, M. Bergevin, L. Bernard, E. Bernardini, L. Berns, S. Bhadra, J. Bian, A. Blanchet, F. d. M. Blaszczyk, A. Blondel, A. Boiano, S. Bolognesi, L. Bonavera, N. Booth, S. Borjabad, T. Boschi, D. Bose, S . B. Boyd, C. Bozza, A. Bravar, D. Bravo-Berguño, C. Bronner, L. Brown, A. Bubak, A. Buchowicz, M. Buizza Avanzini, F. S. Cafagna, N. F. Calabria, J. M. Calvo-Mozota, S. Cao, S. L. Cartwright, A. Carroll, M. G. Catanesi, S. Cebriàn, M. Chabera, S. Chakraborty, C. Checchia, J. H. Choi, S. Choubey, M. Cicerchia, J. Coleman, G. Collazuol, L. Cook, G. Cowan, S. Cuen-Rochin, M. Danilov, G. Daz Lopez, E. De la Fuente, P. de Perio, G. De Rosa, T. Dealtry, C. J. Densham, A. Dergacheva, N. Deshmukh, M. M. Devi, F. Di Lodovico, P. Di Meo, I. Di Palma, T. A. Doyle, E. Drakopoulou, O. Drapier, J. Dumarchez, P. Dunne, M. Dziewiecki, L. Eklund, S. El Hedri, J. Ellis, S. Emery, A. Esmaili, R. Esteve, A. Evangelisti, M. Feely, S. Fedotov, J. Feng, P. Fernandez, E. Fernández-Martinez, P. Ferrario, B. Ferrazzi, T. Feusels, A. Finch, C. Finley, A. Fiorentini, G. Fiorillo, M. Fitton, K. Frankiewicz, M. Friend, Y. Fujii, Y. Fukuda, G. Galinski, J. Gao, C. Garde, A. Garfagnini, S. Garode, L. Gialanella, C. Giganti, J. J. Gomez-Cadenas, M. Gonin, J. González-Nuevo, A. Gorin, R. Gornea, V. Gousy-Leblanc, F. Gramegna, M. Grassi, G. Grella, M. Guigue, P. Gumplinger, D. R. Hadley, M. Harada, B. Hartfiel, M. Hartz, S. Hassani, N. C. Hastings, Y. Hayato, J. A. Hernando-Morata, V. Herrero, J. Hill, K. Hiraide, S. Hirota, A. Holin, S. Horiuchi, K. Hoshina, K. Hultqvist, F. Iacob, A. K. Ichikawa, W. Idrissi Ibnsalih, T. Iijima, M. Ikeda, M. Inomoto, K. Inoue, J. Insler, A. Ioannisian, T. Ishida, K. Ishidoshiro, H. Ishino, M. Ishitsuka, H. Ito, S. Ito, Y. Itow, K. Iwamoto, A. Izmaylov, N. Izumi, S. Izumiyama, M. Jakkapu, B. Jamieson, H. I. Jang, J. S. Jang, S. J. Jenkins, S. H. Jeon, M. Jiang, H. S. Jo, P. Jonsson, K. K. Joo, T. Kajita, H. Kakuno, J. Kameda, Y. Kano, P. Kalaczynski, D. Karlen, J. Kasperek, Y. Kataoka, A. Kato, T. Katori, N. Kazarian, E. Kearns, M. Khabibullin, A. Khotjantsev, T. Kikawa, M. Kikec, J. H. Kim, J. Y. Kim, S. B. Kim, S. Y. Kim, S. King, T. Kinoshita, J. Kisiel, A. Klekotko, T. Kobayashi, L. Koch, M. Koga, L. Koerich, N. Kolev, A. Konaka, L. L. Kormos, Y. Koshio, A. Korzenev, Y. Kotsar, K. A. Kouzakov, K. L. Kowalik, L. Kravchuk, A. P. Kryukov, Y. Kudenko, T. Kumita, R. Kurjata, T. Kutter, M. Kuze, K. Kwak, M. La Commara, L. Labarga, J. Lagoda, M. Lamers James, M. Lamoureux, M. Laveder, L. Lavitola, M. Lawe, J. G. Learned, J. Lee, R. Leitner, V. Lezaun, I. T. Lim, T. Lindner, R. P. Litchfield, K. R. Long, A. Longhin, P. Loverre, X. Lu, L. Ludovici, Y. Maekawa, L. Magaletti, K. Magar, K. Mahn, Y. Makida, M. Malek, M. Malinský, T. Marchi, L. Maret, C. Mariani, A. Marinelli, K. Martens, Ll. Marti, J. F. Martin, D. Martin, J. Marzec, T. Matsubara, R. Matsumoto, S. Matsuno, M. Matusiak, E. Mazzucato, M. McCarthy, N. McCauley, J. McElwee, C. McGrew, A. Mefodiev, A. Medhi, P. Mehta, L. Mellet, H. Menjo, P. Mermod, C. Metelko, M. Mezzetto, J. Migenda, P. Migliozzi, P. Mijakowski, S. Miki, E. W. Miller, H. Minakata, A. Minamino, S. Mine, O. Mineev, A. Mitra, M. Miura, R. Moharana, C. M. Mollo, T. Mondal, M. Mongelli, F. Monrabal, D. H. Moon, C. S. Moon, F. J. Mora, S. Moriyama, Th. A. Mueller, L. Munteanu, K. Murase, Y. Nagao, T. Nakadaira, K. Nakagiri, M. Nakahata, S. Nakai, Y. Nakajima, K. Nakamura, KI. Nakamura, H. Nakamura, Y. Nakano, T. Nakaya, S. Nakayama, K. Nakayoshi, L. Nascimento Machado, C. E. R. Naseby, B. Navarro-Garcia, M. Needham, T. Nicholls, K. Niewczas, Y. Nishimura, E. Noah, F. Nova, J. C. Nugent, H. Nunokawa, W. Obrebski, J. P. Ochoa-Ricoux, E. O'Connor, N. Ogawa, T. Ogitsu, K. Ohta, K. Okamoto, H. M. O'Keeffe, K. Okumura, Y. Onishchuk, F. Orozco-Luna, A. Oshlianskyi, N. Ospina, M. Ostrowski, E. O'Sullivan, L. O'Sullivan, T. Ovsiannikova, Y. Oyama, H. Ozaki, M. Y. Pac, P. Paganini, V. Palladino, V. Paolone, M. Pari, S. Parsa, J. Pasternak, C. Pastore, G. Pastuszak, D. A. Patel, M. Pavin, D. Payne, C. Peña-Garay, C. Pidcott, E. Pinzon Guerra, S. Playfer, B. W. Pointon, A. Popov, B. Popov, K. Porwit, M. Posiadala-Zezula, J. -M. Poutissou, J. Pozimski, G. Pronost, N. W. Prouse, P. Przewlocki, B. Quilain, A. A. Quiroga, E. Radicioni, B. Radics, P. J. Rajda, J. Renner, M. Rescigno, F. Retiere, G. Ricciardi, C. Riccio, B. Richards, E. Rondio, H. J. Rose, B. Roskovec, S. Roth, C. Rott, S. D. Rountree, A. Rubbia, A. C. Ruggeri, C. Ruggles, S. Russo, A. Rychter, D. Ryu, K. Sakashita, S. Samani, F. Sánchez, M. L. Sánchez, M. C. Sanchez, S. Sano, J. D. Santos, G. Santucci, P. Sarmah, I. Sashima, K. Sato, M. Scott, Y. Seiya, T. Sekiguchi, H. Sekiya, J. W. Seo, S. H. Seo, D. Sgalaberna, A. Shaikhiev, Z. Shan, A. Shaykina, I. Shimizu, C. D. Shin, M. Shinoki, M. Shiozawa, G. Sinnis, N. Skrobova, K. Skwarczynski, M. B. Smy, J. Sobczyk, H. W. Sobel, F. J. P. Soler, Y. Sonoda, R. Spina, B. Spisso, P. Spradlin, K. L. Stankevich, L. Stawarz, S. M. Stellacci, K. Stopa, A. I. Studenikin, S. L. Suárez Gómez, T. Suganuma, S. Suvorov, Y. Suwa, A. T. Suzuki, S. Y. Suzuki, Y. Suzuki, D. Svirida, R. Svoboda, M. Taani, M. Tada, A. Takeda, Y. Takemoto, A. Takenaka, A. Taketa, Y. Takeuchi, V. Takhistov, H. Tanaka, H. A. Tanaka, H. I. Tanaka, M. Tanaka, T. Tashiro, M. Thiesse, L. F. Thompson, A. K. Tomatani-Sánchez, G. Tortone, K. M. Tsui, T. Tsukamoto, M. Tzanov, Y. Uchida, M. R. Vagins, S. Valder, V. Valentino, G. Vasseur, A. Vijayvargi, C. Vilela, W. G. S. Vinning, D. Vivolo, T. Vladisavljevic, R. B. Vogelaar, M. M. Vyalkov, T. Wachala, J. Walker, D. Wark, M. O. Wascko, R. A. Wendell, R. J. Wilkes, M. J. Wilking, J. R. Wilson, S. Wronka, J. Xia, Z. Xie, T. Xin, Y. Yamaguchi, K. Yamamoto, C. Yanagisawa, T. Yano, S. Yen, N. Yershov, D. N. Yeum, M. Yokoyama, M. Yonenaga, J. Yoo, I. Yu, M. Yu, T. Zakrzewski, B. Zaldivar, J. Zalipska, K. Zaremba, G. Zarnecki, M. Ziembicki, K. Zietara, M. Zito, and S. Zsoldos [hide authors].
Core-collapse supernovae are among the most magnificent events in the
observable universe. They produce many of the chemical elements necessary for
life to exist and their remnants -- neutron stars and black holes -- are
interesting astrophysical objects in their own right. However, despite
millennia of observations and almost a century of astrophysical study, the
explosion mechanism of core-collapse supernovae is not yet well understood.
Hyper-Kamiokande is a next-generation neutrino detector that will be able to
observe the neutrino flux from the next galactic core-collapse supernova in
unprecedented detail. We focus on the first 500 ms of the neutrino burst,
corresponding to the accretion phase, and use a newly-developed, high-precision
supernova event generator to simulate Hyper-Kamiokande's response to five
different supernova models. We show that Hyper-Kamiokande will be able to
distinguish between these models with high accuracy for a supernova at a
distance of up to 100 kpc. Once the next galactic supernova happens, this
ability will be a powerful tool for guiding simulations towards a precise
reproduction of the explosion mechanism observed in nature.
- The Imprint of Large Scale Structure on the Ultra-High-Energy Cosmic Ray
Sky
2101.04564 [abs] [pdf]
[abstract]
by Chen Ding, Noemie Globus, and Glennys R. Farrar.
Ultra-high-energy cosmic rays (UHECRs) are atomic nuclei from space with
vastly higher energies than any other particles ever observed. Their origin and
chemical composition remain a mystery. As we show here, the large- and
intermediate-angular-scale anisotropies observed by the Pierre Auger
Observatory are a powerful tool for understanding the origin of UHECRs. Without
specifying any particular production mechanism, but only postulating that the
source distribution follows the matter distribution of the local Universe, a
good accounting of the magnitude, direction and energy dependence of the dipole
anisotropy at energies above $8 \times 10^{18}$ eV is obtained, after taking
into account the impact of energy losses during propagation (the "GZK
horizon"), diffusion in extragalactic magnetic field and deflections in the
Galactic magnetic field (GMF). This is a major step toward the long-standing
hope of using UHECR anisotropies to constrain UHECR composition and magnetic
fields. The observed dipole anisotropy is incompatible with a pure proton
composition in this scenario. With a more accurate treatment of energy losses,
it should be possible to further constrain the cosmic-ray composition and
properties of the extragalactic magnetic field, self-consistently improve the
GMF model, and potentially expose individual UHECR sources.
- New CP Phase and Exact Oscillation Probabilities of Dirac Neutrino
derived from Relativistic Equation
2101.03555 [abs] [pdf]
[abstract]
by Keiichi Kimura and Akira Takamura.
We present a new formulation deriving the neutrino oscillation probabilities
relativistically based on not the Schr$\ddot{\rm o}$dinger equation but the
Dirac equation. In two generations, we calculate the oscillation probabilities
exactly in the case that there exists only the Dirac mass term. We find that
two kinds of new terms appear in the oscillation probabilities derived from the
Dirac equation. One is the term dependent on the absolute value of neutrino
mass. Although it has been considered that the oscillation probabilities depend
only on the mass squared differences until now, we could observe the absolute
value of mass through neutrino oscillations in principle. The other is the term
including a new CP phase. If there are some interactions to distinguish the
flavors of right-handed neutrinos beyond the Standard Model, we could also
observe this new CP phase in principle even in the framework of two
generations. We discuss the possibility to observe the contribution of these
terms by the neutrino oscillations of atomic size. On the other hand, it is
negligible in the usual short and long-baseline experiments, and there is no
contradiction with previous experiments.
- A New Approach to Probe Non-Standard Interactions in Atmospheric
Neutrino Experiments
2101.02607 [abs] [pdf]
[abstract]
by Anil Kumar, [and 3 more]Amina Khatun, Sanjib Kumar Agarwalla, and Amol Dighe [hide authors].
We propose a new approach to explore the neutral-current non-standard
neutrino interactions (NSI) in atmospheric neutrino experiments using
oscillation dips and valleys in reconstructed muon observables, at a detector
like ICAL that can identify the muon charge. We focus on the flavor-changing
NSI parameter $\varepsilon_{\mu\tau}$, which has the maximum impact on the muon
survival probability in these experiments. We show that non-zero
$\varepsilon_{\mu\tau}$ shifts the oscillation dip locations in $L/E$
distributions of the up/down event ratios of reconstructed $\mu^-$ and $\mu^+$
in opposite directions. We introduce a new variable $\Delta d$ representing the
difference of dip locations in $\mu^-$ and $\mu^+$, which is sensitive to the
magnitude as well as the sign of $\varepsilon_{\mu\tau}$, and is independent of
the value of $\Delta m^2_{32}$. We further note that the oscillation valley in
the ($E$, $\cos \theta$) plane of the reconstructed muon observables bends in
the presence of NSI, its curvature having opposite signs for $\mu^-$ and
$\mu^+$. We demonstrate the identification of NSI with this curvature, which is
feasible for detectors like ICAL having excellent muon energy and direction
resolutions. We illustrate how the measurement of contrast in the curvatures of
valleys in $\mu^-$ and $\mu^+$ can be used to estimate $\varepsilon_{\mu\tau}$.
Using these proposed oscillation dip and valley measurements, the achievable
precision on $|\varepsilon_{\mu\tau}|$ at 90% C.L. is about 2% with 500
kt$\cdot$yr exposure. The effects of statistical fluctuations, systematic
errors, and uncertainties in oscillation parameters have been incorporated
using multiple sets of simulated data. Our method would provide a direct and
robust measurement of $\varepsilon_{\mu\tau}$ in the multi-GeV energy range.
- Carbon Footprint Study for the GRAND Project
2101.02049 [abs] [pdf]
[abstract]
by Clarisse Aujoux, Kumiko Kotera, and Odile Blanchard.
We present a pioneering estimate of the global yearly greenhouse gas
emissions of a large-scale Astrophysics experiment over several decades: the
Giant Array for Neutrino Detection (GRAND). The project aims at detecting
ultra-high energy neutrinos with a 200,000 radio antenna array over
200,000\,km$^2$ as of the 2030s. With a fully transparent methodology based on
open source data, we calculate the emissions related to three unavoidable
sources: travel, digital technologies and hardware equipment. We find that
these emission sources have a different impact depending on the stages of the
experiment. Digital technologies and travel prevail for the small-scale
prototyping phase (GRANDProto300), whereas hardware equipment (material
production and transportation) and data transfer/storage largely outweigh the
other emission sources in the large-scale phase (GRAND200k). In the mid-scale
phase (GRAND10k), the three sources contribute equally. This study highlights
the considerable carbon footprint of a large-scale astrophysics experiment, but
also shows that there is room for improvement. We discuss various lines of
actions that could be implemented. The GRAND project being still in its
prototyping stage, our results provide guidance to the future collaborative
practices and instrumental design in order to reduce its carbon footprint.
December 2020
- What if a specific neutrinoless double beta decay is absent
2012.13186 [abs] [pdf]
[abstract]
by Takehiko Asaka, Hiroyuki Ishida, and Kazuki Tanaka.
We consider the seesaw model with two right-handed neutrinos $N_1$ and $N_2$
which masses are hierarchical, and investigate their contribution to the
neutrinoless double beta ($0 \nu \beta \beta$) decay. Although the lepton
number is broken by the Majorana masses of right-handed neutrinos, such decay
processes can be absent in some cases. We present a possibility where the
lighter $N_1$ gives a destructive contribution to that of active neutrinos by
choosing the specific mixing elements of $N_1$, while $N_2$ is sufficiently
heavy not to contribute to the $0 \nu \beta \beta$ decay. In this case the
mixing elements of $N_1$ in the charged current interaction are determined by
its mass and the Majorana phase of active neutrinos. We then study the impacts
of such a possibility on the direct search for $N_1$. In addition, we discuss
the consequence of the case when the $0 \nu \beta \beta$ decay in one specific
nucleus is absent.
- Lunar neutrinos
2012.12870 [abs] [pdf]
[abstract]
by S. Demidov and D. Gorbunov.
Cosmic rays bombard the lunar surface producing mesons, which attenuate
inside the regolith. They get slower and decay weakly into mostly sub-GeV
neutrinos leaving the surface. Thus the Moon shines in neutrinos. Here we
calculate spectra of low energy neutrinos, which exhibit bright features
potentially recognizable above isotropic neutrino background in the direction
towards the Moon. Their observation, though a very challenging task for future
neutrino large volume experiments, would make the Moon the nearest
astrophysical source for which the concept of multimessenger astronomy works
truly. Remarkably, some features of the lunar neutrino flux are sensitive to
the surface mass density of the Moon.
- Compact Dark Objects in Neutron Star Mergers
2012.11908 [abs] [pdf]
[abstract]
by Andreas Bauswein, [and 4 more]Gang Guo, Jr-Hua Lien, Yen-Hsun Lin, and Meng-Ru Wu [hide authors].
We estimate the long-lasting gravitational wave (GW) emission of compact dark
objects following a binary neutron-star (NS) merger. We consider compact dark
objects, which initially reside in the centers of NSs and which may consist of
self-interacting dark matter (DM). By approximating the compact dark objects as
test particles, we model the merging of NS binaries hosting DM components with
three-dimensional relativistic simulations. Our simulation results suggest that
the DM components remain gravitationally bound and orbit inside the merger
remnant with orbital separations of typically a few km. The subsequent orbital
motion of the DM components generates a GW signal with frequencies in the range
of a few kHz. When considering a range of different binary masses and
high-density equations of state (EoS), we find that the GW frequency of the
orbiting DM components scales with the compactness of NSs. Similarly, we find
relations between the DM GW frequency and the dominant postmerger GW frequency
of the stellar fluid or the tidal deformability, which quantifies EoS effects
during the binary inspiral. Hence, a measurement of these quantities can be
used to specify the frequency range of the GW emission by DM. Under the
assumption that GW back reaction is the only relevant dissipative process, the
GW signal may last between seconds and years depending on the mass of the DM
component. We estimate the detectability of the GW signals and find that DM
components in NS mergers may only be detectable with existing and projected GW
instruments if the dark objects are as massive as about 0.01 to 0.1 M_sun. We
emphasize that the GW emission is limited by the lifetime of the remnant. A
forming black hole will immediately swallow the DM objects because their orbits
are smaller than the innermost stable circular orbit of the black hole.
- A closer look at the $pp$-chain reaction in the Sun: Constraining the
coupling of light mediators to protons
2012.11620 [abs] [pdf]
[abstract]
by Anna M. Suliga, Shashank Shalgar, and George M. Fuller.
The $pp$-chain of nuclear reactions is the primary route for energy
production in the Sun. The first step in that reaction sequence converts two
protons to a deuterium nucleus with the emission of a positron and electron
neutrino. This reaction is extremely slow because it is a weak interaction, and
significantly, it involves quantum tunneling through the Coulomb barrier.
Though the reaction rate can be calculated with high confidence in the Standard
Model, it has not been measured at solar energies. If there exist interactions
that are engendered by non-standard mediators then the rate of this reaction in
the Sun could be altered. We probe such non-standard interactions between two
protons by performing self-consistent calculations of solar evolution to the
current solar system age and then comparing to measured properties of the Sun,
including solar neutrino results. We thereby obtain constraints on mediator
mass and couplings in these beyond-standard-model scenarios. Constraints on
these non-standard parameters could be extended further with better confidence
on the value of the metallicity of the Sun and the solar neutrino CNO flux.
- Physics prospects with the second oscillation maximum at Deep
Underground Neutrino Experiment
2012.08269 [abs] [pdf]
[abstract]
by Jogesh Rout, [and 3 more]Sheeba Shafaq, Mary Bishai, and Poonam Mehta [hide authors].
Current long-baseline neutrino-oscillation experiments such as NO$\nu$A and
T2K are mainly sensitive to physics in the neighbourhood of the first
oscillation maximum of the $\nu_\mu \to \nu_e$ oscillation probability. The
future Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment (DUNE) utilizes a wide-band beam
tune optimized for CP violation sensitivity that fully covers the region of the
first maxima and part of the second. In the present study, we elucidate the
role of second oscillation maximum in addressing issues pertaining to unknowns
in the standard three flavour paradigm. We consider a new DUNE beam tune
optimized for coverage of the region of the second oscillation maxima which
could be realized using proposed accelerator upgrades that provide multi-MW of
power at proton energies of 8 GeV. We find that addition of the multi-MW 8 GeV
beam to DUNE wide-band running leads to modest improvement in sensitivity to CP
violation, mass hierarchy, the octant of $\theta_{23}$ as well as the
resolution of $\delta$ and the Jarlskog invariant. Significant improvements to
the DUNE neutrino energy resolution yield a much larger improvement in
performance. We conclude that the standard DUNE wide-band beam when coupled
with excellent detector resolution capabilities is sufficient to resolve
$\delta$ to better than $\sim 12^\circ$ for all values of $\delta$ in a decade
of running. For second maxima (8 GeV 3MW) beam running concurrently with the
standard wide-band (80 GeV 2.2 MW) beam for 5 of the 10 years, it is found that
$\delta$ can be further resolved better than $\sim 10^\circ$ for all values of
$\delta$.
- Evolution of perturbations and spectra in two-component ultralight
axionic universes
2012.07602 [abs] [pdf]
[abstract]
by Yi-Hsiung Hsu and Tzihong Chiueh.
Evolution of cosmic perturbations in two-component ultralight axionic
universes is investigated. We present the first spectral computation of
perturbations in multi-component universes. A particular case composed of light
extreme axions and free massive particles offers a possibility for the
formation of very high-redshift massive galaxies, which are normally required
to host massive early quasars. Our computation retains the information of
perturbed velocities for individual axion components, an information that opens
a new avenue for setting up initial conditions for future axion dark matter
simulations.
- Interplay between the factorization of the Jarlskog Invariant and
location of the Solar and Atmospheric Resonances for Neutrino Oscillations in
Matter
2012.07186 [abs] [pdf]
[abstract]
by Stephen J. Parke.
The Jarlskog invariant which controls the size of intrinsic CP violation in
neutrino oscillation appearance experiments is modified by Wolfenstein matter
effects for neutrinos propagating in matter. In this paper we give the exact
factorization of Jarlskog invariant in matter into the vacuum Jarlskog
invariant times two, two-flavor matter resonance factors that control the
matter effects for the solar and atmospheric resonances independently. We
compare the location of the minima of the factorizing resonance factors with
the location of the solar and atmospheric resonances, precisely defined. They
are not identical but the fractional differences are both found to be less than
0.1\%. In addition, we explain why symmetry polynomials of the square of the
mass of the neutrino eigenvalues in matter, such as inverse of the square of
the Jarlskog invariant in matter, can be given as polynomials in the matter
potential.
- Review of Atmospheric Neutrino Results from Super-Kamiokande
2012.06864 [abs] [pdf]
[abstract]
by Volodymyr Takhistov.
While neutrino physics enters precision era, several important unknowns
remain. Atmospheric neutrinos allow to simultaneously test key oscillation
parameters, with Super-Kamiokande experiment playing a central role. We discuss
results from atmospheric neutrino oscillation analysis of the full dataset from
Super-Kamiokande I-IV phases. Further, we discuss tests of non-standard
neutrino interactions with atmospheric neutrinos in Super-Kamiokande.
- The spectra and composition of Ultra High Energy Cosmic Rays and the
measurement of the proton-air cross section
2012.06861 [abs] [pdf]
[abstract]
by Paolo Lipari.
The shape of the longitudinal development of the showers generated in the
atmosphere by very high energy cosmic ray particles encodes information about
the mass composition of the flux, and about the properties of hadronic
interactions that control the shower development. Studies of the energy
dependence of the average and width of the depth of maximum distribution of
showers with $E \gtrsim 10^{17.3}$ eV measured by the Pierre Auger Observatory,
suggest, on the basis of a comparison with current models, that the composition
of the cosmic ray flux undergoes a very important evolution, first becoming
lighter and then rapidly heavier. These conclusions, if confirmed, would have
profound and very surprising implications for our understanding of the high
energy astrophysical sources. Studies of the shape of the depth of maximum
distribution in the same energy range have been used by Auger and by the
Telescope Array Collaboration to measure the interaction length of protons in
air, a quantity that allows to estimate the $pp$ cross sections for values of
$\sqrt{s}$ well above the LHC range. In this paper we argue that it is
desirable to combine the studies of the cosmic ray composition with those aimed
at the measurement of the $p$--air cross section. The latter allow to obtain
estimates for the fraction of protons in the flux that can be of great help in
decoding the composition and its energy dependence. Studies that consider
multiple parameters to characterize the depth of maximum distributions also
offer the possibility to perform more sensitive tests of the validity of the
models used to describe high energy showers.
- Interference and Oscillation in Nambu Quantum Mechanics
2012.06583 [abs] [pdf]
[abstract]
by Djordje Minic, Tatsu Takeuchi, and Chia Hsiung Tze.
Nambu Quantum Mechanics, proposed in Phys. Lett. B536, 305 (2002), is a
deformation of canonical Quantum Mechanics in which only the time-evolution of
the "phases" of energy eigenstates is modified. We discuss the effect this
theory will have on oscillation phenomena, and place a bound on the deformation
parameters utilizing the data on the atmospheric neutrino mixing angle
$\theta_{23}$.
- Contribution of Secondary Neutrinos from Line-of-sight Cosmic Ray
Interactions to the IceCube Diffuse Astrophysical Flux
2012.05955 [abs] [pdf]
[abstract]
by Alina Kochocki, [and 3 more]Volodymyr Takhistov, Alexander Kusenko, and Nathan Whitehorn [hide authors].
In ten years of observations, the IceCube neutrino observatory has revealed a
neutrino sky in tension with previous expectations for neutrino point source
emissions. Astrophysical objects associated with hadronic processes might act
as production sites for neutrinos, observed as point sources at Earth. Instead,
a nearly isotropic flux of astrophysical neutrinos is observed up to PeV
energies, prompting a reassessment of the assumed transport and production
physics. This work applies a new physical explanation for neutrino production
from populations of active galactic nuclei (AGN) and starburst galaxies to
three years of public IceCube point source data. Specifically, cosmic rays
(CRs) produced at such sources might interact with extragalactic background
light and gas along the line of sight, generating a secondary neutrino flux.
This model is tested alongside a number of typical flux weighting schemes, in
all cases the all-sky flux contribution being constrained to percent levels of
the reported IceCube diffuse astrophysical flux.
- Invisible neutrino decay : First vs second oscillation maximum
2012.04958 [abs] [pdf]
[abstract]
by Kaustav Chakraborty, [and 3 more]Debajyoti Dutta, Srubabati Goswami, and Dipyaman Pramanik [hide authors].
We study the physics potential of the long-baseline experiments T2HK, T2HKK
and ESS$\nu$SB in the context of invisible neutrino decay. We consider normal
mass ordering and assume that the state $\nu_{3}$ as unstable, decaying into
sterile states during the flight and obtain constraints on the neutrino decay
lifetime ($\tau_3$). We find that T2HK, T2HKK and ESS$\nu$SB are sensitive to
the decay-rate of $\nu_{3}$ for $\tau_{3}/m_{3} \leq 2.72\times10^{-11}$s/eV,
$\tau_{3}/m_{3} \leq 4.36\times10^{-11}$s/eV and $\tau_{3}/m_{3} \leq
2.43\times10^{-11}$s/eV respectively at 3$\sigma$ C.L. We compare and contrast
the sensitivities of the three experiments and specially investigate the role
played by the mixing angle $\theta_{23}$. It is seen that for experiments with
flux peak near the second oscillation maxima, the poorer sensitivity to
$\theta_{23}$ results in weaker constraints on the decay lifetime. Although,
T2HKK has one detector close to the second oscillation maxima, having another
detector at the first oscillation maxima results in superior sensitivity to
decay. In addition, we find a synergy between the two baselines of the T2HKK
experiment which helps in giving a better sensitivity for $\theta_{23}$ in the
higher octant. We discuss the octant sensitivity in presence of decay and show
that there is an enhancement in sensitivity which occurs due to the
contribution from the survival probability $P_{\mu\mu}$ which is more
pronounced for the experiments at the second oscillation maxima. We also obtain
the combined sensitivity of T2HK+ESS$\nu$SB and T2HKK+ESS$\nu$SB as
$\tau_{3}/m_{3} \leq 4.36\times10^{-11}$s/eV and $\tau_{3}/m_{3} \leq
5.53\times10^{-11}$s/eV respectively at 3$\sigma$ C.L.
- Diophantine equations with sum of cubes and cube of sum
2012.04139 [abs] [pdf]
[abstract]
by Bogdan A. Dobrescu and Patrick J. Fox.
We solve Diophantine equations of the type $ \, a \, (x^3 + y^3 + z^3 ) = (x
+ y + z)^3$, where $x,y,z$ are integer variables, and the coefficient $a \neq
0$ is rational. We show that there are infinite families of such equations,
including those where $a$ is any ratio of cubes or certain rational fractions,
that have nontrivial solutions. There are also infinite families of equations
that do not have any nontrivial solution, including those where $1/a = 1 -
24/m$ with certain restrictions on the integer $m$. The equations can be
represented by elliptic curves unless $a = 9$ or 1. If $a$ is an integer and
two variables are equal and nonzero, there exist nontrivial solutions only for
$a=4$ or 9; there are no solutions for $a = 4$ when $xyz \neq 0$. Without
imposing constraints on the variables, we find the general solution for $a =
9$, which depends on two integer parameters. These cubic equations are
important in particle physics, because they determine the fermion charges under
the $U(1)$ gauge group.
- Leptonic Sum Rules from Flavour Models with Modular Symmetries
2012.04131 [abs] [pdf]
[abstract]
by Julia Gehrlein and Martin Spinrath.
Sum rules in the lepton sector provide an extremely valuable tool to classify
flavour models in terms of relations between neutrino masses and mixing
parameters testable in a plethora of experiments. In this manuscript we
identify new leptonic sum rules arising in models with modular symmetries with
residual symmetries. These models simultaneously present neutrino mass sum
rules, involving masses and Majorana phases, and mixing sum rules, connecting
the mixing angles and the Dirac CP-violating phase. The simultaneous appearance
of both types of sum rules leads to some non-trivial interplay, for instance,
the allowed absolute neutrino mass scale exhibits a dependence on the Dirac
CP-violating phase. We derive analytical expressions for these novel sum rules
and present their allowed parameter ranges as well as their predictions at
upcoming neutrino experiments.
- Search for solar electron anti-neutrinos due to spin-flavor precession
in the Sun with Super-Kamiokande-IV
2012.03807 [abs] [pdf]
[abstract]
by Super-Kamiokande Collaboration, [and 201 more]:, K. Abe, C. Bronner, Y. Hayato, M. Ikeda, S. Imaizumi, H. Ito, J. Kameda, Y. Kataoka, M. Miura, S. Moriyama, Y. Nagao, M. Nakahata, Y. Nakajima, S. Nakayama, T. Okada, K. Okamoto, A. Orii, G. Pronost, H. Sekiya, M. Shiozawa, Y. Sonoda, Y. Suzuki, A. Takeda, Y. Takemoto, A. Takenaka, H. Tanaka, T. Yano, R. Akutsu, S. Han, T. Kajita, K. Okumura, T. Tashiro, R. Wang, J. Xia, D. Bravo-Berguño, L. Labarga, Ll. Marti, B. Zaldivar, F. d. M. Blaszczyk, E. Kearns, J. L. Raaf, J. L. Stone, L. Wan, T. Wester, B. W. Pointin, J. Bian, N. J. Griskevich, W. R. Kropp, S. Locke, S. Mine, M. B. Smy, H. W. Sobel, V. Takhistov, P. Weatherly, J. Hill, J. Y. Kim, I. T. Lim, R. G. Park, B. Bodur, K. Scholberg, C. W. Walter, L. Bernard, A. Coffani, O. Drapier, S. El Hedri, A. Giampaolo, M. Gonin, Th. A. Mueller, P. Paganini, B. Quilain, T. Ishizuka, T. Nakamura, J. S. Jang, J. G. Learned, L. H. V. Anthony, A. A. Sztuc, Y. Uchida, V. Berardi, M. G. Catanesi, E. Radicioni, N. F. Calabria, L. N. Machado, G. De Rosa, G. Collazuol, F. Iacob, M. Lamoureux, N. Ospina, L. Ludovici, Y. Nishimura, S. Cao, M. Friend, T. Hasegawa, T. Ishida, M. Jakkapu, T. Kobayashi, T. Matsubara, T. Nakadaira, K. Nakamura, Y. Oyama, K. Sakashita, T. Sekiguchi, T. Tsukamoto, Y. Nakano, T. Shiozawa, A. T. Suzuki, Y. Takeuchi, S. Yamamoto, A. Ali, Y. Ashida, J. Feng, S. Hirota, A. K. Ichikawa, T. Kikawa, M. Mori, T. Nakaya, R. A. Wendell, Y. Yasutome, P. Fernandez, N. McCauley, P. Mehta, A. Pritchard, K. M. Tsui, Y. Fukuda, Y. Itow, H. Menjo, T. Niwa, K. Sato, M. Tsukada, P. Mijakowski, C. K. Jung, C. Vilela, M. J. Wilking, C. Yanagisawa, M. Harada, K. Hagiwara, T. Horai, H. Ishino, S. Ito, Y. Koshio, W. Ma, N. Piplani, S. Sakai, Y. Kuno, G. Barr, D. Barrow, L. Cook, A. Goldsack, S. Samani, C. Simpson, D. Wark, F. Nova, T. Boschi, F. Di Lodovico, M. Taani, J. Migenda, S. Molina Sedgwick, S. Zsoldos, J. Y. Yang, S. J. Jenkins, M. Malek, J. M. McElwee, O. Stone, M. D. Thiesse, L. F. Thompson, H. Okazawa, S. B. Kim, I. Yu, K. Nishijima, M. Koshiba, K. Iwamoto, N. Ogawa, M. Yokoyama, K. Martens, M. R. Vagins, S. Izumiyama, M. Kuze, M. Tanaka, T. Yoshida, M. Inomoto, M. Ishitsuka, R. Matsumoto, K. Ohta, M. Shinoki, J. F. Martin, H. A. Tanaka, T. Towstego, M. Hartz, A. Konaka, P. de Perio, N. W. Prouse, S. Chen, B. D. Xu, B. Richards, B. Jamieson, J. Walker, A. Minamino, K. Okamoto, G. Pintaudi, R. Sasaki, and M. Posiadala-Zezula [hide authors].
Due to a very low production rate of electron anti-neutrinos ($\bar{\nu}_e$)
via nuclear fusion in the Sun, we expect to see $\bar{\nu}_e$ from other
contribution. An appearance of $\bar{\nu}_e$ in solar neutrino flux opens a new
window for the new physics beyond the standard model. In particular, a
spin-flavor precession process is expected to convert an electron neutrino into
an electron anti-neutrino (${\nu_e\to\bar{\nu}_e}$) if neutrino has a finite
magnetic moment. In this work, we have searched for solar $\bar{\nu}_e$ in the
Super-Kamiokande experiment, using neutron tagging to identify their inverse
beta decay signature. We identified 78 $\bar{\nu}_e$ candidates for neutrino
energies of 9.3 to 17.3 MeV in 2970.1 live days with a fiducial volume of 22.5
kiloton water (183.0 kton$\cdot$year exposure). The energy spectrum has been
consistent with background predictions and we thus derived a 90\% confidence
level upper limit of ${3.6\times10^{-4}}$ on the $\nu_e\to\bar{\nu}_e$
conversion probability in the Sun. We used this result to evaluate the
sensitivity of future experiments, notably the Super-Kamiokande Gadolinium
(SK-Gd) upgrade.
- Significance of Composition-Dependent Effects in Fifth-Force Searches
2012.02862 [abs] [pdf]
[abstract]
by Ephraim Fischbach, [and 5 more]John T. Gruenwald, Dennis E. Krause, Megan H. McDuffie, Michael J. Mueterthies, and Carol Y. Scarlett [hide authors].
Indications of a possible composition-dependent fifth force, based on a
reanalysis of the E\"{o}tv\"{o}s experiment, have not been supported by a
number of modern experiments. Here, we argue that searching for a
composition-dependent fifth force necessarily requires data from experiments in
which the acceleration differences of three or more independent pairs of test
samples of varying composition are determined. We suggest that a new round of
fifth-force experiments is called for, in each of which three or more different
pairs of samples are compared.
- Search for Coherent Elastic Scattering of Solar $^8$B Neutrinos in the
XENON1T Dark Matter Experiment
2012.02846 [abs] [pdf]
[abstract]
by E. Aprile, [and 137 more]J. Aalbers, F. Agostini, S. Ahmed Maouloud, M. Alfonsi, L. Althueser, F. D. Amaro, S. Andaloro, V. C. Antochi, E. Angelino, J. R. Angevaare, F. Arneodo, L. Baudis, B. Bauermeister, L. Bellagamba, M. L. Benabderrahmane, A. Brown, E. Brown, S. Bruenner, G. Bruno, R. Budnik, C. Capelli, J. M. R. Cardoso, D. Cichon, B. Cimmino, M. Clark, D. Coderre, A. P. Colijn, J. Conrad, J. Cuenca, J. P. Cussonneau, M. P. Decowski, A. Depoian, P. Di Gangi, A. Di Giovanni, R. Di Stefano, S. Diglio, A. Elykov, A. D. Ferella, W. Fulgione, P. Gaemers, R. Gaior, M. Galloway, F. Gao, L. Grandi, C. Hils, K. Hiraide, L. Hoetzsch, J. Howlett, M. Iacovacci, Y. Itow, F. Joerg, N. Kato, S. Kazama, M. Kobayashi, G. Koltman, A. Kopec, H. Landsman, R. F. Lang, L. Levinson, S. Liang, S. Lindemann, M. Lindner, F. Lombardi, J. Long, J. A. M. Lopes, Y. Ma, C. Macolino, J. Mahlstedt, A. Mancuso, L. Manenti, A. Manfredini, F. Marignetti, T. Marrodán Undagoitia, K. Martens, J. Masbou, D. Masson, S. Mastroianni, M. Messina, K. Miuchi, K. Mizukoshi, A. Molinario, K. Morå, S. Moriyama, Y. Mosbacher, M. Murra, J. Naganoma, K. Ni, U. Oberlack, K. Odgers, J. Palacio, B. Pelssers, R. Peres, M. Pierre, J. Pienaar, V. Pizzella, G. Plante, J. Qi, J. Qin, D. Ramírez García, S. Reichard, A. Rocchetti, N. Rupp, J. M. F. dos Santos, G. Sartorelli, J. Schreiner, D. Schulte, H. Schulze Eißing, M. Schumann, L. Scotto Lavina, M. Selvi, F. Semeria, P. Shagin, E. Shockley, M. Silva, H. Simgen, A. Takeda, C. Therreau, D. Thers, F. Toschi, G. Trinchero, C. Tunnell, K. Valerius, M. Vargas, G. Volta, Y. Wei, C. Weinheimer, M. Weiss, D. Wenz, C. Wittweg, T. Wolf, Z. Xu, M. Yamashita, J. Ye, G. Zavattini, Y. Zhang, T. Zhu, and J. P. Zopounidis [hide authors].
We report on a search for nuclear recoil signals from solar $^8$B neutrinos
elastically scattering off xenon nuclei in XENON1T data, lowering the energy
threshold from 2.6 keV to 1.6 keV. We develop a variety of novel techniques to
limit the resulting increase in backgrounds near the threshold. No significant
$^8$B neutrino-like excess is found in an exposure of 0.6 t $\times$ y. For the
first time, we use the non-detection of solar neutrinos to constrain the light
yield from 1-2 keV nuclear recoils in liquid xenon, as well as non-standard
neutrino-quark interactions. Finally, we improve upon world-leading constraints
on dark matter-nucleus interactions for dark matter masses between 3 GeV/c$^2$
and 11 GeV/c$^2$ by as much as an order of magnitude.
- Prospects of detecting the reactor $\bar{ν_e}$-Ar coherent elastic
scattering with a low threshold dual-phase argon time projection chamber at
Taishan
2012.00966 [abs] [pdf]
[abstract]
by Yu-Ting Wei, [and 9 more]Meng-Yun Guan, Jin-Chang Liu, Ze-Yuan Yu, Chang-Gen Yang, Cong Guo, Wei-Xing Xiong, You-Yu Gan, Qin Zhao, and Jia-Jun Li [hide authors].
We propose to measure the coherent elastic neutrino nucleus scattering
(CE$\nu$NS) using a dual-phase liquid argon time projection chamber (TPC) with
200kg fiducial mass. The detector is expected to be adjacent to the JUNO-TAO
experiment and to be about 35m from a reactor core with 4.6GW thermal power at
Taishan. The antineutrino flux is approximately
6$\times10^{12}$cm$^{-1}$s$^{-1}$ at this location, leading to more than 11,000
coherent scattering events per day in the fiducial mass. However, the nuclear
recoil energies concentrate in the sub-keV region, corresponding to less than
ten ionisation electrons in the liquid argon. The detection of several
ionisation electrons can be achieved in the dual-phase TPC due to the large
amplification in the gas region. With a feasible detection threshold of four
ionisation electrons, the signal rate is 955 per day. The detector is designed
to be shielded well from cosmogenic backgrounds and ambient radioactivities to
reach a 16% background-to-signal ratio in the energy region of interest. With
the large CE$\nu$NS sample, the expected sensitivity of measuring the weak
mixing angle $\sin^{2}\theta_{W}$, and of limiting the neutrino magnetic moment
are discussed. In addition, a synergy between the reactor antineutrino
CE$\nu$NS experiment and the dark matter experiment is foreseen.
November 2020
- Non-standard interactions in SMEFT confronted with terrestrial neutrino
experiments
2011.14292 [abs] [pdf]
[abstract]
by Yong Du, [and 4 more]Hao-Lin Li, Jian Tang, Sampsa Vihonen, and Jiang-Hao Yu [hide authors].
The Standard Model Effective Field Theory (SMEFT) provides a systematic and
model-independent framework to study neutrino non-standard interactions (NSIs).
We study the constraining power of the on-going neutrino oscillation
experiments T2K, NO$\nu$A, Daya Bay, Double Chooz and RENO in the SMEFT
framework. A full consideration of matching is provided between different
effective field theories and the renormalization group running at different
scales, filling the gap between the low-energy neutrino oscillation experiments
and SMEFT at the UV scale. We first illustrate our method with a top-down
approach in a simplified scalar leptoquark model, showing more stringent
constraints from the neutrino oscillation experiments compared to collider
studies. We then provide a bottom-up study on individual dimension-6 SMEFT
operators and find NSIs in neutrino experiments already sensitive to new
physics at $\sim$20 TeV when the Wilson coefficients are fixed at unity. We
also investigate the correlation among multiple operators at the UV scale and
find it could change the constraints on SMEFT operators by several orders of
magnitude compared with when only one operator is considered. Furthermore, we
find that accelerator and reactor neutrino experiments are sensitive to
different SMEFT operators, which highlights the complementarity of the two
experiment types.
- Probing UHECR production in Centaurus A using secondary neutrinos and
gamma-rays
2011.13984 [abs] [pdf]
[abstract]
by Cainã de Oliveira and Vitor de Souza.
In this paper the production of neutrinos and photons by ultra high energy
cosmic rays (UHECR) interacting with the extragalactic background radiation is
studied. Centaurus A is assumed as the prime source of UHECR and the
possibility to identify this source by detecting the secondary neutrinos and
photons produced in the propagation is investigated. Fifteen astrophysical
models regarding three extragalactic magnetic fields (EGMF) and five
composition abundances are simulated. The results show that the possibility of
detection depends highly on the astrophysical model considered, specially the
intensity of the magnetic field. The flux and arrival direction are
investigated. The possibility to detected Cen A as a point source and the
potentiality for an anisotropic signal are evaluated. For some combinations of
EGMF and composition, Cen A could be identified by future experiments by the
detection of secondary neutrinos in the energy range from $10^{14}$ to
$10^{17}$ eV.
- UHECR mass composition at highest energies from anisotropy of their
arrival directions
2011.11590 [abs] [pdf]
[abstract]
by M. Yu. Kuznetsov and P. G. Tinyakov.
We propose a new method for the estimation of ultra-high energy cosmic ray
(UHECR) mass composition from a distribution of their arrival directions. The
method employs a test statistic (TS) based on a characteristic deflection of
UHECR events with respect to the distribution of luminous matter in the local
Universe. Making realistic simulations of the mock UHECR sets, we show that
this TS is robust to the presence of regular Galactic magnetic field and
sensitive to the mass composition of events in a set. This allows one to
constrain the UHECR mass composition by comparing the TS distribution of a
composition model in question with the data TS, and to discriminate between
different composition models. While the statistical power of the method depends
somewhat on the GMF parameters, this dependence decreases with the growth of
statistics. The method shows good performance even at GZK energies where the
estimation of UHCER mass composition with traditional methods is complicated by
a low statistics.
- Flavor Triangle of the Diffuse Supernova Neutrino Background
2011.10933 [abs] [pdf]
[abstract]
by Zahra Tabrizi and Shunsaku Horiuchi.
Although Galactic core-collapse supernovae (SNe) only happen a few times per
century, every hour a vast number of explosions happen in the whole universe,
emitting energy in the form of neutrinos, resulting in the diffuse supernova
neutrino background (DSNB). The DSNB has not yet been detected, but
Super-Kamiokande doped with gadolinium is expected to yield the first
statistically significant observation within the next several years. Since the
neutrinos produced at the core collapse undergo mixing during their propagation
to Earth, the flavor content at detection is a test of oscillation physics. In
this paper, we estimate the expected DSNB data at the DUNE, Hyper-K and JUNO
experiments which when combined are sensitive to all different neutrino
flavors. We determine how well the flavor content of the DSNB will be
reconstructed in the future, for a Mikheyev-Smirnov-Wolfenstein (MSW) scenario
as well as a neutrino decay scenario. A large fraction of the flavor space will
be excluded, but the heavy-lepton neutrino flux remains a challenge.
- A novel approach for the study of CEvNS
2011.10230 [abs] [pdf]
[abstract]
by A. Galindo-Uribarri, O. G. Miranda, and G. Sanchez Garcia.
We propose the use of isotopically highly enriched detectors for the precise
study of coherent-elastic neutrino-nucleus scattering (CEvNS). CEvNS has been
measured for the first time in CsI and recently confirmed with a liquid argon
detector. It is expected that several new experimental setups will measure this
process with increasing accuracy. Taking Ge detectors as a working example, we
demonstrate that a combination of different isotopes is an excellent option to
probe, for instance, the dominant quadratic dependence on the number of
neutrons, $N$, that is predicted by the theoretical models. This is only an
example, but the scheme has much more general applicability. Experiments based
on the new approach can make a simultaneous differential CEvNS measurements
with detectors of different isotopic composition. Particular combination of
observables could be used to cancel systematic errors.
- Superradiance Exclusions in the Landscape of Type IIB String Theory
2011.08693 [abs] [pdf]
[abstract]
by Viraf M. Mehta, [and 5 more]Mehmet Demirtas, Cody Long, David J. E. Marsh, Liam McAllister, and Matthew J. Stott [hide authors].
We obtain constraints from black hole superradiance in an ensemble of
compactifications of type IIB string theory. The constraints require knowing
only the axion masses and self-interactions, and are insensitive to the
cosmological model. We study more than $10^5$ Calabi-Yau manifolds with Hodge
numbers $1\leq h^{1,1}\leq 491$ and compute the axion spectrum at two reference
points in moduli space for each geometry. Our computation of the classical
theory is explicit, while for the instanton-generated axion potential we use a
conservative model. The measured properties of astrophysical black holes
exclude parts of our dataset. At the point in moduli space corresponding to the
tip of the stretched K\"{a}hler cone, we exclude $\approx 40\%$ of manifolds in
our sample at 95% C.L., while further inside the K\"{a}hler cone, at an
extremal point for realising the Standard Model, we exclude a maximum of
$\approx 11\%$ of manifolds at $h^{1,1}=5$, falling to nearly zero by
$h^{1,1}=100$.
- Neutrino amplitude decomposition in matter
2011.08415 [abs] [pdf]
[abstract]
by Hisakazu Minakata.
Observation of the interference between the atmospheric-scale and solar-scale
oscillations is one of the challenging and tantalizing goals of the ongoing and
upcoming neutrino experiments. An inevitable first step required for such
analyses is to establish the way of how the oscillation $S$ matrix can be
decomposed into the atmospheric and solar waves, the procedure dubbed as the
amplitude decomposition. In this paper, with use of the perturbative framework
proposed by Denton et al. (DMP), we establish the prescription for amplitude
decomposition which covers the whole kinematical region of the terrestrial
neutrino experiments. We analyze the limits to the atmospheric- and
solar-resonance regions to argue that the dynamical two modes of the DMP
decomposition can be interpreted as the matter-dressed atmospheric and solar
oscillations. The expressions of the oscillation probability, which are
decomposed into the non-interference and interference terms, are derived for
all the relevant flavor oscillation channels. Through construction of the DMP
decomposition, we reveal the nature of $\psi$ ($\theta_{12}$ in matter)
symmetry as due to the $S$ matrix rephasing invariance. A new picture of the
DMP perturbation theory emerged, a unified perturbative framework for neutrino
oscillation in earth matter.
- Summary of the NuSTEC Workshop on Neutrino-Nucleus Pion Production in
the Resonance Region
2011.07166 [abs] [pdf]
[abstract]
by L. Aliaga, [and 22 more]A. Ashkenazi, C. Bronner, J. Calcutt, D. Cherdack, K. Duffy, S. Dytman, N. Jachowicz, M. Kabirnezhad, K. Kuzmin, G. A. Miller, T. Le, J. G. Morfin, U. Mosel, J. Nieves, K. Niewczas, A. Nikolakopoulos, J. Nowak, J. Paley, G. Pawloski, T. Sato, L. Weinstein, and C. Wret [hide authors].
The NuSTEC workshop held at the University of Pittsburgh in October 2019
brought theorists and experimentalists together to discuss the state of
modeling and measurements related to pion production in neutrino-nucleus
scattering in the kinematic region where pions are produced through both
resonant and non-resonant mechanisms. Modeling of this region is of critical
importance to the current and future accelerator- and atmospheric-based
neutrino oscillation experiments. For the benefit of the community, links to
the presentations are accompanied by annotations from the speakers highlighting
significant points made during the presentations and resulting discussions.
- Constraints on ultralight scalar bosons within black hole spin
measurements from LIGO-Virgo's GWTC-2
2011.06010 [abs] [pdf]
[abstract]
by Ken K. Y. Ng, [and 3 more]Salvatore Vitale, Otto A. Hannuksela, and Tjonnie G. F. Li [hide authors].
Clouds of ultralight bosons - such as axions - can form around a rapidly
spinning black hole, if the black hole radius is comparable to the bosons'
wavelength. The cloud rapidly extracts angular momentum from the black hole,
and reduces it to a characteristic value that depends on the boson's mass as
well as on the black hole mass and spin. Therefore, a measurement of a black
hole mass and spin can be used to reveal or exclude the existence of such
bosons. Using the black holes released by LIGO and Virgo in their GWTC-2, we
perform a simultaneous measurement of the black hole spin distribution at
formation and the mass of the scalar boson. We find that the data strongly
disfavors the existence of scalar bosons in the mass range between
$1.3\times10^{-13}~\mathrm{eV}$ and $2.7\times10^{-13}~\mathrm{eV}$ for a decay
constant $f_a\gtrsim 10^{14}~\mathrm{GeV}$. The statistical evidence is mostly
driven by the two {binary black holes} systems GW190412 and GW190517, which
host rapidly spinning black holes. The region where bosons are excluded narrows
down if these two systems merged shortly ($\sim 10^5$ years) after the black
holes formed.
- Flavor-dependent radiative corrections in coherent elastic
neutrino-nucleus scattering
2011.05960 [abs] [pdf]
[abstract]
by Oleksandr Tomalak, [and 3 more]Pedro Machado, Vishvas Pandey, and Ryan Plestid [hide authors].
We calculate coherent elastic neutrino-nucleus scattering cross sections on
spin-0 nuclei (e.g. $^{40}$Ar and $^{28}$Si) at energies below 100 MeV within
the Standard Model and account for all effects of permille size. We provide a
complete error budget including uncertainties at nuclear, nucleon, hadronic,
and quark levels separately as well as perturbative error. Our calculation
starts from the four-fermion effective field theory to explicitly separate
heavy-particle mediated corrections (which are absorbed by Wilson coefficients)
from light-particle contributions. Electrons and muons running in loops
introduce a nontrivial dependence on the momentum transfer due to their
relatively light masses. These same loops, and those mediated by tau leptons,
break the flavor universality because of mass-dependent electromagnetic
radiative corrections. Nuclear physics uncertainties significantly cancel in
flavor asymmetries resulting in subpercent relative errors. We find that for
low neutrino energies, the cross section can be predicted with a relative
precision that is competitive with neutrino-electron scattering. We highlight
potentially useful applications of such a precise cross section prediction
ranging from precision tests of the Standard Model, to searches for new physics
and to the monitoring of nuclear reactors.
- Search for sub-TeV neutrino emission from transient sources with three
years of IceCube data
2011.05096 [abs] [pdf]
[abstract]
by R. Abbasi, [and 362 more]M. Ackermann, J. Adams, J. A. Aguilar, M. Ahlers, M. Ahrens, C. Alispach, A. A. Alves Jr., N. M. Amin, K. Andeen, T. Anderson, I. Ansseau, G. Anton, C. Argüelles, S. Axani, X. Bai, A. Balagopal V., A. Barbano, S. W. Barwick, B. Bastian, V. Basu, V. Baum, S. Baur, R. Bay, J. J. Beatty, K. -H. Becker, J. Becker Tjus, C. Bellenghi, S. BenZvi, D. Berley, E. Bernardini, D. Z. Besson, G. Binder, D. Bindig, E. Blaufuss, S. Blot, S. Böser, O. Botner, J. Böttcher, E. Bourbeau, J. Bourbeau, F. Bradascio, J. Braun, S. Bron, J. Brostean-Kaiser, A. Burgman, R. S. Busse, M. A. Campana, C. Chen, D. Chirkin, S. Choi, B. A. Clark, K. Clark, L. Classen, A. Coleman, G. H. Collin, J. M. Conrad, P. Coppin, P. Correa, D. F. Cowen, R. Cross, P. Dave, C. De Clercq, J. J. DeLaunay, H. Dembinski, K. Deoskar, S. De Ridder, A. Desai, P. Desiati, K. D. de Vries, G. de Wasseige, M. de With, T. DeYoung, S. Dharani, A. Diaz, J. C. Díaz-Vélez, H. Dujmovic, M. Dunkman, M. A. DuVernois, E. Dvorak, T. Ehrhardt, P. Eller, R. Engel, J. Evans, P. A. Evenson, S. Fahey, A. R. Fazely, S. Fiedlschuster, A. T. Fienberg, K. Filimonov, C. Finley, L. Fischer, D. Fox, A. Franckowiak, E. Friedman, A. Fritz, P. Fürst, T. K. Gaisser, J. Gallagher, E. Ganster, S. Garrappa, L. Gerhardt, A. Ghadimi, T. Glauch, T. Glüsenkamp, A. Goldschmidt, J. G. Gonzalez, S. Goswami, D. Grant, T. Grégoire, Z. Griffith, S. Griswold, M. Gündüz, C. Haack, A. Hallgren, R. Halliday, L. Halve, F. Halzen, M. Ha Minh, K. Hanson, J. Hardin, A. Haungs, S. Hauser, D. Hebecker, K. Helbing, F. Henningsen, S. Hickford, J. Hignight, C. Hill, G. C. Hill, K. D. Hoffman, R. Hoffmann, T. Hoinka, B. Hokanson-Fasig, K. Hoshina, F. Huang, M. Huber, T. Huber, K. Hultqvist, M. Hünnefeld, R. Hussain, S. In, N. Iovine, A. Ishihara, M. Jansson, G. S. Japaridze, M. Jeong, B. J. P. Jones, R. Joppe, D. Kang, W. Kang, X. Kang, A. Kappes, D. Kappesser, T. Karg, M. Karl, A. Karle, U. Katz, M. Kauer, M. Kellermann, J. L. Kelley, A. Kheirandish, J. Kim, K. Kin, T. Kintscher, J. Kiryluk, S. R. Klein, R. Koirala, H. Kolanoski, L. Köpke, C. Kopper, S. Kopper, D. J. Koskinen, P. Koundal, M. Kovacevich, M. Kowalski, K. Krings, G. Krückl, N. Kurahashi, A. Kyriacou, C. Lagunas Gualda, J. L. Lanfranchi, M. J. Larson, F. Lauber, J. P. Lazar, K. Leonard, A. Leszczyńska, Y. Li, Q. R. Liu, E. Lohfink, C. J. Lozano Mariscal, L. Lu, F. Lucarelli, A. Ludwig, W. Luszczak, Y. Lyu, W. Y. Ma, J. Madsen, K. B. M. Mahn, Y. Makino, P. Mallik, S. Mancina, I. C. Mariş, R. Maruyama, K. Mase, F. McNally, K. Meagher, M. Medici, A. Medina, M. Meier, S. Meighen-Berger, J. Merz, J. Micallef, D. Mockler, G. Momenté, T. Montaruli, R. W. Moore, R. Morse, M. Moulai, R. Naab, R. Nagai, U. Naumann, J. Necker, G. Neer, L. V. Nguyên, M. L. Nielsen, H. Niederhausen, M. U. Nisa, S. C. Nowicki, D. R. Nygren, A. Obertacke Pollmann, M. Oehler, A. Olivas, E. O'Sullivan, H. Pandya, D. V. Pankova, N. Park, G. K. Parker, E. N. Paudel, P. Peiffer, C. Pérez de los Heros, S. Philippen, D. Pieloth, S. Pieper, A. Pizzuto, M. Plum, Y. Popovych, A. Porcelli, M. Prado Rodriguez, P. B. Price, G. T. Przybylski, C. Raab, A. Raissi, M. Rameez, K. Rawlins, I. C. Rea, A. Rehman, R. Reimann, M. Renschler, G. Renzi, E. Resconi, S. Reusch, W. Rhode, M. Richman, B. Riedel, S. Robertson, G. Roellinghoff, M. Rongen, C. Rott, T. Ruhe, D. Ryckbosch, D. Rysewyk Cantu, I. Safa, S. E. Sanchez Herrera, A. Sandrock, J. Sandroos, M. Santander, S. Sarkar, S. Sarkar, K. Satalecka, M. Scharf, M. Schaufel, H. Schieler, P. Schlunder, T. Schmidt, A. Schneider, J. Schneider, F. G. Schröder, L. Schumacher, S. Sclafani, D. Seckel, S. Seunarine, S. Shefali, M. Silva, B. Smithers, R. Snihur, J. Soedingrekso, D. Soldin, G. M. Spiczak, C. Spiering, J. Stachurska, M. Stamatikos, T. Stanev, R. Stein, J. Stettner, A. Steuer, T. Stezelberger, R. G. Stokstad, N. L. Strotjohann, T. Stuttard, G. W. Sullivan, I. Taboada, F. Tenholt, S. Ter-Antonyan, S. Tilav, F. Tischbein, K. Tollefson, L. Tomankova, C. Tönnis, S. Toscano, D. Tosi, A. Trettin, M. Tselengidou, C. F. Tung, A. Turcati, R. Turcotte, C. F. Turley, J. P. Twagirayezu, B. Ty, E. Unger, M. A. Unland Elorrieta, J. Vandenbroucke, D. van Eijk, N. van Eijndhoven, D. Vannerom, J. van Santen, S. Verpoest, M. Vraeghe, C. Walck, A. Wallace, T. B. Watson, C. Weaver, A. Weindl, M. J. Weiss, J. Weldert, C. Wendt, J. Werthebach, M. Weyrauch, B. J. Whelan, N. Whitehorn, K. Wiebe, C. H. Wiebusch, D. R. Williams, M. Wolf, K. Woschnagg, G. Wrede, J. Wulff, X. W. Xu, Y. Xu, J. P. Yanez, S. Yoshida, T. Yuan, and Z. Zhang [hide authors].
Since the discovery of a flux of high-energy astrophysical neutrinos,
searches for their origins have focused primarily at TeV-PeV energies. Compared
to sub-TeV searches, high-energy searches benefit from an increase in the
neutrino cross section, improved angular resolution on the neutrino direction,
and a reduced background from atmospheric neutrinos and muons. However, the
focus on high energy does not preclude the existence of sub-TeV neutrino
emission where IceCube retains sensitivity. Here we present the first
all-flavor search from IceCube for transient emission of low-energy neutrinos,
between 1-100 GeV using three years of data obtained with the IceCube-DeepCore
detector. We find no evidence of transient neutrino emission in the data, thus
leading to a constraint on the volumetric rate of astrophysical transient
sources in the range of $\sim 705-2301\, \text{Gpc}^{-3}\, \text{yr}^{-1}$ for
sources following a subphotospheric energy spectrum with a mean energy of 100
GeV and a bolometric energy of $10^{52}$ erg.
- Measurement of the high-energy all-flavor neutrino-nucleon cross section
with IceCube
2011.03560 [abs] [pdf]
[abstract]
by R. Abbasi, [and 364 more]M. Ackermann, J. Adams, J. A. Aguilar, M. Ahlers, M. Ahrens, C. Alispach, A. A. Alves Jr., N. M. Amin, K. Andeen, T. Anderson, I. Ansseau, G. Anton, C. Argüelles, S. Axani, X. Bai, A. Balagopal V., A. Barbano, S. W. Barwick, B. Bastian, V. Basu, V. Baum, S. Baur, R. Bay, J. J. Beatty, K. -H. Becker, J. Becker Tjus, C. Bellenghi, S. BenZvi, D. Berley, E. Bernardini, D. Z. Besson, G. Binder, D. Bindig, E. Blaufuss, S. Blot, S. Böser, O. Botner, J. Böttcher, E. Bourbeau, J. Bourbeau, F. Bradascio, J. Braun, S. Bron, J. Brostean-Kaiser, A. Burgman, R. S. Busse, M. A. Campana, C. Chen, D. Chirkin, S. Choi, B. A. Clark, K. Clark, L. Classen, A. Coleman, G. H. Collin, J. M. Conrad, P. Coppin, P. Correa, D. F. Cowen, R. Cross, P. Dave, C. De Clercq, J. J. DeLaunay, H. Dembinski, K. Deoskar, S. De Ridder, A. Desai, P. Desiati, K. D. de Vries, G. de Wasseige, M. de With, T. DeYoung, S. Dharani, A. Diaz, J. C. Díaz-Vélez, H. Dujmovic, M. Dunkman, M. A. DuVernois, E. Dvorak, T. Ehrhardt, P. Eller, R. Engel, J. Evans, P. A. Evenson, S. Fahey, A. R. Fazely, S. Fiedlschuster, A. T. Fienberg, K. Filimonov, C. Finley, L. Fischer, D. Fox, A. Franckowiak, E. Friedman, A. Fritz, P. Fürst, T. K. Gaisser, J. Gallagher, E. Ganster, S. Garrappa, L. Gerhardt, A. Ghadimi, T. Glauch, T. Glüsenkamp, A. Goldschmidt, J. G. Gonzalez, S. Goswami, D. Grant, T. Grégoire, Z. Griffith, S. Griswold, M. Gündüz, C. Haack, A. Hallgren, R. Halliday, L. Halve, F. Halzen, M. Ha Minh, K. Hanson, J. Hardin, A. Haungs, S. Hauser, D. Hebecker, K. Helbing, F. Henningsen, S. Hickford, J. Hignight, C. Hill, G. C. Hill, K. D. Hoffman, R. Hoffmann, T. Hoinka, B. Hokanson-Fasig, K. Hoshina, F. Huang, M. Huber, T. Huber, K. Hultqvist, M. Hünnefeld, R. Hussain, S. In, N. Iovine, A. Ishihara, M. Jansson, G. S. Japaridze, M. Jeong, B. J. P. Jones, R. Joppe, D. Kang, W. Kang, X. Kang, A. Kappes, D. Kappesser, T. Karg, M. Karl, A. Karle, U. Katz, M. Kauer, M. Kellermann, J. L. Kelley, A. Kheirandish, J. Kim, K. Kin, T. Kintscher, J. Kiryluk, S. R. Klein, R. Koirala, H. Kolanoski, L. Köpke, C. Kopper, S. Kopper, D. J. Koskinen, P. Koundal, M. Kovacevich, M. Kowalski, K. Krings, G. Krückl, N. Kulacz, N. Kurahashi, A. Kyriacou, C. Lagunas Gualda, J. L. Lanfranchi, M. J. Larson, F. Lauber, J. P. Lazar, K. Leonard, A. Leszczyńska, Y. Li, Q. R. Liu, E. Lohfink, C. J. Lozano Mariscal, L. Lu, F. Lucarelli, A. Ludwig, W. Luszczak, Y. Lyu, W. Y. Ma, J. Madsen, K. B. M. Mahn, Y. Makino, P. Mallik, S. Mancina, I. C. Mariş, R. Maruyama, K. Mase, F. McNally, K. Meagher, A. Medina, M. Meier, S. Meighen-Berger, J. Merz, J. Micallef, D. Mockler, G. Momenté, T. Montaruli, R. W. Moore, R. Morse, M. Moulai, R. Naab, R. Nagai, U. Naumann, J. Necker, G. Neer, L. V. Nguyen, H. Niederhausen, M. U. Nisa, S. C. Nowicki, D. R. Nygren, A. Obertacke Pollmann, M. Oehler, A. Olivas, E. O'Sullivan, H. Pandya, D. V. Pankova, N. Park, G. K. Parker, E. N. Paudel, P. Peiffer, C. Pérez de los Heros, S. Philippen, D. Pieloth, S. Pieper, A. Pizzuto, M. Plum, Y. Popovych, A. Porcelli, M. Prado Rodriguez, P. B. Price, G. T. Przybylski, C. Raab, A. Raissi, M. Rameez, K. Rawlins, I. C. Rea, A. Rehman, R. Reimann, M. Renschler, G. Renzi, E. Resconi, S. Reusch, W. Rhode, M. Richman, B. Riedel, S. Robertson, G. Roellinghoff, M. Rongen, C. Rott, T. Ruhe, D. Ryckbosch, D. Rysewyk Cantu, I. Safa, S. E. Sanchez Herrera, A. Sandrock, J. Sandroos, M. Santander, S. Sarkar, S. Sarkar, K. Satalecka, M. Scharf, M. Schaufel, H. Schieler, P. Schlunder, T. Schmidt, A. Schneider, J. Schneider, F. G. Schröder, L. Schumacher, S. Sclafani, D. Seckel, S. Seunarine, S. Shefali, M. Silva, B. Smithers, R. Snihur, J. Soedingrekso, D. Soldin, G. M. Spiczak, C. Spiering, J. Stachurska, M. Stamatikos, T. Stanev, R. Stein, J. Stettner, A. Steuer, T. Stezelberger, R. G. Stokstad, N. L. Strotjohann, T. Stuttard, G. W. Sullivan, I. Taboada, F. Tenholt, S. Ter-Antonyan, S. Tilav, F. Tischbein, K. Tollefson, L. Tomankova, C. Tönnis, S. Toscano, D. Tosi, A. Trettin, M. Tselengidou, C. F. Tung, A. Turcati, R. Turcotte, C. F. Turley, J. P. Twagirayezu, B. Ty, E. Unger, M. A. Unland Elorrieta, M. Usner, J. Vandenbroucke, D. van Eijk, N. van Eijndhoven, D. Vannerom, J. van Santen, S. Verpoest, M. Vraeghe, C. Walck, A. Wallace, N. Wandkowsky, T. B. Watson, C. Weaver, A. Weindl, M. J. Weiss, J. Weldert, C. Wendt, J. Werthebach, M. Weyrauch, B. J. Whelan, N. Whitehorn, K. Wiebe, C. H. Wiebusch, D. R. Williams, M. Wolf, T. R. Wood, K. Woschnagg, G. Wrede, J. Wulff, X. W. Xu, Y. Xu, J. P. Yanez, S. Yoshida, T. Yuan, and Z. Zhang [hide authors].
The flux of high-energy neutrinos passing through the Earth is attenuated due
to their interactions with matter. The interaction rate is modulated by the
neutrino interaction cross section and affects the flux arriving at the IceCube
Neutrino Observatory, a cubic-kilometer neutrino detector embedded in the
Antarctic ice sheet. We present a measurement of the neutrino cross section
between 60 TeV and 10 PeV using the high-energy starting events (HESE) sample
from IceCube with 7.5 years of data. The result is binned in neutrino energy
and obtained using both Bayesian and frequentist statistics. We find it
compatible with predictions from the Standard Model. Flavor information is
explicitly included through updated morphology classifiers, proxies for the the
three neutrino flavors. This is the first such measurement to use the three
morphologies as observables and the first to account for neutrinos from tau
decay.
- The IceCube high-energy starting event sample: Description and flux
characterization with 7.5 years of data
2011.03545 [abs] [pdf]
[abstract]
by R. Abbasi, [and 365 more]M. Ackermann, J. Adams, J. A. Aguilar, M. Ahlers, M. Ahrens, C. Alispach, A. A. Alves Jr., N. M. Amin, K. Andeen, T. Anderson, I. Ansseau, G. Anton, C. Argüelles, S. Axani, X. Bai, A. Balagopal V., A. Barbano, S. W. Barwick, B. Bastian, V. Basu, V. Baum, S. Baur, R. Bay, J. J. Beatty, K. -H. Becker, J. Becker Tjus, C. Bellenghi, S. BenZvi, D. Berley, E. Bernardini, D. Z. Besson, G. Binder, D. Bindig, E. Blaufuss, S. Blot, S. Böser, O. Botner, J. Böttcher, E. Bourbeau, J. Bourbeau, F. Bradascio, J. Braun, S. Bron, J. Brostean-Kaiser, A. Burgman, R. S. Busse, M. A. Campana, C. Chen, D. Chirkin, S. Choi, B. A. Clark, K. Clark, L. Classen, A. Coleman, G. H. Collin, J. M. Conrad, P. Coppin, P. Correa, D. F. Cowen, R. Cross, P. Dave, C. De Clercq, J. J. DeLaunay, H. Dembinski, K. Deoskar, S. De Ridder, A. Desai, P. Desiati, K. D. de Vries, G. de Wasseige, M. de With, T. DeYoung, S. Dharani, A. Diaz, J. C. Díaz-Vélez, H. Dujmovic, M. Dunkman, M. A. DuVernois, E. Dvorak, T. Ehrhardt, P. Eller, R. Engel, J. Evans, P. A. Evenson, S. Fahey, A. R. Fazely, S. Fiedlschuster, A. T. Fienberg, K. Filimonov, C. Finley, L. Fischer, D. Fox, A. Franckowiak, E. Friedman, A. Fritz, P. Fürst, T. K. Gaisser, J. Gallagher, E. Ganster, S. Garrappa, L. Gerhardt, A. Ghadimi, T. Glauch, T. Glüsenkamp, A. Goldschmidt, J. G. Gonzalez, S. Goswami, D. Grant, T. Grégoire, Z. Griffith, S. Griswold, M. Gündüz, C. Haack, A. Hallgren, R. Halliday, L. Halve, F. Halzen, M. Ha Minh, K. Hanson, J. Hardin, A. Haungs, S. Hauser, D. Hebecker, K. Helbing, F. Henningsen, S. Hickford, J. Hignight, C. Hill, G. C. Hill, K. D. Hoffman, R. Hoffmann, T. Hoinka, B. Hokanson-Fasig, K. Hoshina, F. Huang, M. Huber, T. Huber, K. Hultqvist, M. Hünnefeld, R. Hussain, S. In, N. Iovine, A. Ishihara, M. Jansson, G. S. Japaridze, M. Jeong, B. J. P. Jones, R. Joppe, D. Kang, W. Kang, X. Kang, A. Kappes, D. Kappesser, T. Karg, M. Karl, A. Karle, T. Katori, U. Katz, M. Kauer, M. Kellermann, J. L. Kelley, A. Kheirandish, J. Kim, K. Kin, T. Kintscher, J. Kiryluk, S. R. Klein, R. Koirala, H. Kolanoski, L. Köpke, C. Kopper, S. Kopper, D. J. Koskinen, P. Koundal, M. Kovacevich, M. Kowalski, K. Krings, G. Krückl, N. Kulacz, N. Kurahashi, A. Kyriacou, C. Lagunas Gualda, J. L. Lanfranchi, M. J. Larson, F. Lauber, J. P. Lazar, K. Leonard, A. Leszczyńska, Y. Li, Q. R. Liu, E. Lohfink, C. J. Lozano Mariscal, L. Lu, F. Lucarelli, A. Ludwig, W. Luszczak, Y. Lyu, W. Y. Ma, J. Madsen, K. B. M. Mahn, Y. Makino, P. Mallik, S. Mancina, S. Mandalia, I. C. Mariş, R. Maruyama, K. Mase, F. McNally, K. Meagher, A. Medina, M. Meier, S. Meighen-Berger, J. Merz, J. Micallef, D. Mockler, G. Momenté, T. Montaruli, R. W. Moore, R. Morse, M. Moulai, R. Naab, R. Nagai, U. Naumann, J. Necker, G. Neer, L. V. Nguyen, H. Niederhausen, M. U. Nisa, S. C. Nowicki, D. R. Nygren, A. Obertacke Pollmann, M. Oehler, A. Olivas, E. O'Sullivan, H. Pandya, D. V. Pankova, N. Park, G. K. Parker, E. N. Paudel, P. Peiffer, C. Pérez de los Heros, S. Philippen, D. Pieloth, S. Pieper, A. Pizzuto, M. Plum, Y. Popovych, A. Porcelli, M. Prado Rodriguez, P. B. Price, G. T. Przybylski, C. Raab, A. Raissi, M. Rameez, K. Rawlins, I. C. Rea, A. Rehman, R. Reimann, M. Renschler, G. Renzi, E. Resconi, S. Reusch, W. Rhode, M. Richman, B. Riedel, S. Robertson, G. Roellinghoff, M. Rongen, C. Rott, T. Ruhe, D. Ryckbosch, D. Rysewyk Cantu, I. Safa, S. E. Sanchez Herrera, A. Sandrock, J. Sandroos, M. Santander, S. Sarkar, S. Sarkar, K. Satalecka, M. Scharf, M. Schaufel, H. Schieler, P. Schlunder, T. Schmidt, A. Schneider, J. Schneider, F. G. Schröder, L. Schumacher, S. Sclafani, D. Seckel, S. Seunarine, S. Shefali, M. Silva, B. Smithers, R. Snihur, J. Soedingrekso, D. Soldin, G. M. Spiczak, C. Spiering, J. Stachurska, M. Stamatikos, T. Stanev, R. Stein, J. Stettner, A. Steuer, T. Stezelberger, R. G. Stokstad, N. L. Strotjohann, T. Stuttard, G. W. Sullivan, I. Taboada, F. Tenholt, S. Ter-Antonyan, S. Tilav, F. Tischbein, K. Tollefson, L. Tomankova, C. Tönnis, S. Toscano, D. Tosi, A. Trettin, M. Tselengidou, C. F. Tung, A. Turcati, R. Turcotte, C. F. Turley, J. P. Twagirayezu, B. Ty, E. Unger, M. A. Unland Elorrieta, J. Vandenbroucke, D. van Eijk, N. van Eijndhoven, D. Vannerom, J. van Santen, S. Verpoest, M. Vraeghe, C. Walck, A. Wallace, N. Wandkowsky, T. B. Watson, C. Weaver, A. Weindl, M. J. Weiss, J. Weldert, C. Wendt, J. Werthebach, M. Weyrauch, B. J. Whelan, N. Whitehorn, K. Wiebe, C. H. Wiebusch, D. R. Williams, M. Wolf, T. R. Wood, K. Woschnagg, G. Wrede, J. Wulff, X. W. Xu, Y. Xu, J. P. Yanez, S. Yoshida, T. Yuan, and Z. Zhang [hide authors].
The IceCube Neutrino Observatory has established the existence of a
high-energy all-sky neutrino flux of astrophysical origin. This discovery was
made using events interacting within a fiducial region of the detector
surrounded by an active veto and with reconstructed energy above 60 TeV,
commonly known as the high-energy starting event sample, or HESE. We revisit
the analysis of the HESE sample with an additional 4.5 years of data, newer
glacial ice models, and improved systematics treatment. This paper describes
the sample in detail, reports on the latest astrophysical neutrino flux
measurements, and presents a source search for astrophysical neutrinos. We give
the compatibility of these observations with specific isotropic flux models
proposed in the literature as well as generic power-law-like scenarios.
Assuming $\nu_e:\nu_\mu:\nu_\tau=1:1:1$, and an equal flux of neutrinos and
antineutrinos, we find that the astrophysical neutrino spectrum is compatible
with an unbroken power law, with a preferred spectral index of
${2.87}^{+0.20}_{-0.19}$ for the $68.3\%$ confidence interval.
- Intimate Relationship Between Sterile Neutrino Dark Matter and $Δ
N_{\rm eff}$
2011.02487 [abs] [pdf]
[abstract]
by Kevin J. Kelly, Manibrata Sen, and Yue Zhang.
The self-interacting neutrino hypothesis is well motivated for addressing the
tension between the origin of sterile neutrino dark matter and indirect
detection constraints. It can also result in a number of testable signals from
the laboratories to the cosmos. We explore a model of neutrino self-interaction
mediated by a Majoron-like scalar with sub-MeV mass, and show that explaining
the relic density of sterile neutrino dark matter implies a lower bound on the
amount of extra radiation in early universe, in particular $\Delta N_{\rm
eff}>0.12$ at the CMB epoch. This lower bound will be further strengthened with
an improved $X$-ray search at the Athena observatory. Such an intimate
relationship will be unambiguously tested by the upcoming CMB-S4 project.
- Neutrino experiments probe hadrophilic light dark matter
2011.01939 [abs] [pdf]
[abstract]
by Yohei Ema, Filippo Sala, and Ryosuke Sato.
We use Super-K data to place new strong limits on interactions of sub-GeV
Dark Matter (DM) with nuclei, that rely on the DM flux inevitably induced by
cosmic-ray upscatterings. We derive analogous sensitivities at Hyper-K and DUNE
and compare them with others, e.g. at JUNO. Using simplified models, we find
that our proposal tests genuinely new parameter space, allowed both by
theoretical consistency and by other direct detection experiments, cosmology,
meson decays and our recast of monojet. Our results thus motivate and shape a
new physics case for any large volume detector sensitive to nuclear recoils.
- Invisible neutrino decay in precision cosmology
2011.01502 [abs] [pdf]
[abstract]
by Gabriela Barenboim, [and 5 more]Joe Zhiyu Chen, Steen Hannestad, Isabel M. Oldengott, Thomas Tram, and Yvonne Y. Y. Wong [hide authors].
We revisit the topic of invisible neutrino decay in the precision
cosmological context, via a first-principles approach to understanding the
cosmic microwave background and large-scale structure phenomenology of such a
non-standard physics scenario. Assuming an effective Lagrangian in which a
heavier standard-model neutrino $\nu_H$ couples to a lighter one $\nu_l$ and a
massless scalar particle $\phi$ via a Yukawa interaction, we derive from first
principles the complete set of Boltzmann equations, at both the spatially
homogeneous and the first-order inhomogeneous levels, for the phase space
densities of $\nu_H$, $\nu_l$, and $\phi$ in the presence of the relevant decay
and inverse decay processes. With this set of equations in hand, we perform a
critical survey of recent works on cosmological invisible neutrino decay in
both limits of decay while $\nu_H$ is ultra-relativistic and non-relativistic.
Our two main findings are: (i) in the non-relativistic limit, the effective
equations of motion used to describe perturbations in the neutrino--scalar
system in the existing literature formally violate momentum conservation and
gauge invariance, and (ii) in the ultra-relativistic limit, exponential damping
of the anisotropic stress does not occur at the commonly-used rate $\Gamma_{\rm
T} =(1/\tau_0) (m_{\nu H}/E_{\nu H})^3$, but at a rate $\sim (1/\tau_0) (m_{\nu
H}/E_{\nu H})^5$. Both results are model-independent. The impact of the former
finding on the cosmology of invisible neutrino decay is likely small. The
latter, however, implies a significant revision of the cosmological limit on
the neutrino lifetime $\tau_0$ from $\tau_0^{\rm old} \gtrsim 1.2 \times 10^9\,
{\rm s}\, (m_{\nu H}/50\, {\rm meV})^3$ to $\tau_0 \gtrsim (4 \times 10^5 \to 4
\times 10^6)\, {\rm s}\, (m_{\nu H}/50 \, {\rm meV})^5$.
- Neutrino 2020: Theory Outlook
2011.01264 [abs] [pdf]
[abstract]
by Goran Senjanovic.
I present a personal vision of what is essential in the field of neutrino
mass, both from the point of view of what has been achieved and what could lie
ahead. In the process, I offer a logical, theoretical and phenomenological
rationale behind my opinions. It is however neither a summary of what was
discussed in the conference nor a party-line viewpoint, rather an attempt to
dig through the enormous body of material in our field in order to uncover a
common unifying thread. The main focus is on the search for a predictive and
self-contained theory of the origin and nature of neutrino mass, with the
conclusion that the Left-Right Symmetric Model plays a special role in this
aspect.
- A misleading $CP$ violation measurement at DUNE induced by a Majorana
phase
2011.01254 [abs] [pdf]
[abstract]
by J. C. Carrasco-Martínez, F. N. Díaz, and A. M. Gago.
We show that the effects of a non-null Majorana phase, due to the existence
of a decoherence environment, can cause a sizable distortion of the \textit{CP}
violation phase $\delta_{\mathrm{CP}}$ to be measured at DUNE. These
distortions are quantified comparing the latter with an eventual T2HK
measurement, which would represent an upgrade in precision of the current best
fit value obtained at T2K. For a decoherence magnitude of
$\Gamma=1.5(2.5)\times 10^{-24} \mathrm{GeV}$, the discrepancies for
$\delta_{\mathrm{CP}}$ are below the $2\sigma$ for null and positive values of
the Majorana phase while for negative values, such as $-0.5\pi$, it can reach
up to $3.8\sigma(5.8\sigma)$. Therefore, a novel finding of this letter is the
possibility to reveal a non-null and negative value for the Majorana phase
through oscillation physics.
- A Non-Degenerate Neutrino Mass Signature in the Galaxy Bispectrum
2011.00899 [abs] [pdf]
[abstract]
by Farshad Kamalinejad and Zachary Slepian.
In the Standard Model, neutrinos are massless, yet oscillation experiments
show in fact they do have a small mass. Currently only the differences of the
masses' squares are known, and an upper bound on the sum. However, upcoming
surveys of the Universe's large-scale structure (LSS) can probe the neutrino
mass by exposing how neutrinos modulate galaxy clustering. But these
measurements are challenging: in looking at the clustering of galaxy pairs, the
effect of neutrinos is degenerate with galaxy formation, the details of which
are unknown. Marginalizing over them degrades the constraints. Here we show
that using correlations of galaxy triplets---the 3-Point Correlation Function
or its Fourier-space analog the bispectrum---can break the degeneracy between
galaxy formation physics (known as biasing) and the neutrino mass.
Specifically, we find a signature of neutrinos in the bispectrum's dipole
moment (with respect to triangle opening angle) that is roughly orthogonal to
the contribution of galaxy biases. This signature was missed in previous works
by failing to account for how neutrinos alter mode-coupling between
perturbations on different scales. Our proposed signature will contribute to
upcoming LSS surveys' such as DESI making a robust detection of the neutrino
mass. We estimate that it can offer several-$\sigma$ evidence for non-zero
$m_{\nu}$ with DESI from the bispectrum alone, and that this is independent
from information in the galaxy power spectrum.
October 2020
- Constraints on elastic neutrino nucleus scattering in the fully coherent
regime from the CONUS experiment
2011.00210 [abs] [pdf]
[abstract]
by H. Bonet, [and 11 more]A. Bonhomme, C. Buck, K. Fülber, J. Hakenmüller, G. Heusser, T. Hugle, M. Lindner, W. Maneschg, T. Rink, H. Strecker, and R. Wink [hide authors].
We report the best limit on coherent elastic scattering of electron
antineutrinos emitted from a nuclear reactor off germanium nuclei. The
measurement was performed with the CONUS detectors positioned at 17.1m from the
3.9GWth reactor core of the nuclear power plant in Brokdorf, Germany. The
antineutrino energies of less than 10 MeV assure interactions in the fully
coherent regime. The analyzed dataset includes 248.7 kgd with the reactor
turned on and background data of 58.8 kgd with the reactor off. With a
quenching parameter of k = 0.18 for germanium, we determined an upper limit on
the number of neutrino events of 85 in the region of interest at 90% confidence
level. This new CONUS dataset disfavors quenching parameters above k = 0.27,
under the assumption of standard-model-like coherent scattering of the reactor
antineutrinos.
- Tentative sensitivity of future $0νββ$-decay experiments to
neutrino masses and Majorana CP phases
2010.16281 [abs] [pdf]
[abstract]
by Guo-yuan Huang and Shun Zhou.
In the near future, the neutrinoless double-beta ($0\nu\beta\beta$) decay
experiments will hopefully reach the sensitivity of a few ${\rm meV}$ to the
effective neutrino mass $|m^{}_{\beta\beta}|$. In this paper, we tentatively
examine the sensitivity of future $0\nu\beta\beta$-decay experiments to
neutrino masses and Majorana CP phases by following the Bayesian statistical
approach. Provided experimental setups corresponding to the sensitivity of
$|m^{}_{\beta\beta}| \simeq 1~{\rm meV}$, the null observation of
$0\nu\beta\beta$ decays in the case of normal neutrino mass ordering leads to a
very competitive bound on the lightest neutrino mass $m^{}_1$. Namely, the
$95\%$ credible interval turns out to be $1.6~{\rm meV} \lesssim m^{}_1
\lesssim 7.3~{\rm meV}$ or $0.3~{\rm meV} \lesssim m^{}_1 \lesssim 5.6~{\rm
meV}$ when the uniform prior on $m^{}_1/{\rm eV}$ or on
$\log^{}_{10}(m^{}_1/{\rm eV})$ is adopted. Moreover, one of two Majorana CP
phases is strictly constrained, i.e., $140^\circ \lesssim \rho \lesssim
220^\circ$ for both priors of $m^{}_1$. In contrast, if a relatively worse
sensitivity of $|m^{}_{\beta\beta}| \simeq 10~{\rm meV}$ is assumed, the
constraint becomes accordingly $0.6~{\rm meV} \lesssim m^{}_1 \lesssim 26~{\rm
meV}$ or $0 \lesssim m^{}_1 \lesssim 6.1~{\rm meV}$, while two Majorana CP
phases will be essentially unconstrained. In the same statistical framework,
the prospects for the determination of neutrino mass ordering and the
discrimination between Majorana and Dirac nature of massive neutrinos in the
$0\nu\beta\beta$-decay experiments are also discussed. Given the experimental
sensitivity of $|m^{}_{\beta\beta}| \simeq 10~{\rm meV}$ (or $1~{\rm meV}$),
the strength of evidence to exclude the Majorana nature under the null
observation of $0\nu\beta\beta$ decays is found to be inconclusive (or strong),
no matter which of two priors on $m^{}_1$ is taken.
- Constraining primordial black holes as dark matter at JUNO
2010.16053 [abs] [pdf]
[abstract]
by Sai Wang, [and 4 more]Dong-Mei Xia, Xukun Zhang, Shun Zhou, and Zhe Chang [hide authors].
As an attractive candidate for dark matter, the primordial black holes (PBHs)
in the mass range ($10^{15} \sim 10^{16}$)$\mathrm{g}$ could be detected via
their Hawking radiation, including neutrinos and antineutrinos of three
flavors. In this paper, we investigate the possibility to constrain the PBH as
dark matter by measuring (anti)neutrino signals at the large
liquid-scintillator detector of Jiangmen Underground Neutrino Observatory
(JUNO). Among six available detection channels, the inverse beta decay
$\overline{\nu}^{}_e + p \to e^+ + n$ is shown to be most sensitive to the
fraction $f^{}_{\rm PBH}$ of PBHs contributing to the dark matter abundance.
Given the PBH mass $M^{}_{\rm PBH} = 10^{15}~{\rm g}$, we find that JUNO will
be able to place an upper bound $f^{}_{\rm PBH} \lesssim 3\times 10^{-5}$,
which is 20 times better than the current best limit $f^{}_{\rm PBH} \lesssim
6\times 10^{-4}$ from Super-Kamiokande. For heavier PBHs with a lower Hawking
temperature, the (anti)neutrinos become less energetic, leading to a relatively
weaker bound.
- No-go limitations on UV completions of the Neutrino Option
2010.15428 [abs] [pdf]
[abstract]
by Ilaria Brivio, Jim Talbert, and Michael Trott.
We discuss the possible origin of the Majorana mass scale(s) required for the
"Neutrino Option" where the electroweak scale is generated simultaneously with
light neutrino masses in a type-I seesaw model, by common dimension four
interactions. We establish no-go constraints on the perturbative generation of
the Majorana masses required due to global symmetries of the seesaw Lagrangian.
- Astrophysical constraints on non-standard coherent neutrino-nucleus
scattering
2010.14545 [abs] [pdf]
[abstract]
by Anna M. Suliga and Irene Tamborra.
The exciting possibility of detecting supernova, solar, and atmospheric
neutrinos with coherent neutrino-nucleus scattering detectors is within reach,
opening up new avenues to probe New Physics. We explore the possibility of
constraining non-standard coherent neutrino-nucleus scattering through
astrophysical neutrinos. Sensitivity bounds on the mass and coupling of the new
mediator are obtained by inspecting the modifications induced by the new
interaction on the recoil rate observable in the upcoming RES-NOVA and DARWIN
facilities. Under the assumption of optimal background tagging, the detection
of neutrinos from a galactic supernova burst, or one-year exposure to solar and
atmospheric neutrinos, will place the most stringent bounds for mediator
couplings $g \gtrsim 10^{-5}$ and mediator masses between 1 and 100 MeV. A
similar, but slightly improved, potential to COHERENT will be provided for
larger mediator masses. In particular, RES-NOVA and DARWIN may potentially
provide one order of magnitude tighter constraints than XENON1T on the mediator
coupling. Non-standard coherent neutrino-nucleus scattering may also force
neutrinos to be trapped in the supernova core; this argument allows to probe
the region of the parameter space with $g \gtrsim 10^{-4}$, which is currently
excluded by other coherent neutrino-nucleus scattering facilities or other
astrophysical and terrestrial constraints.
- Sensitivities of future reactor and long-baseline neutrino experiments
to NSI
2010.12849 [abs] [pdf]
[abstract]
by Pouya Bakhti and Meshkat Rajaee.
We investigate the potential of the next generation long-baseline neutrino
experiments DUNE and T2HK as well as the upcoming reactor experiment JUNO to
constrain Non-Standard Interaction (NSI) parameters. JUNO is going to provide
the most precise measurements of solar neutrino oscillation parameters as well
as determining the neutrino mass ordering. We study how the results of JUNO
combined with those of long-baseline neutrino experiments such as DUNE and T2HK
can help to determine oscillation parameters and to constrain NSI parameters.
We present excluded regions in NSI parameter space, $\epsilon_{\alpha \beta}$
assuming Standard Model (SM) as the null hypothesis. We further explore the
correlations between the NSI parameters and CP-violation phase.
- New Solutions for Rotating Boson Stars
2010.09880 [abs] [pdf]
[abstract]
by Felix Kling, Arvind Rajaraman, and Freida Liz Rivera.
It has been shown that scalar fields can form gravitationally bound compact
objects called boson stars. In this study, we analyze boson star configurations
where the scalar fields contain a small amount of angular momentum and find two
new classes of solutions. In the first case all particles are in the same
slowly rotating state and in the second case the majority of particles are in
the non-rotating ground state and a small number of particles are in an excited
rotating state. In both cases, we solve the underlying Gross-Pitaevskii-Poisson
equations that describe the profile of these compact objects both numerically
as well as analytically through series expansions.
- Rotations of the polarization of a gravitational wave propagating in
Universe
2010.09224 [abs] [pdf]
[abstract]
by Jia-Xi Feng, Fu-Wen Shu, and Anzhong Wang.
In this paper, we study the polarization of a gravitational wave (GW) emitted
by an astrophysical source at a cosmic distance propagating through the
Friedmann-Lema\^itre-Robertson-Walk universe. By considering the null geodesic
deviations, we first provide a definition of the polarization of the GW in
terms of the Weyl scalars with respect to a parallelly-transported frame along
the null geodesics, and then show explicitly that, due to different effects of
the expansion of the universe on the two polarization modes, the so-called "+"
and "$\times$" modes, the polarization angle of the GW changes generically,
when it is propagating through the curved background. By direct computations of
the polarization angle, we show that different epochs, radiation-, matter- and
$\Lambda$-dominated, have different effects on the polarization. In particular,
for a GW emitted by a binary system, we find explicitly the relation between
the change of the polarization angle $|\Delta \varphi|$ and the redshift $z_s$
of the source in different epochs. In the $\Lambda$CDM model, we find that the
order of $|\Delta \varphi|{\eta_0 F}$ is typically $O(10^{-3})$ to $O(10^3)$,
depending on the values of $z_s$, where $\eta_0$ is the (comoving) time of the
current universe, and
$F\equiv\Big(\frac{5}{256}\frac{1}{\tau_{obs}}\Big)^{3/8}\left(G_NM_c\right)^{-5/8}$
with $\tau_{obs}$ and $M_c$ being, respectively, the time to coalescence in the
observer's frame and the chirp mass of the binary system.
- Neutrino oscillations in matter: from microscopic to macroscopic
description
2010.07847 [abs] [pdf]
[abstract]
by Evgeny Akhmedov.
Neutrino flavour transmutations in nonuniform matter are described by a
Schr\"{o}dinger-like evolution equation with coordinate-dependent potential. In
all the derivations of this equation it is assumed that the potential, which is
due to coherent forward scattering of neutrinos on matter constituents, is a
continuous function of coordinate that changes slowly over the distances of the
order of the neutrino de Broglie wavelength. This tacitly assumes that some
averaging of the microscopic potential (which takes into account the discrete
nature of the scatterers) has been performed.The averaging, however, must be
applied to the microscopic evolution equation as a whole and not just to the
potential. Such an averaging has never been explicitly carried out. We fill
this gap by considering the transition from the microscopic to macroscopic
neutrino evolution equation through a proper averaging procedure. We discuss
some subtleties related to this procedure and establish the applicability
domain of the standard macroscopic evolution equation. This, in particular,
allows us to answer the question of when neutrino propagation in rarefied media
(such as e.g.\ low-density gases or interstellar or intergalactic media) can be
considered within the standard theory of neutrino flavour evolution in matter.
- Astronomy with energy dependent flavour ratios of extragalactic
neutrinos
2010.07336 [abs] [pdf]
[abstract]
by Siddhartha Karmakar, Sujata Pandey, and Subhendu Rakshit.
High energy astrophysical neutrinos interacting with ultralight dark matter
(DM) can undergo flavour oscillations that induce an energy dependence in the
flavour ratios. Such a dependence on the neutrino energy will reflect in the
track to shower ratio in neutrino telescopes like IceCube or KM3NeT. This opens
up a possibility to study DM density profiles of astrophysical objects like
AGN, GRB etc., which are the suspected sources of such neutrinos.
- Charged Higgs effects in IceCube: PeV events and NSIs
2010.05797 [abs] [pdf]
[abstract]
by Ujjal Kumar Dey, Newton Nath, and Soumya Sadhukhan.
Extensions of the Standard Model with charged Higgs, having a non-negligible
coupling with neutrinos, can have interesting implications vis-\`{a}-vis
neutrino experiments. Such models can leave their footprints in the ultra-high
energy neutrino detectors like IceCube in the form of neutrino non-standard
interactions (NSIs) which can also be probed in lower energy neutrino
experiments. We consider a model based on the neutrinophilic two-Higgs doublets
and study its imprints in the recently reported excess neutrino events in the
PeV energy bins at the IceCube. An additional signature of the model is that it
also leads to sizeable NSIs. We perform a combined study of the latest IceCube
data along with various other constraints arising from neutrino experiments
e.g., Borexino, TEXONO, COHERENT, DUNE, and T2HK, together with the limits set
by the LEP experiment, and explore the parameter space which can lead to a
sizeable NSI.
- Stellar Collapse Diversity and the Diffuse Supernova Neutrino Background
2010.04728 [abs] [pdf]
[abstract]
by Daniel Kresse, Thomas Ertl, and Hans-Thomas Janka.
The diffuse cosmic supernova neutrino background (DSNB) is observational
target of the gadolinium-loaded Super-Kamiokande (SK) detector and the
forthcoming JUNO and Hyper-Kamiokande detectors. Current predictions are
hampered by our still incomplete understanding of the supernova (SN) explosion
mechanism and of the neutron star (NS) equation of state and maximum mass. In
our comprehensive study we revisit this problem on grounds of the landscapes of
successful and failed SN explosions obtained by Sukhbold et al. and Ertl et al.
with parametrized one-dimensional neutrino engines for large sets of
single-star and helium-star progenitors, with the latter serving as proxy of
binary evolution effects. Besides considering engines of different strengths,
leading to different fractions of failed SNe with black-hole (BH) formation, we
also vary the NS mass limit, the spectral shape of the neutrino emission, and
include contributions from poorly understood alternative NS-formation channels
such as accretion-induced or merger-induced collapse events. Since the neutrino
signals of our large model sets are approximate, we calibrate the associated
degrees of freedom by using state-of-the-art simulations of proto-neutron star
cooling. Our predictions are higher than other recent ones because of a large
fraction of failed SNe with long delay to BH formation. Our best-guess model
predicts a DSNB electron-antineutrino-flux of 28.8^{+24.6}_{-10.9}
cm^{-2}s^{-1} with 6.0^{+5.1}_{-2.1} cm^{-2}s^{-1} in the favorable measurement
interval of [10,30] MeV, and 1.3^{+1.1}_{-0.4} cm^{-2}s^{-1} with
electron-antineutrino energies > 17.3 MeV, which is roughly a factor of two
below the current SK limit. The uncertainty range is dominated by the still
insufficiently constrained cosmic rate of stellar core-collapse events.
- Assessing the tension between a black hole dominated early universe and
leptogenesis
2010.03565 [abs] [pdf]
[abstract]
by Yuber F. Perez-Gonzalez and Jessica Turner.
We perform the first numerical calculation of the interplay between thermal
and black hole induced leptogenesis, demonstrating that the right-handed
neutrino surplus produced during the evaporation only partially mitigates the
entropy dilution suffered by the thermal component. As such, the
intermediate-mass regime of the right-handed neutrinos, $10^6{\rm~GeV} \lesssim
M_{N} \lesssim 10^{9}{\rm~GeV}$, could not explain the observed baryon
asymmetry even for fine-tuned scenarios if there existed a primordial black
hole dominated era, consistent with initial black hole masses of $M_i \gtrsim
\mathcal{O}\left(1\right)$ kg. Detection of the gravitational waves emitted
from the same primordial black holes would place intermediate-scale thermal
leptogenesis under tension.
September 2020
- Exoplanets as New Sub-GeV Dark Matter Detectors
2010.00015 [abs] [pdf]
[abstract]
by Rebecca K. Leane and Juri Smirnov.
We present exoplanets as new targets to discover Dark Matter (DM). Throughout
the Milky Way, DM can scatter, become captured, deposit annihilation energy,
and increase the heat flow within exoplanets. We estimate upcoming infrared
telescope sensitivity to this scenario, finding actionable discovery or
exclusion searches. We find that DM with masses above about an MeV can be
probed with exoplanets, with DM-proton and DM-electron scattering cross
sections down to about $10^{-37}$cm$^2$, stronger than existing limits by up to
six orders of magnitude. Supporting evidence of a DM origin can be identified
through DM-induced exoplanet heating correlated with Galactic position, and
hence DM density. This provides new motivation to measure the temperature of
the billions of brown dwarfs, rogue planets, and gas giants peppered throughout
our Galaxy.
- Neutrino oscillation in dark matter with $L_μ-L_τ$
2009.14703 [abs] [pdf]
[abstract]
by Wei Chao, [and 3 more]Yanyan Hu, Siyu Jiang, and Mingjie Jin [hide authors].
In this paper, we study the phenomenology of a Dirac dark matter in the
$L_\mu-L_\tau$ model and investigate the neutrino oscillation in the dark halo.
Since dark matter couples to the muon neutrino and the tau neutrino with
opposite sign couplings, it contributes effective potentials, $\pm A_\chi$, to
the evolution equation of the neutrino flavor transition amplitude, which can
be significant for high energy neutrino oscillations in a dense dark matter
environment. We discuss neutrino masses, lepton mixing angles, Dirac CP phase,
and neutrino oscillation probabilities in the dark halo using full numerical
calculations. Results show that neutrinos can endure very different matter
effects. When the potential $A_\chi$ becomes ultra-large, three neutrino
flavors decouple from each other.
- Neutrino Oscillation Constraints on U(1)' Models: from Non-Standard
Interactions to Long-Range Forces
2009.14220 [abs] [pdf]
[abstract]
by Pilar Coloma, M. C. Gonzalez-Garcia, and Michele Maltoni.
We quantify the effect of gauge bosons from a weakly coupled lepton flavor
dependent $U(1)'$ interaction on the matter background in the evolution of
solar, atmospheric, reactor and long-baseline accelerator neutrinos in the
global analysis of oscillation data. The analysis is performed for interaction
lengths ranging from the Sun-Earth distance to effective contact neutrino
interactions. We survey $\sim 10000$ set of models characterized by the six
relevant fermion $U(1)'$ charges and find that in all cases, constraints on the
coupling and mass of the $Z'$ can be derived. We also find that about 5% of the
$U(1)'$ model charges lead to a viable LMA-D solution but this is only possible
in the contact interaction limit. We explicitly quantify the constraints for a
variety of models including $U(1)_{B-3L_e}$, $U(1)_{B-3L_\mu}$,
$U(1)_{B-3L_\tau}$, $U(1)_{B-\frac{3}{2}(L_\mu+L_\tau)}$, $U(1)_{L_e-L_\mu}$,
$U(1)_{L_e-L_\tau}$, $U(1)_{L_e-\frac{1}{2}(L_\mu+L_\tau)}$. We compare the
constraints imposed by our oscillation analysis with the strongest bounds from
fifth force searches, violation of equivalence principle as well as bounds from
scattering experiments and white dwarf cooling. Our results show that
generically, the oscillation analysis improves over the existing bounds from
gravity tests for $Z'$ lighter than $\sim 10^{-8} \to 10^{-11}$ eV depending on
the specific couplings. In the contact interaction limit, we find that for most
models listed above there are values of $g'$ and $M_{Z'}$ for which the
oscillation analysis provides constraints beyond those imposed by laboratory
experiments. Finally we illustrate the range of $Z'$ and couplings leading to a
viable LMA-D solution for two sets of models.
- Experimental tests of sub-surface reflectors as an explanation for the
ANITA anomalous events
2009.13010 [abs] [pdf]
[abstract]
by D. Smith, [and 33 more]D. Z. Besson, C. Deaconu, S. Prohira, P. Allison, L. Batten, J. J. Beatty, W. R. Binns, V. Bugaev, P. Cao, C. Chen, P. Chen, J. M. Clem, A. Connolly, L. Cremonesi, P. Dasgupta, P. W. Gorham, M. H. Israel, T. C. Liu, A. Ludwig, S. Matsuno, C. Miki, J. Nam, A. Novikov, R. J. Nichol, E. Oberla, R. Prechelt, B. F. Rauch, J. Russell, D. Saltzberg, D. Seckel, G. S. Varner, A. G. Vieregg, and S. A. Wissel [hide authors].
The balloon-borne ANITA experiment is designed to detect ultra-high energy
neutrinos via radio emissions produced by an in-ice shower. Although initially
purposed for interactions within the Antarctic ice sheet, ANITA also
demonstrated the ability to self-trigger on radio emissions from ultra-high
energy charged cosmic rays interacting in the Earth's atmosphere. For showers
produced above the Antarctic ice sheet, reflection of the down-coming radio
signals at the Antarctic surface should result in a polarity inversion prior to
subsequent observation at the $\sim$35-40 km altitude ANITA gondola. ANITA has
published two anomalous instances of upcoming cosmic-rays with measured
polarity opposite the remaining sample of $\sim$50 UHECR signals. The steep
observed upwards incidence angles (25--30 degrees relative to the horizontal)
require non-Standard Model physics if these events are due to in-ice neutrino
interactions, as the Standard Model cross-section would otherwise prohibit
neutrinos from penetrating the long required chord of Earth. Shoemaker et al.
posit that glaciological effects may explain the steep observed anomalous
events. We herein consider the scenarios offered by Shoemaker et al. and find
them to be disfavored by extant ANITA and HiCal experimental data. We note that
the recent report of four additional near-horizon anomalous ANITA-4 events, at
$>3\sigma$ significance, are incompatible with their model, which requires
significant signal transmission into the ice.
- Squeezing the Parameter Space for Lorentz Violation in the Neutrino
Sector by Additional Decay Channels
2009.11947 [abs] [pdf]
[abstract]
by Ulrich D. Jentschura.
The hypothesis of Lorentz violation in the neutrino sector has intrigued
scientists for the last two to three decades. A number of theoretical arguments
support the emergence of such violations first and foremost for neutrinos,
which constitute the "most elusive" and "least interacting" particles known to
mankind. It is of obvious interest to place stringent bounds on the
Lorentz-violating parameters in the neutrino sector. In the past, the most
stringent bounds have been placed by calculating the probability of neutrino
decay into a lepton pair, a process made kinematically feasible by Lorentz
violation in the neutrino sector, above a certain threshold. However, even more
stringent bounds can be placed on the Lorentz-violating parameters if one takes
into account, additionally, the possibility of neutrino splitting, i.e., of
neutrino decay into a neutrino of lower energy, accompanied by "neutrino-pair
Cerenkov radiation". This process has negligible threshold and can be used to
improve the bounds on Lorentz-violating parameters in the neutrino sector.
Finally, we take the opportunity to discuss the relation of Lorentz and gauge
symmetry breaking, with a special emphasis on the theoretical models employed
in our calculations.
- Ejection of supermassive black holes and implications for merger rates
in fuzzy dark matter haloes
2009.10167 [abs] [pdf]
[abstract]
by Amr El-Zant, Zacharias Roupas, and Joseph Silk.
Fuzzy dark matter (FDM) consisting of ultra-light axions has been invoked to
alleviate galactic-scale problems in the cold dark matter scenario. FDM
fluctuations, created via the superposition of waves, can impact the motion of
a central supermassive black hole (SMBH) immersed in an FDM halo. The SMBH will
undergo a random walk, induced by FDM fluctuations, that can result in its
ejection from the central region. This effect is strongest in dwarf galaxies,
accounting for wandering SMBHs and the low detection rate of AGN in dwarf
spheroidal galaxies. In addition, a lower bound on the allowed axion masses is
inferred both for Sagittarius $A^*$ and heavier SMBH; to avoid ejection from
the galactic centres, axion masses of the order of $10^{-22}{\rm eV}$ or
lighter are excluded. Stronger limits are inferred for merging galaxies. We
find that the event rate of SMBH mergers in FDM haloes and the associated SMBH
growth rates can be reduced by at least an order of magnitude.
- Imprints of Axion Superradiance in the CMB
2009.10074 [abs] [pdf]
[abstract]
by Diego Blas and Samuel J. Witte.
Light axions ($m_a \lesssim 10^{-10}$ eV) can form dense clouds around
rapidly rotating astrophysical black holes via a mechanism known as rotational
superradiance. The coupling between axions and photons induces a parametric
resonance, arising from the stimulated decay of the axion cloud, which can
rapidly convert regions of large axion number densities into an enormous flux
of low-energy photons. In this work we consider the phenomenological
implications of a superradiant axion cloud undergoing resonant decay. We show
that the low energy photons produced from such events will be absorbed over
cosmologically short distances, potentially inducing massive shockwaves that
heat and ionize the IGM over Mpc scales. These shockwaves may leave observable
imprints in the form of anisotropic spectral distortions or inhomogeneous
features in the optical depth.
- Ultralight Bosonic Field Mass Bounds from Astrophysical Black Hole Spin
2009.07206 [abs] [pdf]
[abstract]
by Matthew J. Stott.
Black Hole measurements have grown significantly in the new age of
gravitation wave astronomy from LIGO observations of binary black hole mergers.
As yet unobserved massive ultralight bosonic fields represent one of the most
exciting features of Standard Model extensions, capable of providing solutions
to numerous paradigmatic issues in particle physics and cosmology. In this work
we explore bounds from spinning astrophysical black holes and their angular
momentum energy transfer to bosonic condensates which can form surrounding the
black hole via superradiant instabilities. Using recent analytical results we
perform a simplified analysis with a generous ensemble of black hole parameter
measurements where we find superradiance very generally excludes bosonic fields
in the mass ranges; spin-0: ${\scriptsize \{ 3.8\times10^{-14}\ {\rm eV} \leq
\mu_0 \leq 3.4\times10^{-11}\ {\rm eV}, 5.5\times10^{-20}\ {\rm eV} \leq \mu_0
\leq 1.3\times10^{-16}\ {\rm eV}, 2.5\times10^{-21}\ {\rm eV} \leq \mu_0 \leq
1.2\times10^{-20}\ {\rm eV}\}}$, spin-1: ${\scriptsize \{ 6.2\times10^{-15}\
{\rm eV} \leq \mu_1 \leq 3.9\times10^{-11}\ {\rm eV}, 2.8\times10^{-22}\ {\rm
eV} \leq \mu_1 \leq 1.9\times10^{-16}\ {\rm eV} \}}$ and spin-2: ${\scriptsize
\{ 2.2\times10^{-14}\ {\rm eV} \leq \mu_2 \leq 2.8\times10^{-11}\ {\rm eV},
1.8\times10^{-20}\ {\rm eV} \leq \mu_2 \leq 1.8\times10^{-16}\ {\rm eV},
6.4\times10^{-22}\ {\rm eV} \leq \mu_2 \leq 7.7\times10^{-21}\ {\rm eV} \}}$
respectively. We also explore these bounds in the context of specific
phenomenological models, specifically the QCD axion, M-theory models and fuzzy
dark matter sitting at the edges of current limits. In particular we include
recent measurements of event GW190521 and M87* used to constrain both the
masses and decay constants of axion like fields. Finally we comment a simple
example of a spectrum of fields for the spin-0 and spin-1 cases.
- Constraints on neutrino non-standard interactions from LHC data with
large missing transverse momentum
2009.06668 [abs] [pdf]
[abstract]
by DianYu Liu, ChuanLe Sun, and Jun Gao.
The possible non-standard interactions (NSIs) of neutrinos with matter plays
important role in the global determination of neutrino properties. In our study
we select various data sets from LHC measurements at 13 TeV with integrated
luminosities of $35 \sim 139$ fb$^{-1}$, including production of a single jet,
photon, $W/Z$ boson, or charged lepton accompanied with large missing
transverse momentum. We derive constraints on neutral-current NSIs with quarks
imposed by different data sets in a framework of either effective operators or
simplified $Z'$ models. We use theoretical predictions of productions induced
by NSIs at next-to-leading order in QCD matched with parton showering which
stabilize the theory predictions and result in more robust constraints. In a
simplified $Z'$ model we obtain a 95% CLs upper limit on the conventional NSI
strength $\epsilon$ of 0.042 and 0.0028 for a $Z'$ mass of 0.2 and 2 TeV
respectively. We also discuss possible improvements from future runs of LHC
with higher luminosities.
- Cosmic String Interpretation of NANOGrav Pulsar Timing Data
2009.06555 [abs] [pdf]
[abstract]
by John Ellis and Marek Lewicki.
Pulsar timing data used to provide upper limits on a possible stochastic
gravitational wave background (SGWB). However, the NANOGrav Collaboration has
recently reported strong evidence for a stochastic common-spectrum process,
which we interpret as a SGWB in the framework of cosmic strings. The possible
NANOGrav signal would correspond to a string tension $G\mu \in (4 \times
10^{-11}, 10^{-10}) $ at the 68% confidence level, with a different frequency
dependence from supermassive black hole mergers. The SGWB produced by cosmic
strings with such values of $G\mu$ would be beyond the reach of LIGO, but could
be measured by other planned and proposed detectors such as SKA, LISA, TianQin,
AION-1km, AEDGE, Einstein Telescope and Cosmic Explorer.
- GW190521 as a merger of Proca stars: a potential new vector boson of
$8.7 \times 10^{-13}$ eV
2009.05376 [abs] [pdf]
[abstract]
by Juan Calderón Bustillo, [and 8 more]Nicolas Sanchis-Gual, Alejandro Torres-Forné, José A. Font, Avi Vajpeyi, Rory Smith, Carlos Herdeiro, Eugen Radu, and Samson H. W. Leong [hide authors].
Advanced LIGO-Virgo reported a short gravitational-wave signal (GW190521)
interpreted as a quasi-circular merger of black holes, one populating the
pair-instability supernova gap, forming a remnant black hole of $M_f\sim 142
M_\odot$ at a luminosity distance of $d_L \sim 5.3$ Gpc. With barely visible
pre-merger emission, however, GW190521 merits further investigation of the
pre-merger dynamics and even of the very nature of the colliding objects. We
show that GW190521 is consistent with numerically simulated signals from
head-on collisions of two (equal mass and spin) horizonless vector boson stars
(aka Proca stars), forming a final black hole with $M_f =
231^{+13}_{-17}\,M_\odot$, located at a distance of $d_L = 571^{+348}_{-181}$
Mpc. The favoured mass for the ultra-light vector boson constituent of the
Proca stars is $\mu_{\rm V}= 8.72^{+0.73}_{-0.82}\times10^{-13}$ eV. This
provides the first demonstration of close degeneracy between these two
theoretical models, for a real gravitational-wave event. Confirmation of the
Proca star interpretation, which we find statistically slightly preferred,
would provide the first evidence for a long sought dark matter particle.
- Impact of high energy beam tunes on the sensitivities to the standard
unknowns at DUNE
2009.05061 [abs] [pdf]
[abstract]
by Jogesh Rout, [and 4 more]Samiran Roy, Mehedi Masud, Mary Bishai, and Poonam Mehta [hide authors].
Even though neutrino oscillations have been conclusively established, there
are a few unanswered questions pertaining to leptonic Charge Parity violation
(CPV), mass hierarchy (MH) and $\theta_{23}$ octant degeneracy. Addressing
these questions is of paramount importance at the current and future neutrino
experiments including the Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment (DUNE) which has
a baseline of 1300 km. In the standard mode, DUNE is expected to run with a
{\textit{low energy}} (LE) tuned beam which peaks around the first oscillation
maximum ($2-3$ GeV) (and then sharply falls off as we go to higher energies).
However, the wide band nature of the beam available at long baseline neutrino
facility (LBNF) allows for the flexibility in utilizing beam tunes that are
well-suited at higher energies as well. In this work, we utilize a beam that
provides high statistics at higher energies which is referred to as the
{\textit{medium energy}} (ME) beam. This opens up the possibility of exploring
not only the usual oscillation channels but also the $\nu_{\mu} \to \nu_{\tau}$
oscillation channel which was otherwise not accessible. Our goal is to find an
optimal combination of beam tune and runtime (with the total runtime held
fixed) distributed in neutrino and antineutrino mode that leads to an
improvement in the sensitivities of these parameters at DUNE. In our analysis,
we incorporate all the three channels ($\nu_{\mu} \to \nu_{e}, \nu_{\mu} \to
\nu_{\mu}, \nu_{\mu} \to \nu_{\tau}$) and develop an understanding of their
relative contributions in sensitivities at the level of $\Delta \chi^2$.
Finally, we obtain the preferred combination of runtime using both the beam
tunes as well as neutrino and antineutrino mode that lead to enhanced
sensitivity to the current unknowns in neutrino oscillation physics i.e., CPV,
MH and $\theta_{23}$ octant.
- On the rate of core collapse supernovae in the Milky Way
2009.03438 [abs] [pdf]
[abstract]
by Karolina Rozwadowska, Francesco Vissani, and Enrico Cappellaro.
Several large neutrino telescopes, operating at various sites around the
world, have as their main objective the first detection of neutrinos emitted by
a gravitational collapse in the Milky Way. The success of these observation
programs depends on the rate of supernova core collapse in the Milky Way, $R$.
In this work, standard statistical techniques are used to combine several
independent results. Their consistency is discussed and the most critical input
data are identified. The inference on $R$ is further tested and refined by
including direct information on the occurrence rate of gravitational collapse
events in the Milky Way and in the Local Group, obtained from neutrino
telescopes and electromagnetic surveys. A conservative treatment of the errors
yields a combined rate $R=1.63 \pm 0.46$ (100 yr)$^{-1}$; the corresponding
time between core collapse supernova events turns out to be
$T=61_{-14}^{+24}$~yr. The importance to update the analysis of the stellar
birthrate method is emphasized.
- Astrophysical hints for magnetic black holes
2009.03363 [abs] [pdf]
[abstract]
by Diptimoy Ghosh, Arun Thalapillil, and Farman Ullah.
We discuss a cornucopia of potential astrophysical signatures and constraints
on magnetically charged black holes of various masses. As recently highlighted,
being potentially viable astrophysical candidates with immense electromagnetic
fields, they may be ideal windows to fundamental physics, electroweak symmetry
restoration and non-perturbative quantum field theoretic phenomena. We
investigate various potential astrophysical pointers and bounds -- including
limits on charges, location of stable orbits and horizons in asymptotically
flat and asymptotically de Sitter backgrounds, bounds from galactic magnetic
fields and dark matter measurements, characteristic electromagnetic fluxes and
tell-tale gravitational wave emissions during binary inspirals. Stable orbits
around these objects hold an imprint of their nature and in the asymptotically
de Sitter case, there is also a qualitatively new feature with the emergence of
a stable outer orbit. We consider binary inspirals of both magnetic and
neutral, and magnetic and magnetic, black hole pairs. The electromagnetic
emissions and the gravitational waveform evolution, along with inter-black hole
separation, display distinct features. Many of the astrophysical signatures may
be observationally glaring -- for instance, even in regions of parameter space
where no electroweak corona forms, owing to magnetic fields that are still many
orders of magnitude larger than even Magnetars, their consequent
electromagnetic emissions will be spectacular during binary inspirals. While
adding new results, our discussions also complement works in similar contexts,
that have appeared recently in the literature.
- Strengthening the bound on the mass of the lightest neutrino with
terrestrial and cosmological experiments
2009.03287 [abs] [pdf]
[abstract]
by The GAMBIT Cosmology Workgroup, [and 14 more]:, Patrick Stöcker, Csaba Balázs, Sanjay Bloor, Torsten Bringmann, Tomás E. Gonzalo, Will Handley, Selim Hotinli, Cullan Howlett, Felix Kahlhoefer, Janina J. Renk, Pat Scott, Aaron C. Vincent, and Martin White [hide authors].
We determine the upper limit on the mass of the lightest neutrino from the
most robust recent cosmological and terrestrial data. Marginalising over
possible effective relativistic degrees of freedom at early times
($N_\mathrm{eff}$) and assuming normal mass ordering, the mass of the lightest
neutrino is less than 0.037 eV at 95% confidence; with inverted ordering, the
bound is 0.042 eV. This improves nearly 60% on other recent limits, bounding
the mass of the lightest neutrino to be barely larger than the largest mass
splitting. We show the impacts of realistic mass models, and different sources
of $N_\mathrm{eff}$.
- Neutrino telescopes and high-energy cosmic neutrinos
2009.01919 [abs] [pdf]
[abstract]
by Andrea Palladino, Maurizio Spurio, and Francesco Vissani.
In this review paper, we present the main aspects of high-energy cosmic
neutrino astrophysics. We begin by describing the generic expectations for
cosmic neutrinos, including the effects of propagation from their sources to
the detectors. Then we introduce the operating principles of current neutrino
telescopes, and examine the main features (topologies) of the observable
events. After a discussion of the main background processes, due to the
concomitant presence of secondary particles produced in the terrestrial
atmosphere by cosmic rays, we summarize the current status of the observations
with astrophysical relevance that have been greatly contributed by IceCube
detector. Then, we examine various interpretations of these findings, trying to
assess the best candidate sources of cosmic neutrinos. We conclude with a brief
perspective on how the field could evolve within a few years.
August 2020
- Search for sterile neutrino with light gauge interactions: recasting
collider, beam-dump, and neutrino telescope searches
2008.12598 [abs] [pdf]
[abstract]
by Yongsoo Jho, [and 3 more]Jongkuk Kim, Pyungwon Ko, and Seong Chan Park [hide authors].
We investigate features of the sterile neutrinos in the presence of a light
gauge boson $X^\mu$ that couples to the neutrino sector. The novel bounds on
the active-sterile neutrino mixings $| U_{\ell 4} |^2$, especially for tau
flavor ($l = \tau$), from various collider and fixed target experiments are
explored. Also, taking into account the additional decay channel of the sterile
neutrino into a light gauge boson ($\nu_4 \to \nu_\ell e^+ e^-$), we explore
and constrain a parameter space for low energy excess in neutrino oscillation
experiments.
- Constraints on Decaying Sterile Neutrinos from Solar Antineutrinos
2008.11851 [abs] [pdf]
[abstract]
by Matheus Hostert and Maxim Pospelov.
Solar neutrino experiments are highly sensitive to sources of
$\nu\to\bar{\nu}$ conversions in the $^8$B neutrino flux. In this work we adapt
these searches to non-minimal sterile neutrino models recently proposed to
explain the LSND, MiniBooNE, and reactor anomalies. The production of such
sterile neutrinos in the Sun, followed the decay chain $\nu_4 \to \nu \phi \to
\nu \nu \bar{\nu}$ with a new scalar $\phi$ results in upper limits for the
neutrino mixing $|U_{e4}|^2$ at the per mille level. We conclude that a
simultaneous explanations of all anomalies is in tension with KamLAND,
Super-Kamiokande, and Borexino constraints on the flux of solar antineutrinos.
We then present other minimal models that violate parity or lepton number, and
discuss the applicability of our constraints in each case. Future improvements
can be expected from existing Borexino data as well as from future searches at
Super-Kamiokande with added Gd.
- Earliest Resolution to the Neutrino Mass Ordering?
2008.11280 [abs] [pdf]
[abstract]
by Anatael Cabrera, [and 26 more]Yang Han, Michel Obolensky, Fabien Cavalier, João Coelho, Diana Navas Nicolás, Hiroshi Nunokawa, Laurent Simard, Jianming Bian, Nitish Nayak, Juan Pedro Ochoa-Ricoux, Bedřich Roskovec, Pietro Chimenti, Stefano Dusini, Marco Grassi, Mathieu Bongrand, Rebin Karaparambil, Victor Lebrin, Benoit Viaud, Frederic Yermia, Lily Asquith, Thiago J. C. Bezerra, Jeff Hartnell, Pierre Lasorak, Jiajie Ling, Jiajun Liao, and Hongzhao Yu [hide authors].
We hereby illustrate and numerically demonstrate via a simplified proof of
concept calculation tuned to the latest average neutrino global data that the
combined sensitivity of JUNO with NOvA and T2K experiments has the potential to
be the first fully resolved ($\geq$5$\sigma$) measurement of neutrino Mass
Ordering (MO) around 2028; tightly linked to the JUNO schedule. Our predictions
account for the key ambiguities and the most relevant $\pm$1$\sigma$ data
fluctuations. In the absence of any concrete MO theoretical prediction and
given its intrinsic binary outcome, we highlight the benefits of having such a
resolved measurement in the light of the remarkable MO resolution ability of
the next generation of long baseline neutrino beams experiments. We motivate
the opportunity of exploiting the MO experimental framework to scrutinise the
standard oscillation model, thus, opening for unique discovery potential,
should unexpected discrepancies manifest. Phenomenologically, the deepest
insight relies on the articulation of MO resolved measurements via at least the
two possible methodologies matter effects and purely vacuum oscillations. Thus,
we argue that the JUNO vacuum MO measurement may feasibly yield full resolution
in combination to the next generation of long baseline neutrino beams
experiments.
- Multimessenger Gamma-Ray and Neutrino Coincidence Alerts using HAWC and
IceCube sub-threshold Data
2008.10616 [abs] [pdf]
[abstract]
by H. A. Ayala Solares, [and 449 more]S. Coutu, J. J. DeLaunay, D. B. Fox, T. Grégoire, A. Keivani, F. Krauß, M. Mostafá, K. Murase, C. F. Turley, A. Albert, R. Alfaro, C. Alvarez, J. R. Angeles Camacho, J. C. Arteaga-Velázquez, K. P. Arunbabu, D. Avila Rojas, E. Belmont-Moreno, C. Brisbois, K. S. Caballero-Mora, A. Carramiñana, S. Casanova, U. Cotti, E. De la Fuente, R. Diaz Hernandez, B. L. Dingus, M. A. DuVernois, M. Durocher, J. C. Díaz-Vélez, C. Espinoza, K. L. Fan, H. Fleischhack, N. Fraija, A. Galván-Gámez, D. Garcia, J. A. García-González, F. Garfias, M. M. González, J. A. Goodman, J. P. Harding, B. Hona, D. Huang, F. Hueyotl-Zahuantitla, P. Huntemeyer, A. Iriarte, A. Jardin-Blicq, V. Joshi, H. León Vargas, J. T. Linnemann, A. L. Longinotti, G. Luis-Raya, J. Lundeen, K. Malone, O. Martinez, I. Martinez-Castellanos, J. Martínez-Castro, J. A. Matthews, P. Miranda-Romagnoli, E. Moreno, L. Nellen, M. Newbold, M. U. Nisa, R. Noriega-Papaqui, A. Peisker, E. G. Pérez-Pérez, C. D. Rho, D. Rosa-González, H. Salazar, F. Salesa Greus, A. Sandoval, A. J. Smith, R. W. Springer, K. Tollefson, I. Torres, R. Torres-Escobedo, F. Ureña-Mena, L. Villaseñor, T. Weisgarber, E. Willox, A. Zepeda, H. Zhou, C. de León, M. G. Aartsen, R. Abbasi, M. Ackermann, J. Adams, J. A. Aguilar, M. Ahlers, M. Ahrens, C. Alispach, N. M. Amin, K. Andeen, T. Anderson, I. Ansseau, G. Anton, C. Argüelles, J. Auffenberg, S. Axani, H. Bagherpour, X. Bai, A. Balagopal V., A. Barbano, S. W. Barwick, B. Bastian, V. Basu, V. Baum, S. Baur, R. Bay, J. J. Beatty, K. -H. Becker, J. Becker Tjus, S. BenZvi, D. Berley, E. Bernardini, D. Z. Besson, G. Binder, D. Bindig, E. Blaufuss, S. Blot, C. Bohm, S. Böser, O. Botner, J. Böttcher, E. Bourbeau, J. Bourbeau, F. Bradascio, J. Braun, S. Bron, J. Brostean-Kaiser, A. Burgman, J. Buscher, R. S. Busse, T. Carver, C. Chen, E. Cheung, D. Chirkin, S. Choi, B. A. Clark, K. Clark, L. Classen, A. Coleman, G. H. Collin, J. M. Conrad, P. Coppin, P. Correa, D. F. Cowen, R. Cross, P. Dave, C. De Clercq, H. Dembinski, K. Deoskar, S. De Ridder, A. Desai, P. Desiati, K. D. de Vries, G. de Wasseige, M. de With, T. DeYoung, S. Dharani, A. Diaz, H. Dujmovic, M. Dunkman, E. Dvorak, T. Ehrhardt, P. Eller, R. Engel, P. A. Evenson, S. Fahey, A. R. Fazely, J. Felde, A. Fienberg, K. Filimonov, C. Finley, A. Franckowiak, E. Friedman, A. Fritz, T. K. Gaisser, J. Gallagher, E. Ganster, S. Garrappa, L. Gerhardt, T. Glauch, T. Glüsenkamp, A. Goldschmidt, J. G. Gonzalez, D. Grant, Z. Griffith, S. Griswold, M. Günder, M. Gündüz, C. Haack, A. Hallgren, R. Halliday, L. Halve, F. Halzen, K. Hanson, J. Hardin, A. Haungs, S. Hauser, D. Hebecker, D. Heereman, P. Heix, K. Helbing, R. Hellauer, F. Henningsen, S. Hickford, J. Hignight, C. Hill, G. C. Hill, K. D. Hoffman, R. Hoffmann, T. Hoinka, B. Hokanson-Fasig, K. Hoshina, F. Huang, M. Huber, T. Huber, K. Hultqvist, M. Hünnefeld, R. Hussain, S. In, N. Iovine, A. Ishihara, M. Jansson, G. S. Japaridze, M. Jeong, B. J. P. Jones, F. Jonske, R. Joppe, D. Kang, W. Kang, A. Kappes, D. Kappesser, T. Karg, M. Karl, A. Karle, U. Katz, M. Kauer, M. Kellermann, J. L. Kelley, A. Kheirandish, J. Kim, K. Kin, T. Kintscher, J. Kiryluk, T. Kittler, S. R. Klein, R. Koirala, H. Kolanoski, L. Köpke, C. Kopper, S. Kopper, D. J. Koskinen, P. Koundal, M. Kowalski, K. Krings, G. Krückl, N. Kulacz, N. Kurahashi, A. Kyriacou, J. L. Lanfranchi, M. J. Larson, F. Lauber, J. P. Lazar, K. Leonard, A. Leszczyńska, Y. Li, Q. R. Liu, E. Lohfink, C. J. Lozano Mariscal, L. Lu, F. Lucarelli, A. Ludwig, J. Lünemann, W. Luszczak, Y. Lyu, W. Y. Ma, J. Madsen, G. Maggi, K. B. M. Mahn, Y. Makino, P. Mallik, S. Mancina, I. C. Mariş, R. Maruyama, K. Mase, R. Maunu, F. McNally, K. Meagher, M. Medici, A. Medina, M. Meier, S. Meighen-Berger, J. Merz, T. Meures, J. Micallef, D. Mockler, G. Momenté, T. Montaruli, R. W. Moore, R. Morse, M. Moulai, P. Muth, R. Nagai, U. Naumann, G. Neer, L. V. Nguyen, H. Niederhausen, S. C. Nowicki, D. R. Nygren, A. Obertacke Pollmann, M. Oehler, A. Olivas, A. O'Murchadha, E. O'Sullivan, H. Pandya, D. V. Pankova, N. Park, G. K. Parker, E. N. Paudel, P. Peiffer, C. Pérez de los Heros, S. Philippen, D. Pieloth, S. Pieper, E. Pinat, A. Pizzuto, M. Plum, Y. Popovych, A. Porcelli, M. Prado Rodriguez, P. B. Price, G. T. Przybylski, C. Raab, A. Raissi, M. Rameez, L. Rauch, K. Rawlins, I. C. Rea, A. Rehman, R. Reimann, B. Relethford, M. Renschler, G. Renzi, E. Resconi, W. Rhode, M. Richman, B. Riedel, S. Robertson, G. Roellinghoff, M. Rongen, C. Rott, T. Ruhe, D. Ryckbosch, D. Rysewyk Cantu, I. Safa, S. E. Sanchez Herrera, A. Sandrock, J. Sandroos, M. Santander, S. Sarkar, S. Sarkar, K. Satalecka, M. Scharf, M. Schaufel, H. Schieler, P. Schlunder, T. Schmidt, A. Schneider, J. Schneider, F. G. Schröder, L. Schumacher, S. Sclafani, D. Seckel, S. Seunarine, S. Shefali, M. Silva, B. Smithers, R. Snihur, J. Soedingrekso, D. Soldin, M. Song, G. M. Spiczak, C. Spiering, J. Stachurska, M. Stamatikos, T. Stanev, R. Stein, J. Stettner, A. Steuer, T. Stezelberger, R. G. Stokstad, N. L. Strotjohann, T. Stürwald, T. Stuttard, G. W. Sullivan, I. Taboada, F. Tenholt, S. Ter-Antonyan, A. Terliuk, S. Tilav, L. Tomankova, C. Tönnis, S. Toscano, D. Tosi, A. Trettin, M. Tselengidou, C. F. Tung, A. Turcati, R. Turcotte, B. Ty, E. Unger, M. A. Unland Elorrieta, M. Usner, J. Vandenbroucke, W. Van Driessche, D. van Eijk, N. van Eijndhoven, D. Vannerom, J. van Santen, S. Verpoest, M. Vraeghe, C. Walck, A. Wallace, M. Wallraff, T. B. Watson, C. Weaver, A. Weindl, M. J. Weiss, J. Weldert, C. Wendt, J. Werthebach, B. J. Whelan, N. Whitehorn, K. Wiebe, C. H. Wiebusch, D. R. Williams, L. Wills, M. Wolf, T. R. Wood, K. Woschnagg, G. Wrede, J. Wulff, X. W. Xu, Y. Xu, J. P. Yanez, S. Yoshida, T. Yuan, Z. Zhang, and M. Zöcklein [hide authors].
The High Altitude Water Cherenkov (HAWC) and IceCube observatories, through
the Astrophysical Multimessenger Observatory Network (AMON) framework, have
developed a multimessenger joint search for extragalactic astrophysical
sources. This analysis looks for sources that emit both cosmic neutrinos and
gamma rays that are produced in photo-hadronic or hadronic interactions. The
AMON system is running continuously, receiving sub-threshold data (i.e. data
that is not suited on its own to do astrophysical searches) from HAWC and
IceCube, and combining them in real-time. We present here the analysis
algorithm, as well as results from archival data collected between June 2015
and August 2018, with a total live-time of 3.0 years. During this period we
found two coincident events that have a false alarm rate (FAR) of $<1$
coincidence per year, consistent with the background expectations. The
real-time implementation of the analysis in the AMON system began on November
20th, 2019, and issues alerts to the community through the Gamma-ray
Coordinates Network with a FAR threshold of $<4$ coincidences per year.
- Retrieval of energy spectra for all flavor of neutrinos from
core-collapse supernova with multiple detectors
2008.10082 [abs] [pdf]
[abstract]
by Hiroki Nagakura.
We present a new method by which to retrieve energy spectrum for all flavor
of neutrinos from core-collapse supernova (CCSN). In the retrieval process, we
do not assume any analytic formulae to express the energy spectrum of neutrinos
but rather take a direct way of spectrum reconstruction from the observed data;
the Singular Value Decomposition algorithm with a newly developed adaptive
energy-gridding technique is adopted. We employ three independent reaction
channels having different flavor sensitivity to neutrinos. Two reaction
channels, inverse beta decay on proton and elastic scattering on electrons,
from a water Cherenkov detector such as Super-Kamiokande (SK) and
Hyper-Kamiokande (HK), and a charged current reaction channel with Argon from
the Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment (DUNE) are adopted. Given neutrino
oscillation models, we iteratively search the neutrino energy spectra at the
CCSN source until they provide the consistent event counts in the three
reaction channels. We test the capability of our method by demonstrating the
spectrum retrieval to a theoretical neutrino data computed by our recent
three-dimensional CCSN simulation. Although the energy spectrum with either
electron-type or electron-type anti-neutrinos at the CCSN source has relatively
large error compared to that of other species, the joint analysis with HK +
DUNE or SK + DUNE will provide precise energy spectrum of all flavors of
neutrinos at the source. Finally, we discuss perspectives for improvements of
our method by using neutrino data of other detectors.
- Global oscillation data analysis on the $3ν$ mixing without unitarity
2008.09730 [abs] [pdf]
[abstract]
by Zhuojun Hu, [and 3 more]Jiajie Ling, Jian Tang, and TseChun Wang [hide authors].
We present results of a combined analysis in neutrino oscillations without
unitarity assumption in the $3\nu$ mixing picture. Constraints on neutrino
mixing matrix elements are based on recent data from the reactor, solar and
long-baseline accelerator neutrino oscillation experiments. The current data
are consistent with the standard $3\nu$ scheme. The precision on different
matrix elements can be as good as a few percent at $3\sigma$ CL, and is mainly
limited by the experimental statistical uncertainty. The $\nu_e$ related
elements are the most precisely measured among all sectors with the
uncertainties $<20\%$. The measured leptonic CP violation is very close to the
one assuming the standard $3\nu$ mixing. The deviations on normalization and
the unitarity triangle closure are confined within $\mathcal{O}(10^{-3})$,
$\mathcal{O}(10^{-2})$ and $\mathcal{O}(10^{-1})$, for $\nu_e$, $\nu_{\mu}$ and
$\nu_{\tau}$ sectors, respectively. We look forward to the next-generation
neutrino oscillation experiments \textit{such as} DUNE, T2HK, and JUNO,
especially the precise measurements on $\nu_\tau$ oscillations, to
significantly improve the precision of unitarity test on the $3\nu$ mixing
matrix.
- Neutrinos in a dense medium, CP and CPT violations: Beyond the MSW
effect
2008.08119 [abs] [pdf]
[abstract]
by Antonio Capolupo, Salvatore Marco Giampaolo, and Aniello Quaranta.
We present a theory of neutrino oscillations in a dense medium which goes
beyond the effective matter potential used in the description of the MSW
effect. We show how the purity of the neutrino state is degraded by neutrino
interactions with the environment and how neutrino--matter interactions can be
a source of decoherence. We present new oscillation formulae for neutrinos
interacting with leptons and carry out a numerical analysis which exhibits
deviations from the MSW formulae for propagation in dense objects, such as
white dwarfs, with energies of order of $1 GeV$. In particular, we show that at
high density and/or high neutrino energy, the vanishing transition
probabilities derived for MSW effect, are non zero when the scattering is taken
into account. Moreover, we analyze CP and CPT symmetry violations due to the
scattering term and to the related decoherence effect.
- Summary of Workshop on Common Neutrino Event Generator Tools
2008.06566 [abs] [pdf]
[abstract]
by Josh Barrow, [and 22 more]Minerba Betancourt, Linda Cremonesi, Steve Dytman, Laura Fields, Hugh Gallagher, Steven Gardiner, Walter Giele, Robert Hatcher, Joshua Isaacson, Teppei Katori, Pedro Machado, Kendall Mahn, Kevin McFarland, Vishvas Pandey, Afroditi Papadopoulou, Cheryl Patrick, Gil Paz, Luke Pickering, Noemi Rocco, Jan Sobczyk, Jeremy Wolcott, and Clarence Wret [hide authors].
A neutrino community workshop was held at Fermilab in Jan 2020, with the aim
of developing an implementation plan for a set of common interfaces to Neutrino
Event Generators. This white paper summarizes discussions at the workshop and
the resulting plan.
- Ultralight Fermionic Dark Matter
2008.06505 [abs] [pdf]
[abstract]
by Hooman Davoudiasl, Peter B. Denton, and David A. McGady.
Conventional lore from Tremaine and Gunn excludes fermionic dark matter
lighter than a few hundred eV, based on the Pauli exclusion principle. We
highlight a simple way of evading this bound with a large number of species
that leads to numerous non-trivial consequences. In this scenario there are
many distinct species of fermions with quasi-degenerate masses and no couplings
to the standard model. Nonetheless, gravitational interactions lead to
constraints from measurements at the LHC, of cosmic rays, of supernovae, and of
black hole spins and lifetimes. We find that the LHC constrains the number of
distinct species, bosons or fermions lighter than $\sim 500$ GeV, to be $N
\lesssim 10^{62}$. This, in particular, implies that roughly degenerate
fermionic dark matter must be heavier than $\sim 10^{-14}$ eV, which thus
relaxes the Tremaine-Gunn bound by $\sim 16$ orders of magnitude. Slightly
weaker constraints applying to masses up to $\sim100$ TeV exist from cosmic ray
measurements while various constraints on masses $\lesssim10^{-10}$ eV apply
from black hole observations. We consider a variety of phenomenological bounds
on the number of species of particles. Finally, we note that there exist
theoretical considerations regarding quantum gravity which could impose more
severe constraints that may limit the number of physical states to $N\lesssim
10^{32}$.
- Measurement of the cosmic-ray energy spectrum above $2.5{\times}
10^{18}$ eV using the Pierre Auger Observatory
2008.06486 [abs] [pdf]
[abstract]
by The Pierre Auger Collaboration, [and 382 more]A. Aab, P. Abreu, M. Aglietta, J. M. Albury, I. Allekotte, A. Almela, J. Alvarez Castillo, J. Alvarez-Muñiz, R. Alves Batista, G. A. Anastasi, L. Anchordoqui, B. Andrada, S. Andringa, C. Aramo, P. R. Araújo Ferreira, H. Asorey, P. Assis, G. Avila, A. M. Badescu, A. Bakalova, A. Balaceanu, F. Barbato, R. J. Barreira Luz, K. H. Becker, J. A. Bellido, C. Berat, M. E. Bertaina, X. Bertou, P. L. Biermann, T. Bister, J. Biteau, A. Blanco, J. Blazek, C. Bleve, M. Boháčová, D. Boncioli, C. Bonifazi, L. Bonneau Arbeletche, N. Borodai, A. M. Botti, J. Brack, T. Bretz, F. L. Briechle, P. Buchholz, A. Bueno, S. Buitink, M. Buscemi, K. S. Caballero-Mora, L. Caccianiga, L. Calcagni, A. Cancio, F. Canfora, I. Caracas, J. M. Carceller, R. Caruso, A. Castellina, F. Catalani, G. Cataldi, L. Cazon, M. Cerda, J. A. Chinellato, K. Choi, J. Chudoba, L. Chytka, R. W. Clay, A. C. Cobos Cerutti, R. Colalillo, A. Coleman, M. R. Coluccia, R. Conceição, A. Condorelli, G. Consolati, F. Contreras, F. Convenga, C. E. Covault, S. Dasso, K. Daumiller, B. R. Dawson, J. A. Day, R. M. de Almeida, J. de Jesús, S. J. de Jong, G. De Mauro, J. R. T. de Mello Neto, I. De Mitri, J. de Oliveira, D. de Oliveira Franco, V. de Souza, E. De Vito, J. Debatin, M. del Río, O. Deligny, H. Dembinski, N. Dhital, C. Di Giulio, A. Di Matteo, M. L. Díaz Castro, C. Dobrigkeit, J. C. D'Olivo, Q. Dorosti, R. C. dos Anjos, M. T. Dova, J. Ebr, R. Engel, I. Epicoco, M. Erdmann, C. O. Escobar, A. Etchegoyen, H. Falcke, J. Farmer, G. Farrar, A. C. Fauth, N. Fazzini, F. Feldbusch, F. Fenu, B. Fick, J. M. Figueira, A. Filipčič, T. Fodran, M. M. Freire, T. Fujii, A. Fuster, C. Galea, C. Galelli, B. García, A. L. Garcia Vegas, H. Gemmeke, F. Gesualdi, A. Gherghel-Lascu, P. L. Ghia, U. Giaccari, M. Giammarchi, M. Giller, J. Glombitza, F. Gobbi, F. Gollan, G. Golup, M. Gómez Berisso, P. F. Gómez Vitale, J. P. Gongora, N. González, I. Goos, D. Góra, A. Gorgi, M. Gottowik, T. D. Grubb, F. Guarino, G. P. Guedes, E. Guido, S. Hahn, R. Halliday, M. R. Hampel, P. Hansen, D. Harari, V. M. Harvey, A. Haungs, T. Hebbeker, D. Heck, G. C. Hill, C. Hojvat, J. R. Hörandel, P. Horvath, M. Hrabovský, T. Huege, J. Hulsman, A. Insolia, P. G. Isar, J. A. Johnsen, J. Jurysek, A. Kääpä, K. H. Kampert, B. Keilhauer, J. Kemp, H. O. Klages, M. Kleifges, J. Kleinfeller, M. Köpke, G. Kukec Mezek, B. L. Lago, D. LaHurd, R. G. Lang, M. A. Leigui de Oliveira, V. Lenok, A. Letessier-Selvon, I. Lhenry-Yvon, D. Lo Presti, L. Lopes, R. López, R. Lorek, Q. Luce, A. Lucero, A. Machado Payeras, M. Malacari, G. Mancarella, D. Mandat, B. C. Manning, J. Manshanden, P. Mantsch, S. Marafico, A. G. Mariazzi, I. C. Mariş, G. Marsella, D. Martello, H. Martinez, O. Martínez Bravo, M. Mastrodicasa, H. J. Mathes, J. Matthews, G. Matthiae, E. Mayotte, P. O. Mazur, G. Medina-Tanco, D. Melo, A. Menshikov, K. -D. Merenda, S. Michal, M. I. Micheletti, L. Miramonti, D. Mockler, S. Mollerach, F. Montanet, C. Morello, M. Mostafá, A. L. Müller, M. A. Muller, K. Mulrey, R. Mussa, M. Muzio, W. M. Namasaka, L. Nellen, P. H. Nguyen, M. Niculescu-Oglinzanu, M. Niechciol, D. Nitz, D. Nosek, V. Novotny, L. Nožka, A Nucita, L. A. Núñez, M. Palatka, J. Pallotta, M. P. Panetta, P. Papenbreer, G. Parente, A. Parra, M. Pech, F. Pedreira, J. Pękala, R. Pelayo, J. Peña-Rodriguez, J. Perez Armand, M. Perlin, L. Perrone, C. Peters, S. Petrera, T. Pierog, M. Pimenta, V. Pirronello, M. Platino, B. Pont, M. Pothast, P. Privitera, M. Prouza, A. Puyleart, S. Querchfeld, J. Rautenberg, D. Ravignani, M. Reininghaus, J. Ridky, F. Riehn, M. Risse, P. Ristori, V. Rizi, W. Rodrigues de Carvalho, G. Rodriguez Fernandez, J. Rodriguez Rojo, M. J. Roncoroni, M. Roth, E. Roulet, A. C. Rovero, P. Ruehl, S. J. Saffi, A. Saftoiu, F. Salamida, H. Salazar, G. Salina, J. D. Sanabria Gomez, F. Sánchez, E. M. Santos, E. Santos, F. Sarazin, R. Sarmento, C. Sarmiento-Cano, R. Sato, P. Savina, C. Schäfer, V. Scherini, H. Schieler, M. Schimassek, M. Schimp, F. Schlüter, D. Schmidt, O. Scholten, P. Schovánek, F. G. Schröder, S. Schröder, A. Schulz, S. J. Sciutto, M. Scornavacche, R. C. Shellard, G. Sigl, G. Silli, O. Sima, R. Šmída, P. Sommers, J. F. Soriano, J. Souchard, R. Squartini, M. Stadelmaier, D. Stanca, S. Stanič, J. Stasielak, P. Stassi, A. Streich, M. Suárez-Durán, T. Sudholz, T. Suomijärvi, A. D. Supanitsky, J. Šupík, Z. Szadkowski, A. Taboada, A. Tapia, C. Timmermans, O. Tkachenko, P. Tobiska, C. J. Todero Peixoto, B. Tomé, G. Torralba Elipe, A. Travaini, P. Travnicek, C. Trimarelli, M. Trini, M. Tueros, R. Ulrich, M. Unger, M. Urban, L. Vaclavek, M. Vacula, J. F. Valdés Galicia, I. Valiño, L. Valore, A. van Vliet, E. Varela, B. Vargas Cárdenas, A. Vásquez-Ramírez, D. Veberič, C. Ventura, I. D. Vergara Quispe, V. Verzi, J. Vicha, L. Villaseñor, J. Vink, S. Vorobiov, H. Wahlberg, A. A. Watson, M. Weber, A. Weindl, L. Wiencke, H. Wilczyński, T. Winchen, M. Wirtz, D. Wittkowski, B. Wundheiler, A. Yushkov, O. Zapparrata, E. Zas, D. Zavrtanik, M. Zavrtanik, L. Zehrer, A. Zepeda, M. Ziolkowski, and F. Zuccarello [hide authors].
We report a measurement of the energy spectrum of cosmic rays for energies
above $2.5 {\times} 10^{18}~$eV based on 215,030 events recorded with zenith
angles below $60^\circ$. A key feature of the work is that the estimates of the
energies are independent of assumptions about the unknown hadronic physics or
of the primary mass composition. The measurement is the most precise made
hitherto with the accumulated exposure being so large that the measurements of
the flux are dominated by systematic uncertainties except at energies above $5
{\times} 10^{19}~$eV. The principal conclusions are: (1) The flattening of the
spectrum near $5 {\times} 10^{18}~$eV, the so-called "ankle", is confirmed. (2)
The steepening of the spectrum at around $5 {\times} 10^{19}~$eV is confirmed.
(3) A new feature has been identified in the spectrum: in the region above the
ankle the spectral index $\gamma$ of the particle flux ($\propto E^{-\gamma}$)
changes from $2.51 \pm 0.03~{\rm (stat.)} \pm 0.05~{\rm (sys.)}$ to $3.05 \pm
0.05~{\rm (stat.)} \pm 0.10~{\rm (sys.)}$ before changing sharply to $5.1 \pm
0.3~{\rm (stat.)} \pm 0.1~{\rm (sys.)}$ above $5 {\times} 10^{19}~$eV. (4) No
evidence for any dependence of the spectrum on declination has been found other
than a mild excess from the Southern Hemisphere that is consistent with the
anisotropy observed above $8 {\times} 10^{18}~$eV.
- Statistical interpretation of sterile neutrino oscillation searches at
reactors
2008.06083 [abs] [pdf]
[abstract]
by Pilar Coloma, Patrick Huber, and Thomas Schwetz.
A considerable experimental effort is currently under way to test the
persistent hints for oscillations due to an eV-scale sterile neutrino in the
data of various reactor neutrino experiments. The assessment of the statistical
significance of these hints is usually based on Wilks' theorem, whereby the
assumption is made that the log-likelihood is $\chi^2$-distributed. However, it
is well known that the preconditions for the validity of Wilks' theorem are not
fulfilled for neutrino oscillation experiments. In this work we derive a simple
asymptotic form of the actual distribution of the log-likelihood based on
reinterpreting the problem as fitting white Gaussian noise. From this formalism
we show that, even in the absence of a sterile neutrino, the expectation value
for the maximum likelihood estimate of the mixing angle remains non-zero with
attendant large values of the log-likelihood. Our analytical results are then
confirmed by numerical simulations of a toy reactor experiment. Finally, we
apply this framework to the data of the Neutrino-4 experiment and show that the
null hypothesis of no-oscillation is rejected at the 2.6\,$\sigma$ level,
compared to 3.2\,$\sigma$ obtained under the assumption that Wilks' theorem
applies.
- A Statistical Analysis of the COHERENT Data and Applications to New
Physics
2008.06062 [abs] [pdf]
[abstract]
by Peter B. Denton and Julia Gehrlein.
The observation of coherent elastic neutrino nucleus scattering (CE$\nu$NS)
by the COHERENT collaboration in 2017 has opened a new window to both test
Standard Model predictions at relatively low energies and probe new physics
scenarios. Our investigations show, however, that a careful treatment of the
statistical methods used to analyze the data is essential to derive correct
constraints and bounds on new physics parameters. In this manuscript we perform
a detailed analysis of the publicly available COHERENT CsI data making use of
all available background data. We point out that due to the low statistics of
the CsI data, Wilks' theorem is not fulfilled in general and a calculation of
the confidence regions via Monte Carlo simulations following a Feldman-Cousins
procedure is necessary. As an example for the necessity of this approach to
test new physics scenarios we quantify the allowed ranges for several scenarios
with neutrino non-standard interactions. We emphasize the effect of binning
which can change the constraints if incorrectly applied. Furthermore, we
provide accompanying code to enable an easy implementation of other new physics
scenarios as well as data files of our results.
- Unusual Near-horizon Cosmic-ray-like Events Observed by ANITA-IV
2008.05690 [abs] [pdf]
[abstract]
by ANITA Collaboration, [and 59 more]P. W. Gorham, A. Ludwig, C. Deaconu, P. Cao, P. Allison, O. Banerjee, L. Batten, D. Bhattacharya, J. J. Beatty, K. Belov, W. R. Binns, V. Bugaev, C. H. Chen, P. Chen, Y. Chen, J. M. Clem, L. Cremonesi, B. Dailey, P. F. Dowkontt, B. D. Fox, J. W. H. Gordon, C. Hast, B. Hill, S. Y. Hsu, J. J. Huang, K. Hughes, R. Hupe, M. H. Israel, T. C. Liu, L. Macchiarulo, S. Matsuno, K. McBride, C. Miki, J. Nam, C. J. Naudet, R. J. Nichol, A. Novikov, E. Oberla, M. Olmedo, R. Prechelt, S. Prohira, B. F. Rauch, J. M. Roberts, A. Romero-Wolf, B. Rotter, J. W. Russell, D. Saltzberg, D. Seckel, H. Schoorlemmer, J. Shiao, S. Stafford, J. Stockham, M. Stockham, B. Strutt, M. S. Sutherland, G. S. Varner, A. G. Vieregg, S. H. Wang, and S. A. Wissel [hide authors].
ANITA's fourth long-duration balloon flight in late 2016 detected 29
cosmic-ray (CR)-like events on a background of $0.37^{+0.27}_{-0.17}$
anthropogenic events. CRs are mainly seen in reflection off the Antarctic ice
sheets, creating a characteristic phase-inverted waveform polarity. However,
four of the below-horizon CR-like events show anomalous non-inverted polarity,
a $p = 5.3 \times 10^{-4}$ chance if due to background. All anomalous events
are from locations near the horizon; ANITA-IV observed no steeply-upcoming
anomalous events similar to the two such events seen in prior flights.
- IceCube-Gen2: The Window to the Extreme Universe
2008.04323 [abs] [pdf]
[abstract]
by The IceCube-Gen2 Collaboration, [and 435 more]:, M. G. Aartsen, R. Abbasi, M. Ackermann, J. Adams, J. A. Aguilar, M. Ahlers, M. Ahrens, C. Alispach, P. Allison, N. M. Amin, K. Andeen, T. Anderson, I. Ansseau, G. Anton, C. Argüelles, T. C. Arlen, J. Auffenberg, S. Axani, H. Bagherpour, X. Bai, A. Balagopal V., A. Barbano, I. Bartos, B. Bastian, V. Basu, V. Baum, S. Baur, R. Bay, J. J. Beatty, K. -H. Becker, J. Becker Tjus, S. BenZvi, D. Berley, E. Bernardini, D. Z. Besson, G. Binder, D. Bindig, E. Blaufuss, S. Blot, C. Bohm, M. Bohmer, S. Böser, O. Botner, J. Böttcher, E. Bourbeau, J. Bourbeau, F. Bradascio, J. Braun, S. Bron, J. Brostean-Kaiser, A. Burgman, R. T. Burley, J. Buscher, R. S. Busse, M. Bustamante, M. A. Campana, E. G. Carnie-Bronca, T. Carver, C. Chen, P. Chen, E. Cheung, D. Chirkin, S. Choi, B. A. Clark, K. Clark, L. Classen, A. Coleman, G. H. Collin, A. Connolly, J. M. Conrad, P. Coppin, P. Correa, D. F. Cowen, R. Cross, P. Dave, C. Deaconu, C. De Clercq, J. J. DeLaunay, S. De Kockere, H. Dembinski, K. Deoskar, S. De Ridder, A. Desai, P. Desiati, K. D. de Vries, G. de Wasseige, M. de With, T. DeYoung, S. Dharani, A. Diaz, J. C. Díaz-Vélez, H. Dujmovic, M. Dunkman, M. A. DuVernois, E. Dvorak, T. Ehrhardt, P. Eller, R. Engel, J. J. Evans, P. A. Evenson, S. Fahey, K. Farrag, A. R. Fazely, J. Felde, A. T. Fienberg, K. Filimonov, C. Finley, L. Fischer, D. Fox, A. Franckowiak, E. Friedman, A. Fritz, T. K. Gaisser, J. Gallagher, E. Ganster, D. Garcia-Fernandez, S. Garrappa, A. Gartner, L. Gerhardt, R. Gernhaeuser, A. Ghadimi, C. Glaser, T. Glauch, T. Glüsenkamp, A. Goldschmidt, J. G. Gonzalez, S. Goswami, D. Grant, T. Grégoire, Z. Griffith, S. Griswold, M. Gündüz, C. Haack, A. Hallgren, R. Halliday, L. Halve, F. Halzen, J. C. Hanson, K. Hanson, J. Hardin, J. Haugen, A. Haungs, S. Hauser, D. Hebecker, D. Heinen, P. Heix, K. Helbing, R. Hellauer, F. Henningsen, S. Hickford, J. Hignight, C. Hill, G. C. Hill, K. D. Hoffman, B. Hoffmann, R. Hoffmann, T. Hoinka, B. Hokanson-Fasig, K. Holzapfel, K. Hoshina, F. Huang, M. Huber, T. Huber, T. Huege, K. Hughes, K. Hultqvist, M. Hünnefeld, R. Hussain, S. In, N. Iovine, A. Ishihara, M. Jansson, G. S. Japaridze, M. Jeong, B. J. P. Jones, F. Jonske, R. Joppe, O. Kalekin, D. Kang, W. Kang, X. Kang, A. Kappes, D. Kappesser, T. Karg, M. Karl, A. Karle, T. Katori, U. Katz, M. Kauer, A. Keivani, M. Kellermann, J. L. Kelley, A. Kheirandish, J. Kim, K. Kin, T. Kintscher, J. Kiryluk, T. Kittler, M. Kleifges, S. R. Klein, R. Koirala, H. Kolanoski, L. Köpke, C. Kopper, S. Kopper, D. J. Koskinen, P. Koundal, M. Kovacevich, M. Kowalski, C. B. Krauss, K. Krings, G. Krückl, N. Kulacz, N. Kurahashi, C. Lagunas Gualda, R. Lahmann, J. L. Lanfranchi, M. J. Larson, U. Latif, F. Lauber, J. P. Lazar, K. Leonard, A. Leszczyńska, Y. Li, Q. R. Liu, E. Lohfink, J. LoSecco, C. J. Lozano Mariscal, L. Lu, F. Lucarelli, A. Ludwig, J. Lünemann, W. Luszczak, Y. Lyu, W. Y. Ma, J. Madsen, G. Maggi, K. B. M. Mahn, Y. Makino, P. Mallik, S. Mancina, S. Mandalia, I. C. Mariş, S. Marka, Z. Marka, R. Maruyama, K. Mase, R. Maunu, F. McNally, K. Meagher, A. Medina, M. Meier, S. Meighen-Berger, J. Merz, Z. S. Meyers, J. Micallef, D. Mockler, G. Momenté, T. Montaruli, R. W. Moore, R. Morse, M. Moulai, P. Muth, R. Naab, R. Nagai, J. Nam, U. Naumann, J. Necker, G. Neer, A. Nelles, L. V. Nguyên, H. Niederhausen, M. U. Nisa, S. C. Nowicki, D. R. Nygren, E. Oberla, A. Obertacke Pollmann, M. Oehler, A. Olivas, E. O'Sullivan, Y. Pan, H. Pandya, D. V. Pankova, L. Papp, N. Park, G. K. Parker, E. N. Paudel, P. Peiffer, C. Pérez de los Heros, T. C. Petersen, S. Philippen, D. Pieloth, S. Pieper, J. L. Pinfold, A. Pizzuto, I. Plaisier, M. Plum, Y. Popovych, A. Porcelli, M. Prado Rodriguez, P. B. Price, G. T. Przybylski, C. Raab, A. Raissi, M. Rameez, L. Rauch, K. Rawlins, I. C. Rea, A. Rehman, R. Reimann, M. Renschler, G. Renzi, E. Resconi, S. Reusch, W. Rhode, M. Richman, B. Riedel, M. Riegel, E. J. Roberts, S. Robertson, G. Roellinghoff, M. Rongen, C. Rott, T. Ruhe, D. Ryckbosch, D. Rysewyk Cantu, I. Safa, S. E. Sanchez Herrera, A. Sandrock, J. Sandroos, P. Sandstrom, M. Santander, S. Sarkar, S. Sarkar, K. Satalecka, M. Scharf, M. Schaufel, H. Schieler, P. Schlunder, T. Schmidt, A. Schneider, J. Schneider, F. G. Schröder, L. Schumacher, S. Sclafani, D. Seckel, S. Seunarine, M. H. Shaevitz, A. Sharma, S. Shefali, M. Silva, D. Smith, B. Smithers, R. Snihur, J. Soedingrekso, D. Soldin, S. Söldner-Rembold, M. Song, D. Southall, G. M. Spiczak, C. Spiering, J. Stachurska, M. Stamatikos, T. Stanev, R. Stein, J. Stettner, A. Steuer, T. Stezelberger, R. G. Stokstad, N. L. Strotjohann, T. Stürwald, T. Stuttard, G. W. Sullivan, I. Taboada, A. Taketa, H. K. M. Tanaka, F. Tenholt, S. Ter-Antonyan, A. Terliuk, S. Tilav, K. Tollefson, L. Tomankova, C. Tönnis, J. Torres, S. Toscano, D. Tosi, A. Trettin, M. Tselengidou, C. F. Tung, A. Turcati, R. Turcotte, C. F. Turley, J. P. Twagirayezu, B. Ty, E. Unger, M. A. Unland Elorrieta, J. Vandenbroucke, D. van Eijk, N. van Eijndhoven, D. Vannerom, J. van Santen, D. Veberic, S. Verpoest, A. Vieregg, M. Vraeghe, C. Walck, T. B. Watson, C. Weaver, A. Weindl, L. Weinstock, M. J. Weiss, J. Weldert, C. Welling, C. Wendt, J. Werthebach, N. Whitehorn, K. Wiebe, C. H. Wiebusch, D. R. Williams, S. A. Wissel, M. Wolf, T. R. Wood, K. Woschnagg, G. Wrede, S. Wren, J. Wulff, X. W. Xu, Y. Xu, J. P. Yanez, S. Yoshida, T. Yuan, Z. Zhang, S. Zierke, and M. Zöcklein [hide authors].
The observation of electromagnetic radiation from radio to $\gamma$-ray
wavelengths has provided a wealth of information about the universe. However,
at PeV (10$^{15}$ eV) energies and above, most of the universe is impenetrable
to photons. New messengers, namely cosmic neutrinos, are needed to explore the
most extreme environments of the universe where black holes, neutron stars, and
stellar explosions transform gravitational energy into non-thermal cosmic rays.
The discovery of cosmic neutrinos with IceCube has opened this new window on
the universe. In this white paper, we present an overview of a next-generation
instrument, IceCube-Gen2, which will sharpen our understanding of the processes
and environments that govern the universe at the highest energies. IceCube-Gen2
is designed to: 1) Resolve the high-energy neutrino sky from TeV to EeV
energies; 2) Investigate cosmic particle acceleration through multi-messenger
observations; 3) Reveal the sources and propagation of the highest energy
particles in the universe; 4) Probe fundamental physics with high-energy
neutrinos. IceCube-Gen2 will increase the annual rate of observed cosmic
neutrinos by a factor of ten compared to IceCube, and will be able to detect
sources five times fainter than its predecessor. Furthermore, through the
addition of a radio array, IceCube-Gen2 will extend the energy range by several
orders of magnitude compared to IceCube. Construction will take 8 years and
cost about \$350M. The goal is to have IceCube-Gen2 fully operational by 2033.
IceCube-Gen2 will play an essential role in shaping the new era of
multi-messenger astronomy, fundamentally advancing our knowledge of the
high-energy universe. This challenging mission can be fully addressed only in
concert with the new survey instruments across the electromagnetic spectrum and
gravitational wave detectors which will be available in the coming years.
- Future CEvNS experiments as probes of lepton unitarity and light-sterile
neutrinos
2008.02759 [abs] [pdf]
[abstract]
by O. G. Miranda, [and 4 more]D. K. Papoulias, O. Sanders, M. Tórtola, and J. W. F. Valle [hide authors].
We determine the sensitivities of short-baseline coherent elastic
neutrino-nucleus scattering (CE$\nu$NS) experiments using a pion decay at rest
neutrino source as a probe for nonunitarity in the lepton sector, as expected
in low-scale type-I seesaw schemes. We also identify the best configuration for
probing light sterile neutrinos at future ton-scale liquid argon CE$\nu$NS
experiments, estimating the projected sensitivities on the sterile neutrino
parameters. Possible experimental setups at the Spallation Neutron Source,
Lujan facility and the European Spallation Source are discussed. Provided that
systematic uncertainties remain under control, we find that CE$\nu$NS
experiments will be competitive with oscillation measurements in the long run.
- CP-Violating Neutrino Non-Standard Interactions in
Long-Baseline-Accelerator Data
2008.01110 [abs] [pdf]
[abstract]
by Peter B. Denton, Julia Gehrlein, and Rebekah Pestes.
Neutrino oscillations in matter provide a unique probe of new physics.
Leveraging the advent of neutrino appearance data from NOvA and T2K in recent
years, we investigate the presence of CP-violating neutrino non-standard
interactions in the oscillation data. We first show how to very simply
approximate the expected NSI parameters to resolve differences between two
long-baseline appearance experiments analytically. Then, by combining recent
NOvA and T2K data, we find a tantalizing hint of CP-violating NSI preferring a
new complex phase that is close to maximal: $\phi_{e\mu}$ or
$\phi_{e\tau}\approx3\pi/2$ with $|\epsilon_{e\mu}|$ or
$|\epsilon_{e\tau}|\sim0.2$. We then compare the results from long-baseline
data to constraints from IceCube and COHERENT.
July 2020
- The fate of hints: updated global analysis of three-flavor neutrino
oscillations
2007.14792 [abs] [pdf]
[abstract]
by Ivan Esteban, [and 4 more]M. C. Gonzalez-Garcia, Michele Maltoni, Thomas Schwetz, and Albert Zhou [hide authors].
Our herein described combined analysis of the latest neutrino oscillation
data presented at the Neutrino2020 conference shows that previous hints for the
neutrino mass ordering have significantly decreased, and normal ordering (NO)
is favored only at the $1.6\sigma$ level. Combined with the $\chi^2$ map
provided by Super-Kamiokande for their atmospheric neutrino data analysis the
hint for NO is at $2.7\sigma$. The CP conserving value $\delta_\text{CP} =
180^\circ$ is within $0.6\sigma$ of the global best fit point. Only if we
restrict to inverted mass ordering, CP violation is favored at the $\sim
3\sigma$ level. We discuss the origin of these results - which are driven by
the new data from the T2K and NOvA long-baseline experiments -, and the
relevance of the LBL-reactor oscillation frequency complementarity. The
previous $2.2\sigma$ tension in $\Delta m^2_{21}$ preferred by KamLAND and
solar experiments is also reduced to the $1.1\sigma$ level after the inclusion
of the latest Super-Kamiokande solar neutrino results. Finally we present
updated allowed ranges for the oscillation parameters and for the leptonic
Jarlskog determinant from the global analysis.
- The Uchuu Simulations: Data Release 1 and Dark Matter Halo
Concentrations
2007.14720 [abs] [pdf]
[abstract]
by Tomoaki Ishiyama, [and 13 more]Francisco Prada, Anatoly A. Klypin, Manodeep Sinha, R. Benton Metcalf, Eric Jullo, Bruno Altieri, Sofía A. Cora, Darren Croton, Sylvain de la Torre, David E. Millán-Calero, Taira Oogi, José Ruedas, and Cristian A. Vega-Martínez [hide authors].
We introduce the Uchuu suite of large high-resolution cosmological $N$-body
simulations. The largest simulation, named Uchuu, consists of 2.1 trillion
($12800^3$) dark matter particles in a box of 2.0 Gpc/h, and the mass of each
particle is $3.27 \times 10^{8}$ Msun/h. The highest resolution simulation,
called Shin-Uchuu, consists of 262 billion ($6400^3$) particles in a box of 140
Mpc/h, with a particle mass of $8.97 \times 10^{5}$ Msun/h. Combining these
simulations we can follow the evolution of dark matter haloes (and subhaloes)
spanning from dwarf galaxies to massive galaxy cluster hosts. We present basic
statistics, dark matter power spectra and halo (subhalo) mass function, to
demonstrate the huge dynamic range and superb statistics of the Uchuu
simulations. From the analysis of the evolution of the power spectra we
conclude that our simulations are accurate enough from the Baryon Acoustic
Oscillations up to very small scales. We also provide parameters of a
mass-concentration model, which describes the evolution of halo concentrations,
that reproduces our simulation data within 5% error. We make publicly available
various $N$-body products, as part of Uchuu Data Release 1, on the Skies &
Universes site. We also plan to release gravitational lensing maps, mock
galaxy, X-ray cluster and active galactic nuclei catalogues in the near future.
- A Dark Seesaw Solution to Low Energy Anomalies: MiniBooNE, the muon
$(g-2)$, and BaBar
2007.11813 [abs] [pdf]
[abstract]
by Asli Abdullahi, Matheus Hostert, and Silvia Pascoli.
A recent update from MiniBooNE has strengthened the observed $4.8\sigma$
excess of $e$-like events. Motivated by this and other notable deviations from
standard model predictions, such as the muon $(g-2)$, we propose a solution to
low energy anomalies through a dark neutrino sector. The model is
renormalizable and can also explain light neutrino masses with an anomaly-free
and dark $U(1)^\prime$ gauge symmetry broken at the GeV scale. Large kinetic
mixing leads to s-channel production of heavy neutral leptons at $e^+e^-$
colliders, where we point out and explain a $\gtrsim 2\sigma$ excess observed
in the BaBar monophoton data. Our model is also compatible with anomalous
$e$-like events seen at old accelerator experiments, as well as with an excess
of double vertex signatures observed at CCFR.
- Ultra-High-Energy Tau Neutrino Cross Sections with GRAND and POEMMA
2007.10334 [abs] [pdf]
[abstract]
by Peter B. Denton and Yves Kini.
Next generation neutrino experiments will push the limits in our
understanding of astroparticle physics in the neutrino sector to energies
orders of magnitude higher than the current state-of-the-art high-energy
neutrino experiment, IceCube. These experiments will use neutrinos to tell us
about the most extreme environments in the universe, while simultaneously
leveraging these extreme environments as probes of neutrino properties at the
highest energies accessible in the foreseeable future: $E\sim10^9$ GeV. At
these energies neutrinos are readily absorbed in the Earth. Assuming an
isotropic distribution, by looking at how the flux varies as a function of
angle through the Earth, we show that it is possible to extract the
$\nu_\tau$-$N$ cross section with precision at the $\sim20\%$ level ($1\sigma$
assuming Wilks' theorem) given $N_{\rm events}\sim100$ events.
- The Sound of Clearing the Throat: Gravitational Waves from a Black Hole
Orbiting in a Wormhole Geometry
2007.09135 [abs] [pdf]
[abstract]
by James B. Dent, [and 3 more]William E. Gabella, Kelly Holley-Bockelmann, and Thomas W. Kephart [hide authors].
Current ground-based gravitational wave detectors are tuned to capture the
collision of compact objects such as stellar origin black holes and neutron
stars; over 20 such events have been published to date. Theoretically, however,
more exotic compact objects may exist, collisions of which should also generate
copious gravitational waves. In this paper, we model the inspiral of a stellar
mass black hole into a stable, non-spinning, traversable wormhole, and find a
characteristic waveform -- an anti-chirp and/or burst -- as the black hole
emerges, i.e., outspirals, into our region of the Universe. This novel waveform
signature may be useful in searches for wormholes in future gravitational wave
data or used to constrain possible wormhole geometries in our Universe.
- Back to (Mass-)Square(d) One: The Neutrino Mass Ordering in Light of
Recent Data
2007.08526 [abs] [pdf]
[abstract]
by Kevin J. Kelly, [and 4 more]Pedro A. N. Machado, Stephen J. Parke, Yuber F. Perez-Gonzalez, and Renata Zukanovich Funchal [hide authors].
We inspect recently updated neutrino oscillation data -- specifically coming
from the Tokai to Kamioka and NuMI Off-axis $\nu_e$ Appearance experiments --
and how they are analyzed to determine whether the neutrino mass ordering is
normal ($m_1 < m_2 < m_3$) or inverted ($m_3 < m_1 < m_2$). We show that,
despite previous results giving a strong preference for the normal ordering,
with the newest data from T2K and NOvA, this preference has all but vanished.
Additionally, we highlight the importance of this result for non-oscillation
probes of neutrinos, including neutrinoless double beta decay and cosmology.
Future experiments, including JUNO, DUNE, and T2HK will provide valuable
information and determine the mass ordering at a high confidence level.
- Search for $hep$ solar neutrinos and the diffuse supernova neutrino
background using all three phases of the Sudbury Neutrino Observatory
2007.08018 [abs] [pdf]
[abstract]
by B. Aharmim, [and 131 more]S. N. Ahmed, A. E. Anthony, N. Barros, E. W. Beier, A. Bellerive, B. Beltran, M. Bergevin, S. D. Biller, E. Blucher, R. Bonventre, K. Boudjemline, M. G. Boulay, B. Cai, E. J. Callaghan, J. Caravaca, Y. D. Chan, D. Chauhan, M. Chen, B. T. Cleveland, G. A. Cox, X. Dai, H. Deng, F. B. Descamps, J. A. Detwiler, P. J. Doe, G. Doucas, P. -L. Drouin, M. Dunford, S. R. Elliott, H. C. Evans, G. T. Ewan, J. Farine, H. Fergani, F. Fleurot, R. J. Ford, J. A. Formaggio, N. Gagnon, K. Gilje, J. TM. Goon, K. Graham, E. Guillian, S. Habib, R. L. Hahn, A. L. Hallin, E. D. Hallman, P. J. Harvey, R. Hazama, W. J. Heintzelman, J. Heise, R. L. Helmer, A. Hime, C. Howard, M. Huang, P. Jagam, B. Jamieson, N. A. Jelley, M. Jerkins, K. J. Keeter, J. R. Klein, L. L. Kormos, M. Kos, C. Kraus, C. B. Krauss, A. Krüger, T. Kutter, C. C. M. Kyba, K. Labe, B. J. Land, R. Lange, A. LaTorre, J. Law, I. T. Lawson, K. T. Lesko, J. R. Leslie, I. Levine, J. C. Loach, R. MacLellan, S. Majerus, H. B. Mak, J. Maneira, R. D. Martin, A. Mastbaum, N. McCauley, A. B. McDonald, S. R. McGee, M. L. Miller, B. Monreal, J. Monroe, B. G. Nickel, A. J. Noble, H. M. O'Keeffe, N. S. Oblath, C. E. Okada, R. W. Ollerhead, G. D. Orebi Gann, S. M. Oser, R. A. Ott, S. J. M. Peeters, A. W. P. Poon, G. Prior, S. D. Reitzner, K. Rielage, B. C. Robertson, R. G. H. Robertson, M. H. Schwendener, J. A. Secrest, S. R. Seibert, O. Simard, D. Sinclair, P. Skensved, T. J. Sonley, L. C. Stonehill, G. Tešić, N. Tolich, T. Tsui, R. Van Berg, B. A. VanDevender, C. J. Virtue, B. L. Wall, D. Waller, H. Wan Chan Tseung, D. L. Wark, J. Wendland, N. West, J. F. Wilkerson, J. R. Wilson, T. Winchester, A. Wright, M. Yeh, F. Zhang, and K. Zuber [hide authors].
A search has been performed for neutrinos from two sources, the $hep$
reaction in the solar $pp$ fusion chain and the $\nu_e$ component of the
diffuse supernova neutrino background (DSNB), using the full dataset of the
Sudbury Neutrino Observatory with a total exposure of 2.47 kton-years after
fiducialization. The $hep$ search is performed using both a single-bin counting
analysis and a likelihood fit. We find a best-fit flux that is compatible with
solar model predictions while remaining consistent with zero flux, and set a
one-sided upper limit of $\Phi_{hep} <
30\times10^{3}~\mathrm{cm}^{-2}~\mathrm{s}^{-1}$ [90% credible interval (CI)].
No events are observed in the DSNB search region, and we set an improved upper
bound on the $\nu_e$ component of the DSNB flux of $\Phi^\mathrm{DSNB}_{\nu_e}
< 19~\textrm{cm}^{-2}~\textrm{s}^{-1}$ (90% CI) in the energy range $22.9 <
E_\nu < 36.9$~MeV.
- Charm contribution to ultrahigh-energy neutrinos from newborn magnetars
2007.07945 [abs] [pdf]
[abstract]
by Jose Alonso Carpio, [and 4 more]Kohta Murase, Mary Hall Reno, Ina Sarcevic, and Anna Stasto [hide authors].
Newborn, strongly magnetized neutron stars (so-called magnetars) surrounded
by their stellar or merger ejecta are expected to be sources of
ultrahigh-energy neutrinos via decay of mesons produced in hadronic
interactions of protons which are accelerated to ultrahigh energies by magnetic
dissipation of the spindown energy. We show that not only pions and kaons but
also charm hadrons, which are typically neglected due to their small production
cross sections, can represent dominant contributions to neutrino fluence at
ultrahigh energies, because of their short lifetimes, while the
ultrahigh-energy neutrino fluence from pion and kaon production is suppressed
at early times due to their significant cooling before their decay. We show
that the next-generation detectors such as Probe Of Extreme Multi-Messenger
Astrophysics (POEMMA), Giant Radio Array for Neurtino Detection (GRAND) and
IceCube-Gen2 have a good chance of observing neutrinos, primarily originating
from charm hadrons, from nearby magnetars. We also show that neutrinos from
nearby magnetar-driven merger novae could be observed in the time interval
between $10^2$ s and $10^3$ s, where the charm hadron contribution is dominant
for neutrino energies above $10^8$ GeV, of relevance to next generation
detectors. We also comment on potential impacts of the charm hadron
contribution to the diffuse neutrino flux.
- Relaxing Cosmological Neutrino Mass Bounds with Unstable Neutrinos
2007.04994 [abs] [pdf]
[abstract]
by Miguel Escudero, [and 3 more]Jacobo Lopez-Pavon, Nuria Rius, and Stefan Sandner [hide authors].
At present, cosmological observations set the most stringent bound on the
neutrino mass scale. Within the standard cosmological model ($\Lambda$CDM), the
Planck collaboration reports $\sum m_\nu < 0.12\,\text{eV}$ at 95% CL. This
bound, taken at face value, excludes many neutrino mass models. However,
unstable neutrinos, with lifetimes shorter than the age of the universe
$\tau_\nu \lesssim t_U$, represent a particle physics avenue to relax this
constraint. Motivated by this fact, we present a taxonomy of neutrino decay
modes, categorizing them in terms of particle content and final decay products.
Taking into account the relevant phenomenological bounds, our analysis shows
that 2-body decaying neutrinos into BSM particles are a promising option to
relax cosmological neutrino mass bounds. We then build a simple extension of
the type I seesaw scenario by adding one sterile state $\nu_4$ and a Goldstone
boson $\phi$, in which $\nu_i \to \nu_4 \, \phi$ decays can loosen the neutrino
mass bounds up to $\sum m_\nu \sim 1\,\text{eV}$, without spoiling the light
neutrino mass generation mechanism. Remarkably, this is possible for a large
range of the right-handed neutrino masses, from the electroweak up to the GUT
scale. We successfully implement this idea in the context of minimal neutrino
mass models based on a $U(1)_{\mu-\tau}$ flavor symmetry, which are otherwise
in tension with the current bound on $\sum m_\nu$.
- An Attractive Scenario for Light Dark Matter Direct Detection
2007.04989 [abs] [pdf]
[abstract]
by Hooman Davoudiasl, Peter B. Denton, and Julia Gehrlein.
Direct detection of light dark matter (DM), below the GeV scale, through
electron recoil can be efficient if DM has a velocity well above the virial
value of $v\sim 10^{-3}$. We point out that if there is a long range attractive
force sourced by bulk ordinary matter, {\it i.e.}~baryons or electrons, DM can
be accelerated towards the Earth and reach velocities $v\sim 0.1$ near the
Earth's surface. In this "attractive scenario," {\it all DM} will be boosted to
high velocities by the time it reaches direct detection apparatuses in
laboratories. Furthermore, the attractive force leads to an enhanced DM number
density at the Earth facilitating DM detection even more. We elucidate the
implications of this scenario for electron recoil direct detection experiments
and find parameters that could lead to potential signals, while being
consistent with stellar cooling and other bounds. Our scenario can potentially
explain the recent excess in electron recoil signals reported by the XENON1T
experiment in the $\sim$~keV energy regime as well as the hint for non-standard
stellar cooling.
- Sensitivities of KM3NeT on decaying dark matter
2007.03692 [abs] [pdf]
[abstract]
by Kenny C. Y. Ng, [and 13 more]Ariane Dekker, Shin'ichiro Ando, Bjarne Bouwer, Maurice Geijsen, Claudia Glazener, June Groothuizen, Jildou Hollander, M. J. F. M. Janssen, Lukas Kemme, Wessel Krah, Sancho Luijten Perona, Mnême Stapel, and Martijn van Hamersveld [hide authors].
The discovery of high-energy astrophysical neutrinos by IceCube has opened a
new window to the Universe. However, the origin of these neutrinos is still a
mystery, and some of them could be a result of dark matter interactions such as
decay. Next generation gigaton water-Cherenkov neutrino telescope, KM3NeT, is
expected to offer significantly improved energy resolution in the cascade
channel, and advantageous viewing condition to the Galactic Center; both
important for searches of dark matter decay signals. We study the sensitivity
of KM3NeT on dark matter decays by performing a mock likelihood analysis for
both cascade and track type events, taking into account both angular and energy
information. We find that, combining both channels, KM3NeT is expected to
produce world leading limits on dark matter decay lifetime in the PeV mass
range, and could test some of the dark matter hints in the current IceCube
data.
- Nuclear Structure Physics in Coherent Elastic Neutrino-Nucleus
Scattering
2007.03658 [abs] [pdf]
[abstract]
by N. Van Dessel, [and 3 more]V. Pandey, H. Ray, and N. Jachowicz [hide authors].
The prospects of extracting new physics signals in a coherent elastic
neutrino-nucleus scattering (CE$\nu$NS) process are limited by the precision
with which the underlying nuclear structure physics, embedded in the weak
nuclear form factor, is known. We present microscopic nuclear structure physics
calculations of charge and weak nuclear form factors and CE$\nu$NS cross
sections on $^{12}$C, $^{16}$O, $^{40}$Ar, $^{56}$Fe and $^{208}$Pb nuclei. We
obtain the proton and neutron densities, and charge and weak form factors by
solving Hartree-Fock equations with a Skyrme (SkE2) nuclear potential. We
validate our approach by comparing $^{208}$Pb and $^{40}$Ar charge form factor
predictions with elastic electron scattering data. In view of the worldwide
interest in liquid-argon based neutrino and dark matter experiments, we pay
special attention to the $^{40}$Ar nucleus and make predictions for the
$^{40}$Ar weak form factor and the CE$\nu$NS cross sections. Furthermore, we
attempt to gauge the level of theoretical uncertainty pertaining to the
description of the $^{40}$Ar form factor and CE$\nu$NS cross sections by
comparing relative differences between recent microscopic nuclear theory and
widely-used phenomenological form factor predictions. Future precision
measurements of CE$\nu$NS will potentially help in constraining these nuclear
structure details that will in turn improve prospects of extracting new
physics.
- Signatures of Ultralight Dark Matter in Neutrino Oscillation Experiments
2007.03590 [abs] [pdf]
[abstract]
by Abhish Dev, Pedro A. N. Machado, and Pablo Martínez-Miravé.
We study how neutrino oscillations could probe the existence of ultralight
bosonic dark matter. Three distinct signatures on neutrino oscillations are
identified, depending on the mass of the dark matter and the specific
experimental setup. These are time modulation signals, oscillation probability
distortions due to fast modulations, and fast varying matter effects. We
provide all the necessary information to perform a bottom-up, model-independent
experimental analysis to probe such scenarios. Using the future DUNE experiment
as an example, we estimate its sensitivity to ultralight scalar dark matter.
Our results could be easily used by any other oscillation experiment.
June 2020
- Neutrino decoherence from quantum gravitational stochastic perturbations
2007.00068 [abs] [pdf]
[abstract]
by Thomas Stuttard and Mikkel Jensen.
Neutrinos undergoing stochastic perturbations as they propagate experience
decoherence, damping neutrino oscillations over distance. Such perturbations
may result from fluctuations in space-time itself if gravity is a quantum
force, including interactions between neutrinos and virtual black holes. In
this work we model the influence of heuristic neutrino-virtual black hole
interaction scenarios on neutrino propagation and evaluate the resulting
signals in astrophysical and atmospheric neutrinos. We demonstrate how these
effects can be represented in the framework of open quantum systems, allowing
experimental constraints on such systems to be connected to quantum
gravitational effects. Finally, we consider the energy-dependence of such
Planck scale physics at energies observed in current neutrino experiments, and
show that sensitivity to Planck scale physics well below the `natural'
expectation is achievable in certain scenarios.
- Tau neutrinos at DUNE: new strategies, new opportunities
2007.00015 [abs] [pdf]
[abstract]
by Pedro Machado, Holger Schulz, and Jessica Turner.
We propose a novel analysis strategy, that leverages the unique capabilities
of the DUNE experiment, to study tau neutrinos. We integrate collider physics
ideas, such as jet clustering algorithms in combination with machine learning
techniques, into neutrino measurements. Through the construction of a set of
observables and kinematic cuts, we obtain a superior discrimination of the
signal ($S$) over the background ($B$). In a single year, using the nominal
neutrino beam mode, DUNE may achieve $S/\sqrt{B}$ of $3.3$ and $2.3$ for the
hadronic and leptonic decay channels of the tau respectively. Operating in the
tau-optimized beam mode would increase $S/\sqrt{B}$ to $8.8$ and $11$ for each
of these channels. We premier the use of the analysis software Rivet, a tool
ubiquitously used by the LHC experiments, in neutrino physics. For wider
accessibility, we provide our analysis code.
- Updated MiniBooNE Neutrino Oscillation Results with Increased Data and
New Background Studies
2006.16883 [abs] [pdf]
[abstract]
by MiniBooNE Collaboration, [and 41 more]A. A. Aguilar-Arevalo, B. C. Brown, J. M. Conrad, R. Dharmapalan, A. Diaz, Z. Djurcic, D. A. Finley, R. Ford, G. T. Garvey, S. Gollapinni, A. Hourlier, E. C. Huang, N. W. Kamp, G. Karagiorgi, T. Katori, T. Kobilarcik, K. Lin, W. C. Louis, C. Mariani, W. Marsh, G. B. Mills, J. Mirabal-Martinez, C. D. Moore, R. H. Nelson, J. Nowak, I. Parmaksiz, Z. Pavlovic, H. Ray, B. P. Roe, A. D. Russell, A. Schneider, M. H. Shaevitz, H. Siegel, J. Spitz, I. Stancu, R. Tayloe, R. T. Thornton, M. Tzanov, R. G. Van de Water, D. H. White, and E. D. Zimmerman [hide authors].
The MiniBooNE experiment at Fermilab reports a total excess of $638.0 \pm
132.8$ electron-like events ($4.8 \sigma$) from a data sample corresponding to
$18.75 \times 10^{20}$ protons-on-target in neutrino mode, which is a 46\%
increase in the data sample with respect to previously published results, and
$11.27 \times 10^{20}$ protons-on-target in antineutrino mode. The additional
statistics allow several studies to address questions on the source of the
excess. First, we provide two-dimensional plots in visible energy and cosine of
the angle of the outgoing lepton, which can provide valuable input to models
for the event excess. Second, we test whether the excess may arise from photons
that enter the detector from external events or photons exiting the detector
from $\pi^0$ decays in two model independent ways. Beam timing information
shows that almost all of the excess is in time with neutrinos that interact in
the detector. The radius distribution shows that the excess is distributed
throughout the volume, while tighter cuts on the fiducal volume increase the
significance of the excess. We conclude that models of the event excess based
on entering and exiting photons are disfavored.
- Neutrino amplitude decomposition: Toward observing the atmospheric -
solar wave interference
2006.16594 [abs] [pdf]
[abstract]
by Hisakazu Minakata.
Observation of the interference between the atmospheric and solar oscillation
waves with the correct magnitude would provide another manifestation of the
three-generation structure of leptons. As a prerequisite for such analyses we
develop a method for decomposing the oscillation $S$ matrix into the
atmospheric and solar amplitudes. Though the similar method was recently
proposed successfully in vacuum, once an extension into the matter environment
is attempted, it poses highly nontrivial problems. Even for an infinitesimal
matter potential, inherent mixture of the atmospheric and solar oscillation
waves occurs, rendering a simple extension of the vacuum definition untenable.
We utilize general kinematic structure as well as analyses of the five
perturbative frameworks, in which the nature of matter-dressed atmospheric and
solar oscillations are known, to understand the origin of the trouble, how to
deal with the difficulty, and to grasp the principle of decomposition. Then, we
derive the amplitude decomposition formulas in these frameworks, and discuss
properties of the decomposed probabilities. We mostly discuss the $\nu_{\mu}
\rightarrow \nu_{e}$ channel, but a comparison with the $\nu_{\mu} \rightarrow
\nu_{\tau}$ channel reveals an interesting difference.
- The First Three Seconds: a Review of Possible Expansion Histories of the
Early Universe
2006.16182 [abs] [pdf]
[abstract]
by Rouzbeh Allahverdi, [and 25 more]Mustafa A. Amin, Asher Berlin, Nicolás Bernal, Christian T. Byrnes, M. Sten Delos, Adrienne L. Erickcek, Miguel Escudero, Daniel G. Figueroa, Katherine Freese, Tomohiro Harada, Dan Hooper, David I. Kaiser, Tanvi Karwal, Kazunori Kohri, Gordan Krnjaic, Marek Lewicki, Kaloian D. Lozanov, Vivian Poulin, Kuver Sinha, Tristan L. Smith, Tomo Takahashi, Tommi Tenkanen, James Unwin, Ville Vaskonen, and Scott Watson [hide authors].
It is commonly assumed that the energy density of the Universe was dominated
by radiation between reheating after inflation and the onset of matter
domination 54,000 years later. While the abundance of light elements indicates
that the Universe was radiation dominated during Big Bang Nucleosynthesis
(BBN), there is scant evidence that the Universe was radiation dominated prior
to BBN. It is therefore possible that the cosmological history was more
complicated, with deviations from the standard radiation domination during the
earliest epochs. Indeed, several interesting proposals regarding various topics
such as the generation of dark matter, matter-antimatter asymmetry,
gravitational waves, primordial black holes, or microhalos during a nonstandard
expansion phase have been recently made. In this paper, we review various
possible causes and consequences of deviations from radiation domination in the
early Universe - taking place either before or after BBN - and the constraints
on them, as they have been discussed in the literature during the recent years.
- Long-baseline neutrino oscillation physics potential of the DUNE
experiment
2006.16043 [abs] [pdf]
[abstract]
by DUNE Collaboration, [and 973 more]B. Abi, R. Acciarri, M. A. Acero, G. Adamov, D. Adams, M. Adinolfi, Z. Ahmad, J. Ahmed, T. Alion, S. Alonso Monsalve, C. Alt, J. Anderson, C. Andreopoulos, M. P. Andrews, F. Andrianala, S. Andringa, A. Ankowski, M. Antonova, S. Antusch, A. Aranda-Fernandez, A. Ariga, L. O. Arnold, M. A. Arroyave, J. Asaadi, A. Aurisano, V. Aushev, D. Autiero, F. Azfar, H. Back, J. J. Back, C. Backhouse, P. Baesso, L. Bagby, R. Bajou, S. Balasubramanian, P. Baldi, B. Bambah, F. Barao, G. Barenboim, G. J. Barker, W. Barkhouse, C. Barnes, G. Barr, J. Barranco Monarca, N. Barros, J. L. Barrow, A. Bashyal, V. Basque, F. Bay, J. L. Bazo Alba, J. F. Beacom, E. Bechetoille, B. Behera, L. Bellantoni, G. Bellettini, V. Bellini, O. Beltramello, D. Belver, N. Benekos, F. Bento Neves, J. Berger, S. Berkman, P. Bernardini, R. M. Berner, H. Berns, S. Bertolucci, M. Betancourt, Y. Bezawada, M. Bhattacharjee, B. Bhuyan, S. Biagi, J. Bian, M. Biassoni, K. Biery, B. Bilki, M. Bishai, A. Bitadze, A. Blake, B. Blanco Siffert, F. D. M. Blaszczyk, G. C. Blazey, E. Blucher, J. Boissevain, S. Bolognesi, T. Bolton, M. Bonesini, M. Bongrand, F. Bonini, A. Booth, C. Booth, S. Bordoni, A. Borkum, T. Boschi, N. Bostan, P. Bour, S. B. Boyd, D. Boyden, J. Bracinik, D. Braga, D. Brailsford, A. Brandt, J. Bremer, C. Brew, E. Brianne, S. J. Brice, C. Brizzolari, C. Bromberg, G. Brooijmans, J. Brooke, A. Bross, G. Brunetti, N. Buchanan, H. Budd, D. Caiulo, P. Calafiura, J. Calcutt, M. Calin, S. Calvez, E. Calvo, L. Camilleri, A. Caminata, M. Campanelli, D. Caratelli, G. Carini, B. Carlus, P. Carniti, I. Caro Terrazas, H. Carranza, A. Castillo, C. Castromonte, C. Cattadori, F. Cavalier, F. Cavanna, S. Centro, G. Cerati, A. Cervelli, A. Cervera Villanueva, M. Chalifour, C. Chang, E. Chardonnet, A. Chatterjee, S. Chattopadhyay, J. Chaves, H. Chen, M. Chen, Y. Chen, D. Cherdack, C. Chi, S. Childress, A. Chiriacescu, K. Cho, S. Choubey, A. Christensen, D. Christian, G. Christodoulou, E. Church, P. Clarke, T. E. Coan, A. G. Cocco, J. A. B. Coelho, E. Conley, J. M. Conrad, M. Convery, L. Corwin, P. Cotte, L. Cremaldi, L. Cremonesi, J. I. Crespo-Anadón, E. Cristaldo, R. Cross, C. Cuesta, Y. Cui, D. Cussans, M. Dabrowski, H. da Motta, L. Da Silva Peres, C. David, Q. David, G. S. Davies, S. Davini, J. Dawson, K. De, R. M. De Almeida, P. Debbins, I. De Bonis, M. P. Decowski, A. de Gouvêa, P. C. De Holanda, I. L. De Icaza Astiz, A. Deisting, P. De Jong, A. Delbart, D. Delepine, M. Delgado, A. Dell'Acqua, P. De Lurgio, J. R. T. de Mello Neto, D. M. DeMuth, S. Dennis, C. Densham, G. Deptuch, A. De Roeck, V. De Romeri, J. J. De Vries, R. Dharmapalan, M. Dias, F. Diaz, J. S. Díaz, S. Di Domizio, L. Di Giulio, P. Ding, L. Di Noto, C. Distefano, R. Diurba, M. Diwan, Z. Djurcic, N. Dokania, M. J. Dolinski, L. Domine, D. Douglas, F. Drielsma, D. Duchesneau, K. Duffy, P. Dunne, T. Durkin, H. Duyang, O. Dvornikov, D. A. Dwyer, A. S. Dyshkant, M. Eads, D. Edmunds, J. Eisch, S. Emery, A. Ereditato, C. O. Escobar, L. Escudero Sanchez, J. J. Evans, E. Ewart, A. C. Ezeribe, K. Fahey, A. Falcone, C. Farnese, Y. Farzan, J. Felix, E. Fernandez-Martinez, P. Fernandez Menendez, F. Ferraro, L. Fields, A. Filkins, F. Filthaut, R. S. Fitzpatrick, W. Flanagan, B. Fleming, R. Flight, J. Fowler, W. Fox, J. Franc, K. Francis, D. Franco, J. Freeman, J. Freestone, J. Fried, A. Friedland, S. Fuess, I. Furic, A. P. Furmanski, A. Gago, H. Gallagher, A. Gallego-Ros, N. Gallice, V. Galymov, E. Gamberini, T. Gamble, R. Gandhi, R. Gandrajula, S. Gao, D. Garcia-Gamez, M. Á. García-Peris, S. Gardiner, D. Gastler, G. Ge, B. Gelli, A. Gendotti, S. Gent, Z. Ghorbani-Moghaddam, D. Gibin, I. Gil-Botella, C. Girerd, A. K. Giri, D. Gnani, O. Gogota, M. Gold, S. Gollapinni, K. Gollwitzer, R. A. Gomes, L. V. Gomez Bermeo, L. S. Gomez Fajardo, F. Gonnella, J. A. Gonzalez-Cuevas, M. C. Goodman, O. Goodwin, S. Goswami, C. Gotti, E. Goudzovski, C. Grace, M. Graham, E. Gramellini, R. Gran, E. Granados, A. Grant, C. Grant, D. Gratieri, P. Green, S. Green, L. Greenler, M. Greenwood, J. Greer, W. C. Griffith, M. Groh, J. Grudzinski, K. Grzelak, W. Gu, V. Guarino, R. Guenette, A. Guglielmi, B. Guo, K. K. Guthikonda, R. Gutierrez, P. Guzowski, M. M. Guzzo, S. Gwon, A. Habig, A. Hackenburg, H. Hadavand, R. Haenni, A. Hahn, J. Haigh, J. Haiston, T. Hamernik, P. Hamilton, J. Han, K. Harder, D. A. Harris, J. Hartnell, T. Hasegawa, R. Hatcher, E. Hazen, A. Heavey, K. M. Heeger, J. Heise, K. Hennessy, S. Henry, M. A. Hernandez Morquecho, K. Herner, L. Hertel, A. S. Hesam, J. Hewes, A. Higuera, T. Hill, S. J. Hillier, A. Himmel, J. Hoff, C. Hohl, A. Holin, E. Hoppe, G. A. Horton-Smith, M. Hostert, A. Hourlier, B. Howard, R. Howell, J. Huang, J. Huang, J. Hugon, G. Iles, N. Ilic, A. M. Iliescu, R. Illingworth, A. Ioannisian, R. Itay, A. Izmaylov, E. James, B. Jargowsky, F. Jediny, C. Jesùs-Valls, X. Ji, L. Jiang, S. Jiménez, A. Jipa, A. Joglekar, C. Johnson, R. Johnson, B. Jones, S. Jones, C. K. Jung, T. Junk, Y. Jwa, M. Kabirnezhad, A. Kaboth, I. Kadenko, F. Kamiya, G. Karagiorgi, A. Karcher, M. Karolak, Y. Karyotakis, S. Kasai, S. P. Kasetti, L. Kashur, N. Kazaryan, E. Kearns, P. Keener, K. J. Kelly, E. Kemp, W. Ketchum, S. H. Kettell, M. Khabibullin, A. Khotjantsev, A. Khvedelidze, D. Kim, B. King, B. Kirby, M. Kirby, J. Klein, K. Koehler, L. W. Koerner, S. Kohn, P. P. Koller, M. Kordosky, T. Kosc, U. Kose, V. A. Kostelecký, K. Kothekar, F. Krennrich, I. Kreslo, Y. Kudenko, V. A. Kudryavtsev, S. Kulagin, J. Kumar, R. Kumar, C. Kuruppu, V. Kus, T. Kutter, A. Lambert, K. Lande, C. E. Lane, K. Lang, T. Langford, P. Lasorak, D. Last, C. Lastoria, A. Laundrie, A. Lawrence, I. Lazanu, R. LaZur, T. Le, J. Learned, P. LeBrun, G. Lehmann Miotto, R. Lehnert, M. A. Leigui de Oliveira, M. Leitner, M. Leyton, L. Li, S. Li, S. W. Li, T. Li, Y. Li, H. Liao, C. S. Lin, S. Lin, A. Lister, B. R. Littlejohn, J. Liu, S. Lockwitz, T. Loew, M. Lokajicek, I. Lomidze, K. Long, K. Loo, D. Lorca, T. Lord, J. M. LoSecco, W. C. Louis, K. B. Luk, X. Luo, N. Lurkin, T. Lux, V. P. Luzio, D. MacFarland, A. A. Machado, P. Machado, C. T. Macias, J. R. Macier, A. Maddalena, P. Madigan, S. Magill, K. Mahn, A. Maio, J. A. Maloney, G. Mandrioli, J. Maneira, L. Manenti, S. Manly, A. Mann, K. Manolopoulos, M. Manrique Plata, A. Marchionni, W. Marciano, D. Marfatia, C. Mariani, J. Maricic, F. Marinho, A. D. Marino, M. Marshak, C. Marshall, J. Marshall, J. Marteau, J. Martin-Albo, N. Martinez, D. A. Martinez Caicedo, S. Martynenko, K. Mason, A. Mastbaum, M. Masud, S. Matsuno, J. Matthews, C. Mauger, N. Mauri, K. Mavrokoridis, R. Mazza, A. Mazzacane, E. Mazzucato, E. McCluskey, N. McConkey, K. S. McFarland, C. McGrew, A. McNab, A. Mefodiev, P. Mehta, P. Melas, M. Mellinato, O. Mena, S. Menary, H. Mendez, A. Menegolli, G. Meng, M. D. Messier, W. Metcalf, M. Mewes, H. Meyer, T. Miao, G. Michna, T. Miedema, J. Migenda, R. Milincic, W. Miller, J. Mills, C. Milne, O. Mineev, O. G. Miranda, S. Miryala, C. S. Mishra, S. R. Mishra, A. Mislivec, D. Mladenov, I. Mocioiu, K. Moffat, N. Moggi, R. Mohanta, T. A. Mohayai, N. Mokhov, J. Molina, L. Molina Bueno, A. Montanari, C. Montanari, D. Montanari, L. M. Montano Zetina, J. Moon, M. Mooney, A. Moor, D. Moreno, B. Morgan, C. Morris, C. Mossey, E. Motuk, C. A. Moura, J. Mousseau, W. Mu, L. Mualem, J. Mueller, M. Muether, S. Mufson, F. Muheim, A. Muir, M. Mulhearn, H. Muramatsu, S. Murphy, J. Musser, J. Nachtman, S. Nagu, M. Nalbandyan, R. Nandakumar, D. Naples, S. Narita, D. Navas-Nicolás, N. Nayak, M. Nebot-Guinot, L. Necib, K. Negishi, J. K. Nelson, J. Nesbit, M. Nessi, D. Newbold, M. Newcomer, D. Newhart, R. Nichol, E. Niner, K. Nishimura, A. Norman, A. Norrick, R. Northrop, P. Novella, J. A. Nowak, M. Oberling, A. Olivares Del Campo, A. Olivier, Y. Onel, Y. Onishchuk, J. Ott, L. Pagani, S. Pakvasa, O. Palamara, S. Palestini, J. M. Paley, M. Pallavicini, C. Palomares, E. Pantic, V. Paolone, V. Papadimitriou, R. Papaleo, A. Papanestis, S. Paramesvaran, S. Parke, Z. Parsa, M. Parvu, S. Pascoli, L. Pasqualini, J. Pasternak, J. Pater, C. Patrick, L. Patrizii, R. B. Patterson, S. J. Patton, T. Patzak, A. Paudel, B. Paulos, L. Paulucci, Z. Pavlovic, G. Pawloski, D. Payne, V. Pec, S. J. M. Peeters, Y. Penichot, E. Pennacchio, A. Penzo, O. L. G. Peres, J. Perry, D. Pershey, G. Pessina, G. Petrillo, C. Petta, R. Petti, F. Piastra, L. Pickering, F. Pietropaolo, J. Pillow, J. Pinzino, R. Plunkett, R. Poling, X. Pons, N. Poonthottathil, S. Pordes, M. Potekhin, R. Potenza, B. V. K. S. Potukuchi, J. Pozimski, M. Pozzato, S. Prakash, T. Prakash, S. Prince, G. Prior, D. Pugnere, K. Qi, X. Qian, J. L. Raaf, R. Raboanary, V. Radeka, J. Rademacker, B. Radics, A. Rafique, E. Raguzin, M. Rai, M. Rajaoalisoa, I. Rakhno, H. T. Rakotondramanana, L. Rakotondravohitra, Y. A. Ramachers, R. Rameika, M. A. Ramirez Delgado, B. Ramson, A. Rappoldi, G. Raselli, P. Ratoff, S. Ravat, H. Razafinime, J. S. Real, B. Rebel, D. Redondo, M. Reggiani-Guzzo, T. Rehak, J. Reichenbacher, S. D. Reitzner, A. Renshaw, S. Rescia, F. Resnati, A. Reynolds, G. Riccobene, L. C. J. Rice, K. Rielage, Y. Rigaut, D. Rivera, L. Rochester, M. Roda, P. Rodrigues, M. J. Rodriguez Alonso, J. Rodriguez Rondon, A. J. Roeth, H. Rogers, S. Rosauro-Alcaraz, M. Rossella, J. Rout, S. Roy, A. Rubbia, C. Rubbia, B. Russell, J. Russell, D. Ruterbories, R. Saakyan, S. Sacerdoti, T. Safford, N. Sahu, P. Sala, N. Samios, M. C. Sanchez, D. A. Sanders, D. Sankey, S. Santana, M. Santos-Maldonado, N. Saoulidou, P. Sapienza, C. Sarasty, I. Sarcevic, G. Savage, V. Savinov, A. Scaramelli, A. Scarff, A. Scarpelli, T. Schaffer, H. Schellman, P. Schlabach, D. Schmitz, K. Scholberg, A. Schukraft, E. Segreto, J. Sensenig, I. Seong, A. Sergi, F. Sergiampietri, D. Sgalaberna, M. H. Shaevitz, S. Shafaq, M. Shamma, H. R. Sharma, R. Sharma, T. Shaw, C. Shepherd-Themistocleous, S. Shin, D. Shooltz, R. Shrock, L. Simard, N. Simos, J. Sinclair, G. Sinev, J. Singh, J. Singh, V. Singh, R. Sipos, F. W. Sippach, G. Sirri, A. Sitraka, K. Siyeon, D. Smargianaki, A. Smith, A. Smith, E. Smith, P. Smith, J. Smolik, M. Smy, P. Snopok, M. Soares Nunes, H. Sobel, M. Soderberg, C. J. Solano Salinas, S. Söldner-Rembold, N. Solomey, V. Solovov, W. E. Sondheim, M. Sorel, J. Soto-Oton, A. Sousa, K. Soustruznik, F. Spagliardi, M. Spanu, J. Spitz, N. J. C. Spooner, K. Spurgeon, R. Staley, M. Stancari, L. Stanco, H. M. Steiner, J. Stewart, B. Stillwell, J. Stock, F. Stocker, T. Stokes, M. Strait, T. Strauss, S. Striganov, A. Stuart, D. Summers, A. Surdo, V. Susic, L. Suter, C. M. Sutera, R. Svoboda, B. Szczerbinska, A. M. Szelc, R. Talaga, H. A. Tanaka, B. Tapia Oregui, A. Tapper, S. Tariq, E. Tatar, R. Tayloe, A. M. Teklu, M. Tenti, K. Terao, C. A. Ternes, F. Terranova, G. Testera, A. Thea, J. L. Thompson, C. Thorn, S. C. Timm, A. Tonazzo, M. Torti, M. Tortola, F. Tortorici, D. Totani, M. Toups, C. Touramanis, J. Trevor, W. H. Trzaska, Y. T. Tsai, Z. Tsamalaidze, K. V. Tsang, N. Tsverava, S. Tufanli, C. Tull, E. Tyley, M. Tzanov, M. A. Uchida, J. Urheim, T. Usher, M. R. Vagins, P. Vahle, G. A. Valdiviesso, E. Valencia, Z. Vallari, J. W. F. Valle, S. Vallecorsa, R. Van Berg, R. G. Van de Water, D. Vanegas Forero, F. Varanini, D. Vargas, G. Varner, J. Vasel, G. Vasseur, K. Vaziri, S. Ventura, A. Verdugo, S. Vergani, M. A. Vermeulen, M. Verzocchi, H. Vieira de Souza, C. Vignoli, C. Vilela, B. Viren, T. Vrba, T. Wachala, A. V. Waldron, M. Wallbank, H. Wang, J. Wang, Y. Wang, Y. Wang, K. Warburton, D. Warner, M. Wascko, D. Waters, A. Watson, P. Weatherly, A. Weber, M. Weber, H. Wei, A. Weinstein, D. Wenman, M. Wetstein, M. R. While, A. White, L. H. Whitehead, D. Whittington, M. J. Wilking, C. Wilkinson, Z. Williams, F. Wilson, R. J. Wilson, J. Wolcott, T. Wongjirad, K. Wood, L. Wood, E. Worcester, M. Worcester, C. Wret, W. Wu, W. Wu, Y. Xiao, G. Yang, T. Yang, N. Yershov, K. Yonehara, T. Young, B. Yu, J. Yu, R. Zaki, J. Zalesak, L. Zambelli, B. Zamorano, A. Zani, L. Zazueta, G. P. Zeller, J. Zennamo, K. Zeug, C. Zhang, M. Zhao, E. Zhivun, G. Zhu, E. D. Zimmerman, M. Zito, S. Zucchelli, J. Zuklin, V. Zutshi, and R. Zwaska [hide authors].
The sensitivity of the Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment (DUNE) to
neutrino oscillation is determined, based on a full simulation, reconstruction,
and event selection of the far detector and a full simulation and parameterized
analysis of the near detector. Detailed uncertainties due to the flux
prediction, neutrino interaction model, and detector effects are included. DUNE
will resolve the neutrino mass hierarchy to a precision of 5$\sigma$, for all
$\delta_{\mathrm{CP}}$ values, after 2 years of running with the nominal
detector design and beam configuration. It has the potential to observe
charge-parity violation in the neutrino sector to a precision of 3$\sigma$
(5$\sigma$) after an exposure of 5 (10) years, for 50\% of all
$\delta_{\mathrm{CP}}$ values. It will also make precise measurements of other
parameters governing long-baseline neutrino oscillation, and after an exposure
of 15 years will achieve a similar sensitivity to $\sin^{2} 2\theta_{13}$ to
current reactor experiments.
- Recent results from the TOTEM collaboration at the LHC
2006.15220 [abs] [pdf]
[abstract]
by C. Royon.
We describe the most recent results from the TOTEM collaboration at the LHC,
namely the elastic cross section measurements at a center-of-mass on 2.76, 7, 8
and 13 TeV. No structure or resonance is observed at high $t$ at high
center-of-mass energies. A pure exponential form of $d \sigma/dt$ is excluded
both at 8 and 13 TeV. Accessing the very low $t$ region allows measuring the
$\rho$ parameter at 13 TeV.
- Precision constraints for three-flavor neutrino oscillations from the
full MINOS+ and MINOS data set
2006.15208 [abs] [pdf]
[abstract]
by MINOS+ Collaboration, [and 72 more]:, P. Adamson, I. Anghel, A. Aurisano, G. Barr, A. Blake, S. V. Cao, T. J. Carroll, C. M. Castromonte, R. Chen, S. Childress, J. A. B. Coelho, S. De Rijck, J. J. Evans, G. J. Feldman, W. Flanagan, M. Gabrielyan, S. Germani, R. A. Gomes, P. Gouffon, N. Graf, K. Grzelak, A. Habig, S. R. Hahn, J. Hartnell, R. Hatcher, A. Holin, J. Huang, L. W. Koerner, M. Kordosky, A. Kreymer, K. Lang, P. Lucas, W. A. Mann, M. L. Marshak, N. Mayer, R. Mehdiyev, J. R. Meier, W. H. Miller, G. Mills, D. Naples, J. K. Nelson, R. J. Nichol, J. O'Connor, R. B. Pahlka, Z. Pavlovic, G. Pawloski, A. Perch, M. M. Pfutzner, D. D. Phan, R. K. Plunkett, N. Poonthottathil, X. Qiu, A. Radovic, P. Sail, M. C. Sanchez, J. Schneps, A. Schreckenberger, R. Sharma, A. Sousa, N. Tagg, J. Thomas, M. A. Thomson, A. Timmons, J. Todd, S. C. Tognini, R. Toner, D. Torretta, P. Vahle, A. Weber, L. H. Whitehead, and S. G. Wojcicki [hide authors].
We report the final measurement of the neutrino oscillation parameters
$\Delta m^2_{32}$ and $\sin^2\theta_{23}$ using all data from the MINOS and
MINOS+ experiments. These data were collected using a total exposure of $23.76
\times 10^{20}$ protons on target producing $\nu_{mu}$ and $\overline{\nu_\mu}$
beams and 60.75 kt$\cdot$yr exposure to atmospheric neutrinos. The measurement
of the disappearance of $\nu_{\mu}$ and the appearance of $\nu_e$ events
between the Near and Far detectors yields $|\Delta
m^2_{32}|=2.40^{+0.08}_{-0.09}~(2.45^{+0.07}_{-0.08}) \times 10^{-3}$ eV$^2$
and $\sin^2\theta_{23} = 0.43^{+0.20}_{-0.04} ~(0.42^{+0.07}_{-0.03})$ at 68%
C.L. for Normal (Inverted) Hierarchy.
- First Direct Experimental Evidence of CNO neutrinos
2006.15115 [abs] [pdf]
[abstract]
by M. Agostini, [and 95 more]K. Altenmüller, S. Appel, V. Atroshchenko, Z. Bagdasarian, D. Basilico, G. Bellini, J. Benziger, R. Biondi, D. Bravo, B. Caccianiga, F. Calaprice, A. Caminata, P. Cavalcante, A. Chepurnov, D. D'Angelo, S. Davini, A. Derbin, A. Di Giacinto, V. Di Marcello, X. F. Ding, A. Di Ludovico, L. Di Noto, I. Drachnev, A. Formozov, D. Franco, C. Galbiati, C. Ghiano, M. Giammarchi, A. Goretti, A. S. Göttel, M. Gromov, D. Guffanti, Aldo Ianni, Andrea Ianni, A. Jany, D. Jeschke, V. Kobychev, G. Korga, S. Kumaran, M. Laubenstein, E. Litvinovich, P. Lombardi, I. Lomskaya, L. Ludhova, G. Lukyanchenko, L. Lukyanchenko, I. Machulin, J. Martyn, E. Meroni, M. Meyer, L. Miramonti, M. Misiaszek, V. Muratova, B. Neumair, M. Nieslony, R. Nugmanov, L. Oberauer, V. Orekhov, F. Ortica, M. Pallavicini, L. Papp, L. Pellicci, Ö. Penek, L. Pietrofaccia, N. Pilipenko, A. Pocar, G. Raikov, M. T. Ranalli, G. Ranucci, A. Razeto, A. Re, M. Redchuk, A. Romani, N. Rossi, S. Schönert, D. Semenov, G. Settanta, M. Skorokhvatov, A. Singhal, O. Smirnov, A. Sotnikov, Y. Suvorov, R. Tartaglia, G. Testera, J. Thurn, E. Unzhakov, F. L. Villante, A. Vishneva, R. B. Vogelaar, F. von Feilitzsch, M. Wojcik, M. Wurm, S. Zavatarelli, K. Zuber, and G. Zuzel. The BOREXINO Collaboration [hide authors].
We report the direct observation of neutrinos produced in the
carbon-nitrogen-oxygen (CNO) fusion cycle in the Sun with the Borexino detector
at the Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso in Italy. This is the first
experimental evidence of the existence of such reaction sequence in a star. The
CNO solar neutrino interaction rate is $7.2^{+3.0}_{-1.7}$ counts per day per
$100$ tonnes of target at 68% C.L., corresponding to a flux of neutrinos on
Earth of $7.0^{+3.0}_{-2.0}\times10^8$ cm$^{-2}$ s$^{-1}$. The absence of CNO
signal is disfavoured at 5$\sigma$.
- Flavour Symmetry Embedded -- GLoBES (FaSE-GLoBES)
2006.14886 [abs] [pdf]
[abstract]
by Jian Tang and Tse-Chun Wang.
Neutrino models based on flavour symmetries provide the natural way to
explain the origin of tiny neutrino masses. At the dawn of precision
measurements of neutrino mixing parameters, neutrino mass models can be
constrained and examined by on-going and up-coming neutrino experiments. We
present a supplemental tool Flavour Symmetry Embedded (FaSE) for General Long
Baseline Experiment Simulator (GLoBES), and it is available via the link
https://github.com/tcwphy/FASE_GLoBES. It can translate the neutrino mass model
parameters to standard neutrino oscillation parameters and offer prior
functions in a user-friendly way. We demonstrate the robustness of FaSE-GLoBE
with four examples on how the model parameters can be constrained and even
whether the model is excluded by an experiment or not. We wish that this
toolkit will facilitate the study of new neutrino mass models in an effecient
and effective manner.
- How does a dark compact object ringdown?
2006.14628 [abs] [pdf]
[abstract]
by Elisa Maggio, [and 3 more]Luca Buoninfante, Anupam Mazumdar, and Paolo Pani [hide authors].
A generic feature of nearly out-of-equilibrium dissipative systems is that
they resonate through a set of quasinormal modes. Black holes - the absorbing
objects par excellence - are no exception. When formed in a merger, black holes
vibrate in a process called "ringdown", which leaves the gravitational-wave
footprint of the event horizon. In some models of quantum gravity which attempt
to solve the information-loss paradox and the singularities of General
Relativity, black holes are replaced by regular, horizonless objects with a
tiny effective reflectivity. Motivated by these scenarios, here we develop a
generic framework to the study of the ringdown of a compact object with various
shades of darkness. By extending the black-hole membrane paradigm, we map the
interior of any compact object in terms of the bulk and shear viscosities of a
fictitious fluid located at the surface, with the black-hole limit being a
single point in a three-dimensional parameter space. We unveil some remarkable
features of the ringdown and some universal properties of the light ring in
this framework. We also identify the region of the parameter space which can be
probed by current and future gravitational-wave detectors. A general feature is
the appearance of mode doublets which are degenerate only in the black-hole
limit. We argue that the merger event GW150914 already imposes a strong lower
bound on the compactness of the merger remnant of approximately 99% of the
black-hole compactness. This places model-independent constraints on black-hole
alternatives such as diffuse "fuzzballs" and nonlocal stars.
- From oscillation dip to oscillation valley in atmospheric neutrino
experiments
2006.14529 [abs] [pdf]
[abstract]
by Anil Kumar, [and 3 more]Amina Khatun, Sanjib Kumar Agarwalla, and Amol Dighe [hide authors].
Atmospheric neutrino experiments can show the "oscillation dip" feature in
data, due to their sensitivity over a large $L/E$ range. In experiments that
can distinguish between neutrinos and antineutrinos, like INO, oscillation dips
can be observed in both these channels separately. We present the
dip-identification algorithm employing a data-driven approach -- one that uses
the asymmetry in the upward-going and downward-going events, binned in the
reconstructed $L/E$ of muons -- to demonstrate the dip, which would confirm the
oscillation hypothesis. We further propose, for the first time, the
identification of an "oscillation valley" in the reconstructed
($E_\mu$,$\,\cos\theta_\mu$) plane, feasible for detectors like ICAL having
excellent muon energy and direction resolutions. We illustrate how this
two-dimensional valley would offer a clear visual representation and test of
the $L/E$ dependence, the alignment of the valley quantifying the atmospheric
mass-squared difference. Owing to the charge identification capability of the
ICAL detector at INO, we always present our results using $\mu^{-}$ and
$\mu^{+}$ events separately. Taking into account the statistical fluctuations
and systematic errors, and varying oscillation parameters over their currently
allowed ranges, we estimate the precision to which atmospheric neutrino
oscillation parameters would be determined with the 10-year simulated data at
ICAL using our procedure.
- Supernova Muons: New Constraints on Z' Bosons, Axions, and ALPs
2006.13942 [abs] [pdf]
[abstract]
by Djuna Croon, [and 3 more]Gilly Elor, Rebecca K. Leane, and Samuel D. McDermott [hide authors].
New light particles produced in supernovae can lead to additional energy loss
and a consequent deficit in neutrino production in conflict with the neutrinos
observed from Supernova 1987A (SN1987A). Contrary to the majority of previous
SN1987A studies, we examine the impact of $Z'$ bosons, axions, and axion-like
particles (ALPs) interacting with the muons produced in SN1987A. For the first
time, we find constraints on generic $Z'$ bosons coupled to muons, and apply
our results to particle models including gauged $L_\mu-L_\tau$ number,
$U(1)_{L_\mu-L_\tau}$, and gauged $B-L$ number, $U(1)_{B-L}$. We constrain $Z'$
bosons with masses up to about 250-500 MeV, and down to about $10^{-9}$ in
$Z'$-muon coupling. We also extend previous work on axion-muon couplings by
examining the importance of loop-level interactions, as well as performing
calculations over a wider range of axion masses. We constrain muon-coupled
axions from arbitrarily low masses up to about 200-500 MeV, with bounds
extending down to axion-muon couplings of approximately $10^{-8}$ GeV$^{-1}$.
We conclude that supernovae broadly provide a sensitive probe of new
lightly-coupled particles interacting with muons.
- COHERENT Collaboration data release from the first detection of coherent
elastic neutrino-nucleus scattering on argon
2006.12659 [abs] [pdf]
[abstract]
by COHERENT Collaboration, [and 82 more]D. Akimov, J. B. Albert, P. An, C. Awe, P. S. Barbeau, B. Becker, V. Belov, M. A. Blackston, L. Blokland, A. Bolozdynya, B. Cabrera-Palmer, N. Chen, D. Chernyak, E. Conley, R. L. Cooper, J. Daughhetee, M. del Valle Coello, J. A. Detwiler, M. R. Durand, Y. Efremenko, S. R. Elliott, L. Fabris, M. Febbraro, W. Fox, A. Galindo-Uribarri, M. P. Green, K. S. Hansen, M. R. Heath, S. Hedges, M. Hughes, T. Johnson, M. Kaemingk, L. J. Kaufman, A. Khromov, A. Konovalov, E. Kozlova, A. Kumpan, L. Li, J. T. Librande, J. M. Link, J. Liu, K. Mann, D. M. Markoff, O. McGoldrick, H. Moreno, P. E. Mueller, J. Newby, D. S. Parno, S. Penttila, D. Pershey, D. Radford, R. Rapp, H. Ray, J. Raybern, O. Razuvaeva, D. Reyna, G. C. Rich, D. Rudik, J. Runge, D. J. Salvat, K. Scholberg, A. Shakirov, G. Simakov, G. Sinev, W. M. Snow, V. Sosnovtsev, B. Suh, R. Tayloe, K. Tellez-Giron-Flores, R. T. Thornton, I. Tolstukhin, J. Vanderwerp, R. L. Varner, C. J. Virtue, G. Visser, C. Wiseman, T. Wongjirad, J. Yang, Y. -R. Yen, J. Yoo, C. -H. Yu, and J. Zettlemoyer [hide authors].
Release of COHERENT collaboration data from the first detection of coherent
elastic neutrino-nucleus scattering (CEvNS) on argon. This release corresponds
with the results of "Analysis A" published in Akimov et al., arXiv:2003.10630
[nucl-ex]. Data is shared in a binned, text-based format representing both
"signal" and "backgrounds" along with associated uncertainties such that the
included data can be used to perform independent analyses. This document
describes the contents of the data release as well as guidance on the use of
the data. Included example code in C++ (ROOT) and Python show one possible use
of the included data.
- Feasibility and physics potential of detecting $^8$B solar neutrinos at
JUNO
2006.11760 [abs] [pdf]
[abstract]
by JUNO collaboration, [and 596 more]Angel Abusleme, Thomas Adam, Shakeel Ahmad, Sebastiano Aiello, Muhammad Akram, Nawab Ali, Fengpeng An, Guangpeng An, Qi An, Giuseppe Andronico, Nikolay Anfimov, Vito Antonelli, Tatiana Antoshkina, Burin Asavapibhop, João Pedro Athayde Marcondes de André, Didier Auguste, Andrej Babic, Wander Baldini, Andrea Barresi, Eric Baussan, Marco Bellato, Antonio Bergnoli, Enrico Bernieri, David Biare, Thilo Birkenfeld, Sylvie Blin, David Blum, Simon Blyth, Anastasia Bolshakova, Mathieu Bongrand, Clément Bordereau, Dominique Breton, Augusto Brigatti, Riccardo Brugnera, Riccardo Bruno, Antonio Budano, Max Buesken, Mario Buscemi, Jose Busto, Ilya Butorov, Anatael Cabrera, Hao Cai, Xiao Cai, Yanke Cai, Zhiyan Cai, Antonio Cammi, Agustin Campeny, Chuanya Cao, Guofu Cao, Jun Cao, Rossella Caruso, Cédric Cerna, Irakli Chakaberia, Jinfan Chang, Yun Chang, Pingping Chen, Po-An Chen, Shaomin Chen, Shenjian Chen, Xurong Chen, Yi-Wen Chen, Yixue Chen, Yu Chen, Zhang Chen, Jie Cheng, Yaping Cheng, Alexander Chepurnov, Davide Chiesa, Pietro Chimenti, Artem Chukanov, Anna Chuvashova, Gérard Claverie, Catia Clementi, Barbara Clerbaux, Selma Conforti Di Lorenzo, Daniele Corti, Salvatore Costa, Flavio Dal Corso, Christophe De La Taille, Jiawei Deng, Zhi Deng, Ziyan Deng, Wilfried Depnering, Marco Diaz, Xuefeng Ding, Yayun Ding, Bayu Dirgantara, Sergey Dmitrievsky, Tadeas Dohnal, Georgy Donchenko, Jianmeng Dong, Damien Dornic, Evgeny Doroshkevich, Marcos Dracos, Frédéric Druillole, Shuxian Du, Stefano Dusini, Martin Dvorak, Timo Enqvist, Heike Enzmann, Andrea Fabbri, Lukas Fajt, Donghua Fan, Lei Fan, Can Fang, Jian Fang, Marco Fargetta, Anna Fatkina, Dmitry Fedoseev, Vladko Fekete, Li-Cheng Feng, Qichun Feng, Richard Ford, Andrey Formozov, Amélie Fournier, Haonan Gan, Feng Gao, Alberto Garfagnini, Alexandre Göttel, Christoph Genster, Marco Giammarchi, Agnese Giaz, Nunzio Giudice, Franco Giuliani, Maxim Gonchar, Guanghua Gong, Hui Gong, Oleg Gorchakov, Yuri Gornushkin, Marco Grassi, Christian Grewing, Maxim Gromov, Vasily Gromov, Minghao Gu, Xiaofei Gu, Yu Gu, Mengyun Guan, Nunzio Guardone, Maria Gul, Cong Guo, Jingyuan Guo, Wanlei Guo, Xinheng Guo, Yuhang Guo, Paul Hackspacher, Caren Hagner, Ran Han, Yang Han, Miao He, Wei He, Tobias Heinz, Patrick Hellmuth, Yuekun Heng, Rafael Herrera, Daojin Hong, Shaojing Hou, Yee Hsiung, Bei-Zhen Hu, Hang Hu, Jianrun Hu, Jun Hu, Shouyang Hu, Tao Hu, Zhuojun Hu, Chunhao Huang, Guihong Huang, Hanxiong Huang, Qinhua Huang, Wenhao Huang, Xingtao Huang, Yongbo Huang, Jiaqi Hui, Lei Huo, Wenju Huo, Cédric Huss, Safeer Hussain, Antonio Insolia, Ara Ioannisian, Roberto Isocrate, Kuo-Lun Jen, Xiaolu Ji, Xingzhao Ji, Huihui Jia, Junji Jia, Siyu Jian, Di Jiang, Xiaoshan Jiang, Ruyi Jin, Xiaoping Jing, Cécile Jollet, Jari Joutsenvaara, Sirichok Jungthawan, Leonidas Kalousis, Philipp Kampmann, Li Kang, Michael Karagounis, Narine Kazarian, Amir Khan, Waseem Khan, Khanchai Khosonthongkee, Patrick Kinz, Denis Korablev, Konstantin Kouzakov, Alexey Krasnoperov, Svetlana Krokhaleva, Zinovy Krumshteyn, Andre Kruth, Nikolay Kutovskiy, Pasi Kuusiniemi, Tobias Lachenmaier, Cecilia Landini, Sébastien Leblanc, Frederic Lefevre, Liping Lei, Ruiting Lei, Rupert Leitner, Jason Leung, Chao Li, Demin Li, Fei Li, Fule Li, Haitao Li, Huiling Li, Jiaqi Li, Jin Li, Kaijie Li, Mengzhao Li, Nan Li, Nan Li, Qingjiang Li, Ruhui Li, Shanfeng Li, Shuaijie Li, Tao Li, Teng Li, Weidong Li, Weiguo Li, Xiaomei Li, Xiaonan Li, Xinglong Li, Yi Li, Yufeng Li, Zhibing Li, Ziyuan Li, Hao Liang, Hao Liang, Jingjing Liang, Daniel Liebau, Ayut Limphirat, Sukit Limpijumnong, Guey-Lin Lin, Shengxin Lin, Tao Lin, Jiajie Ling, Ivano Lippi, Fang Liu, Haidong Liu, Hongbang Liu, Hongjuan Liu, Hongtao Liu, Hu Liu, Hui Liu, Jianglai Liu, Jinchang Liu, Min Liu, Qian Liu, Qin Liu, Runxuan Liu, Shuangyu Liu, Shubin Liu, Shulin Liu, Xiaowei Liu, Yan Liu, Alexey Lokhov, Paolo Lombardi, Claudio Lombardo, Kai Loo, Chuan Lu, Haoqi Lu, Jingbin Lu, Junguang Lu, Shuxiang Lu, Xiaoxu Lu, Bayarto Lubsandorzhiev, Sultim Lubsandorzhiev, Livia Ludhova, Fengjiao Luo, Guang Luo, Pengwei Luo, Shu Luo, Wuming Luo, Vladimir Lyashuk, Qiumei Ma, Si Ma, Xiaoyan Ma, Xubo Ma, Jihane Maalmi, Yury Malyshkin, Fabio Mantovani, Francesco Manzali, Xin Mao, Yajun Mao, Stefano M. Mari, Filippo Marini, Sadia Marium, Cristina Martellini, Gisele Martin-Chassard, Agnese Martini, Davit Mayilyan, Axel Müller, Yue Meng, Anselmo Meregaglia, Emanuela Meroni, David Meyhöfer, Mauro Mezzetto, Jonathan Miller, Lino Miramonti, Salvatore Monforte, Paolo Montini, Michele Montuschi, Nikolay Morozov, Pavithra Muralidharan, Massimiliano Nastasi, Dmitry V. Naumov, Elena Naumova, Igor Nemchenok, Alexey Nikolaev, Feipeng Ning, Zhe Ning, Hiroshi Nunokawa, Lothar Oberauer, Juan Pedro Ochoa-Ricoux, Alexander Olshevskiy, Domizia Orestano, Fausto Ortica, Hsiao-Ru Pan, Alessandro Paoloni, Nina Parkalian, Sergio Parmeggiano, Teerapat Payupol, Yatian Pei, Nicomede Pelliccia, Anguo Peng, Haiping Peng, Frédéric Perrot, Pierre-Alexandre Petitjean, Fabrizio Petrucci, Luis Felipe Piñeres Rico, Oliver Pilarczyk, Artyom Popov, Pascal Poussot, Wathan Pratumwan, Ezio Previtali, Fazhi Qi, Ming Qi, Sen Qian, Xiaohui Qian, Hao Qiao, Zhonghua Qin, Shoukang Qiu, Muhammad Rajput, Gioacchino Ranucci, Neill Raper, Alessandra Re, Henning Rebber, Abdel Rebii, Bin Ren, Jie Ren, Taras Rezinko, Barbara Ricci, Markus Robens, Mathieu Roche, Narongkiat Rodphai, Aldo Romani, Bedřich Roskovec, Christian Roth, Xiangdong Ruan, Xichao Ruan, Saroj Rujirawat, Arseniy Rybnikov, Andrey Sadovsky, Paolo Saggese, Giuseppe Salamanna, Simone Sanfilippo, Anut Sangka, Nuanwan Sanguansak, Utane Sawangwit, Julia Sawatzki, Fatma Sawy, Michaela Schever, Jacky Schuler, Cédric Schwab, Konstantin Schweizer, Dmitry Selivanov, Alexandr Selyunin, Andrea Serafini, Giulio Settanta, Mariangela Settimo, Muhammad Shahzad, Vladislav Sharov, Gang Shi, Jingyan Shi, Yongjiu Shi, Vitaly Shutov, Andrey Sidorenkov, Fedor Simkovic, Chiara Sirignano, Jaruchit Siripak, Monica Sisti, Maciej Slupecki, Mikhail Smirnov, Oleg Smirnov, Thiago Sogo-Bezerra, Julanan Songwadhana, Boonrucksar Soonthornthum, Albert Sotnikov, Ondrej Sramek, Warintorn Sreethawong, Achim Stahl, Luca Stanco, Konstantin Stankevich, Dus Stefanik, Hans Steiger, Jochen Steinmann, Tobias Sterr, Matthias Raphael Stock, Virginia Strati, Alexander Studenikin, Gongxing Sun, Shifeng Sun, Xilei Sun, Yongjie Sun, Yongzhao Sun, Narumon Suwonjandee, Michal Szelezniak, Jian Tang, Qiang Tang, Quan Tang, Xiao Tang, Alexander Tietzsch, Igor Tkachev, Tomas Tmej, Konstantin Treskov, Andrea Triossi, Giancarlo Troni, Wladyslaw Trzaska, Cristina Tuve, Stefan van Waasen, Johannes Vanden Boom, Guillaume Vanroyen, Nikolaos Vassilopoulos, Vadim Vedin, Giuseppe Verde, Maxim Vialkov, Benoit Viaud, Cristina Volpe, Vit Vorobel, Lucia Votano, Pablo Walker, Caishen Wang, Chung-Hsiang Wang, En Wang, Guoli Wang, Jian Wang, Jun Wang, Kunyu Wang, Lu Wang, Meifen Wang, Meng Wang, Meng Wang, Ruiguang Wang, Siguang Wang, Wei Wang, Wei Wang, Wenshuai Wang, Xi Wang, Xiangyue Wang, Yangfu Wang, Yaoguang Wang, Yi Wang, Yi Wang, Yifang Wang, Yuanqing Wang, Yuman Wang, Zhe Wang, Zheng Wang, Zhimin Wang, Zongyi Wang, Apimook Watcharangkool, Lianghong Wei, Wei Wei, Yadong Wei, Liangjian Wen, Christopher Wiebusch, Steven Chan-Fai Wong, Bjoern Wonsak, Diru Wu, Fangliang Wu, Qun Wu, Wenjie Wu, Zhi Wu, Michael Wurm, Jacques Wurtz, Christian Wysotzki, Yufei Xi, Dongmei Xia, Yuguang Xie, Zhangquan Xie, Zhizhong Xing, Benda Xu, Donglian Xu, Fanrong Xu, Jilei Xu, Jing Xu, Meihang Xu, Yin Xu, Yu Xu, Baojun Yan, Xiongbo Yan, Yupeng Yan, Anbo Yang, Changgen Yang, Huan Yang, Jie Yang, Lei Yang, Xiaoyu Yang, Yifan Yang, Haifeng Yao, Zafar Yasin, Jiaxuan Ye, Mei Ye, Ugur Yegin, Frédéric Yermia, Peihuai Yi, Xiangwei Yin, Zhengyun You, Boxiang Yu, Chiye Yu, Chunxu Yu, Hongzhao Yu, Miao Yu, Xianghui Yu, Zeyuan Yu, Chengzhuo Yuan, Ying Yuan, Zhenxiong Yuan, Ziyi Yuan, Baobiao Yue, Noman Zafar, Andre Zambanini, Pan Zeng, Shan Zeng, Tingxuan Zeng, Yuda Zeng, Liang Zhan, Feiyang Zhang, Guoqing Zhang, Haiqiong Zhang, Honghao Zhang, Jiawen Zhang, Jie Zhang, Jingbo Zhang, Peng Zhang, Qingmin Zhang, Shiqi Zhang, Tao Zhang, Xiaomei Zhang, Xuantong Zhang, Yan Zhang, Yinhong Zhang, Yiyu Zhang, Yongpeng Zhang, Yuanyuan Zhang, Yumei Zhang, Zhenyu Zhang, Zhijian Zhang, Fengyi Zhao, Jie Zhao, Rong Zhao, Shujun Zhao, Tianchi Zhao, Dongqin Zheng, Hua Zheng, Minshan Zheng, Yangheng Zheng, Weirong Zhong, Jing Zhou, Li Zhou, Nan Zhou, Shun Zhou, Xiang Zhou, Jiang Zhu, Kejun Zhu, Honglin Zhuang, Liang Zong, and Jiaheng Zou [hide authors].
The Jiangmen Underground Neutrino Observatory~(JUNO) features a 20~kt
multi-purpose underground liquid scintillator sphere as its main detector. Some
of JUNO's features make it an excellent experiment for $^8$B solar neutrino
measurements, such as its low-energy threshold, its high energy resolution
compared to water Cherenkov detectors, and its much large target mass compared
to previous liquid scintillator detectors. In this paper we present a
comprehensive assessment of JUNO's potential for detecting $^8$B solar
neutrinos via the neutrino-electron elastic scattering process. A reduced 2~MeV
threshold on the recoil electron energy is found to be achievable assuming the
intrinsic radioactive background $^{238}$U and $^{232}$Th in the liquid
scintillator can be controlled to 10$^{-17}$~g/g. With ten years of data
taking, about 60,000 signal and 30,000 background events are expected. This
large sample will enable an examination of the distortion of the recoil
electron spectrum that is dominated by the neutrino flavor transformation in
the dense solar matter, which will shed new light on the tension between the
measured electron spectra and the predictions of the standard three-flavor
neutrino oscillation framework. If $\Delta
m^{2}_{21}=4.8\times10^{-5}~(7.5\times10^{-5})$~eV$^{2}$, JUNO can provide
evidence of neutrino oscillation in the Earth at the about
3$\sigma$~(2$\sigma$) level by measuring the non-zero signal rate variation
with respect to the solar zenith angle. Moveover, JUNO can simultaneously
measure $\Delta m^2_{21}$ using $^8$B solar neutrinos to a precision of 20\% or
better depending on the central value and to sub-percent precision using
reactor antineutrinos. A comparison of these two measurements from the same
detector will help elucidate the current tension between the value of $\Delta
m^2_{21}$ reported by solar neutrino experiments and the KamLAND experiment.
- 2020 Global reassessment of the neutrino oscillation picture
2006.11237 [abs] [pdf]
[abstract]
by P. F. de Salas, [and 7 more]D. V. Forero, S. Gariazzo, P. Martínez-Miravé, O. Mena, C. A. Ternes, M. Tórtola, and J. W. F. Valle [hide authors].
We present an updated global fit of neutrino oscillation data in the simplest
three-neutrino framework. In the present study we include up-to-date analyses
from a number of experiments. Concerning the atmospheric and solar sectors, we
give updated analyses of DeepCore and SNO data, respectively. We have also
included the latest electron antineutrino data collected by the Daya Bay and
RENO reactor experiments, and the long-baseline T2K and NO$\nu$A measurements.
These new analyses result in more accurate measurements of $\theta_{13}$,
$\theta_{12}$, $\Delta m_{21}^2$ and $|\Delta m_{31}^2|$. The best fit value
for the atmospheric angle $\theta_{23}$ lies in the second octant, but first
octant solutions remain allowed at $\sim2.4\sigma$. Regarding CP violation
measurements, the preferred value of $\delta$ we obtain is 1.08$\pi$
(1.58$\pi$) for normal (inverted) neutrino mass ordering. The global analysis
prefers normal neutrino mass ordering with 2.5$\sigma$. This preference is
milder than the one found in previous global analyses. The new results should
be regarded as robust due to the agreement found between our Bayesian and
frequentist approaches. Taking into account only oscillation data, there is a
weak/moderate preference for the normal neutrino mass ordering of $2.00\sigma$.
While adding neutrinoless double beta decay from the latest Gerda, CUORE and
KamLAND-Zen results barely modifies this picture, cosmological measurements
raise the preference to $2.68\sigma$ within a conservative approach. A more
aggressive data set combination of cosmological observations leads to a similar
preference, namely $2.70\sigma$. This very same cosmological data set provides
$2\sigma$ upper limits on the total neutrino mass corresponding to
$\sum\nu<0.12$ ($0.15$)~eV for normal (inverted) neutrino mass ordering.
- Improved Short-Baseline Neutrino Oscillation Search and Energy Spectrum
Measurement with the PROSPECT Experiment at HFIR
2006.11210 [abs] [pdf]
[abstract]
by M. Andriamirado, [and 63 more]A. B. Balantekin, H. R. Band, C. D. Bass, D. E. Bergeron, D. Berish, N. S. Bowden, J. P. Brodsky, C. D. Bryan, T. Classen, A. J. Conant, G. Deichert, M. V. Diwan, M. J. Dolinski, A. Erickson, B. T. Foust, J. K. Gaison, A. Galindo-Uribarri, C. E. Gilbert, B. W. Goddard, B. T. Hackett, S. Hans, A. B. Hansell, K. M. Heeger, B. Heffron, D. E. Jaffe, X. Ji, D. C. Jones, O. Kyzylova, C. E. Lane, T. J. Langford, J. LaRosa, B. R. Littlejohn, X. Lu, J. Maricic, M. P. Mendenhall, A. M. Meyer, R. Milincic, I. Mitchell, P. E. Mueller, H. P. Mumm, J. Napolitano, C. Nave, R. Neilson, J. A. Nikkel, D. Norcini, S. Nour, J. L. Palomino, D. A. Pushin, X. Qian, E. Romero-Romero, R. Rosero, P. T. Surukuchi, M. A. Tyra, R. L. Varner, D. Venegas-Vargas, P. B. Weatherly, C. White, J. Wilhelmi, A. Woolverton, M. Yeh, A. Zhang, C. Zhang, and X. Zhang [hide authors].
We present a detailed report on sterile neutrino oscillation and U-235
antineutrino energy spectrum measurement results from the PROSPECT experiment
at the highly enriched High Flux Isotope Reactor (HFIR) at Oak Ridge National
Laboratory. In 96 calendar days of data taken at an average baseline distance
of 7.9 m from the center of the 85 MW HFIR core, the PROSPECT detector has
observed more than 50,000 interactions of antineutrinos produced in beta decays
of U-235 fission products. New limits on the oscillation of antineutrinos to
light sterile neutrinos have been set by comparing the detected energy spectra
of ten reactor-detector baselines between 6.7 and 9.2 meters. Measured
differences in energy spectra between baselines show no statistically
significant indication of antineutrinos to sterile neutrino oscillation and
disfavor the Reactor Antineutrino Anomaly best-fit point at the 2.5$\sigma$
confidence level. The reported U-235 antineutrino energy spectrum measurement
shows excellent agreement with energy spectrum models generated via conversion
of the measured U-235 beta spectrum, with a $\chi^2$/DOF of 31/31. PROSPECT is
able to disfavor at 2.4$\sigma$ confidence level the hypothesis that U-235
antineutrinos are solely responsible for spectrum discrepancies between model
and data obtained at commercial reactor cores. A data-model deviation in
PROSPECT similar to that observed by commercial core experiments is preferred
with respect to no observed deviation, at a 2.2$\sigma$ confidence level.
- Implications of CP invariants for flavoured hybrid neutrino mass matrix
2006.09687 [abs] [pdf]
[abstract]
by Madan Singh.
In the present paper, I have re-examined the weak basis invariants at low
energies, proposed by C. Jarlskog and Branco et. al, respectively, in their
earlier analyses, after confronting them with the assumptions of two zeros and
an equality between arbitrary non-zero elements in the Majorana neutrino mass
matrix in the flavoured basis. This particular conjecture is found to be
experimentally feasible as shown by S. Dev and D. Raj in their recent work. The
present analysis attempts to find the necessary and sufficient condition for CP
invariance for each experimentally viable ans\"atz, pertaining to the model
along with some important implications.
- Searching for Dark Matter Signals in Timing Spectra at Neutrino
Experiments
2006.09386 [abs] [pdf]
[abstract]
by Bhaskar Dutta, [and 6 more]Doojin Kim, Shu Liao, Jong-Chul Park, Seodong Shin, Louis E. Strigari, and Adrian Thompson [hide authors].
The sensitivity to dark matter signals at neutrino experiments is
fundamentally challenged by the neutrino rates, as they leave similar
signatures in their detectors. As a way to improve the signal sensitivity, we
investigate a dark matter search strategy which utilizes the timing and energy
spectra to discriminate dark matter from neutrino signals at low-energy,
pulsed-beam neutrino experiments. This strategy was proposed in our companion
paper arXiv:1906.10745, which we apply to potential searches at COHERENT,
JSNS$^2$, and CCM. These experiments are not only sources of neutrinos but also
high intensity sources of photons. The dark matter candidate of interest comes
from the relatively prompt decay of a dark sector gauge boson which may replace
a Standard-Model photon, so the delayed neutrino events can be suppressed by
keeping prompt events only. Furthermore, prompt neutrino events can be rejected
by a cut in recoil energy spectra, as their incoming energy is relatively small
and bounded from above while dark matter may deposit a sizable energy beyond
it. We apply the search strategy of imposing a combination of energy and timing
cuts to the existing CsI data of the COHERENT experiment as a concrete example,
and report a mild excess beyond known backgrounds. We then investigate the
expected sensitivity reaches to dark matter signals in our benchmark
experiments.
- The Impact of Different Parameterizations on the Interpretation of CP
Violation in Neutrino Oscillations
2006.09384 [abs] [pdf]
[abstract]
by Peter B. Denton and Rebekah Pestes.
CP violation in the lepton mass matrix will be probed with good precision in
upcoming experiments. The amount of CP violation can be quantified in numerous
ways and is typically parameterized by the complex phase $\delta_{\rm PDG}$ in
the standard PDG definition of the lepton mixing matrix. There are additional
parameterizations of the lepton mixing matrix as well. Through various examples
we explore how, given the current data, different parameterizations can lead to
different conclusions when working with parameterization dependent variables,
such as $\delta$. We demonstrate how the smallness of $|U_{e3}|$ governs the
scale of these results. We then demonstrate how $\delta$ can be misleading and
argue that the Jarlskog is the cleanest means of presenting the amount of CP
violation in the lepton sector.
- Adjusting Neutrino Interaction Models and Evaluating Uncertainties using
NOvA Near Detector Data
2006.08727 [abs] [pdf]
[abstract]
by NOvA Collaboration, [and 194 more]M. A. Acero, P. Adamson, G. Agam, L. Aliaga, T. Alion, V. Allakhverdian, N. Anfimov, A. Antoshkin, L. Asquith, A. Aurisano, A. Back, C. Backhouse, M. Baird, N. Balashov, P. Baldi, B. A. Bambah, S. Bashar, K. Bays, S. Bending, R. Bernstein, V. Bhatnagar, B. Bhuyan, J. Bian, J. Blair, A. C. Booth, P. Bour, R. Bowles, C. Bromberg, N. Buchanan, A. Butkevich, S. Calvez, T. J. Carroll, E. Catano-Mur, S. Childress, B. C. Choudhary, T. E. Coan, M. Colo, L. Corwin, L. Cremonesi, G. S. Davies, P. F. Derwent, P. Ding, Z. Djurcic, D. Doyle, E. C. Dukes, P. Dung, H. Duyang, S. Edayath, R. Ehrlich, M. Elkins, G. J. Feldman, P. Filip, W. Flanagan, J. Franc, M. J. Frank, H. R. Gallagher, R. Gandrajula, F. Gao, S. Germani, A. Giri, R. A. Gomes, M. C. Goodman, V. Grichine, M. Groh, R. Group, B. Guo, A. Habig, F. Hakl, J. Hartnell, R. Hatcher, A. Hatzikoutelis, K. Heller, J. Hewes, A. Himmel, A. Holin, B. Howard, J. Huang, J. Hylen, F. Jediny, C. Johnson, M. Judah, I. Kakorin, D. Kalra, D. M. Kaplan, R. Keloth, O. Klimov, L. W. Koerner, L. Kolupaeva, S. Kotelnikov, Ch. Kullenberg, A. Kumar, C. D. Kuruppu, V. Kus, T. Lackey, K. Lang, L. Li, S. Lin, M. Lokajicek, S. Luchuk, K. Maan, S. Magill, W. A. Mann, M. L. Marshak, M. Martinez-Casales, V. Matveev, B. Mayes, D. P. Méndez, M. D. Messier, H. Meyer, T. Miao, W. H. Miller, S. R. Mishra, A. Mislivec, R. Mohanta, A. Moren, A. Morozova, L. Mualem, M. Muether, S. Mufson, K. Mulder, R. Murphy, J. Musser, D. Naples, N. Nayak, J. K. Nelson, R. Nichol, G. Nikseresht, E. Niner, A. Norman, A. Norrick, T. Nosek, A. Olshevskiy, T. Olson, J. Paley, R. B. Patterson, G. Pawloski, O. Petrova, R. Petti, R. K. Plunkett, A. Rafique, F. Psihas, A. Radovic, V. Raj, B. Ramson, B. Rebel, P. Rojas, V. Ryabov, O. Samoylov, M. C. Sanchez, S. Sánchez Falero, I. S. Seong, P. Shanahan, A. Sheshukov, P. Singh, V. Singh, E. Smith, J. Smolik, P. Snopok, N. Solomey, A. Sousa, K. Soustruznik, M. Strait, L. Suter, A. Sutton, C. Sweeney, R. L. Talaga, B. Tapia Oregui, P. Tas, R. B. Thayyullathil, J. Thomas, E. Tiras, D. Torbunov, J. Tripathi, Y. Torun, J. Urheim, P. Vahle, Z. Vallari, J. Vasel, P. Vokac, T. Vrba, M. Wallbank, T. K. Warburton, M. Wetstein, D. Whittington, S. G. Wojcicki, J. Wolcott, A. Yallappa Dombara, K. Yonehara, S. Yu, Y. Yu, S. Zadorozhnyy, J. Zalesak, Y. Zhang, and R. Zwaska [hide authors].
The two-detector design of the NOvA neutrino oscillation experiment, in which
two functionally identical detectors are exposed to an intense neutrino beam,
aids in canceling leading order effects of cross-section uncertainties.
However, limited knowledge of neutrino interaction cross sections still gives
rise to some of the largest systematic uncertainties in current oscillation
measurements. We show contemporary models of neutrino interactions to be
discrepant with data from NOvA, consistent with discrepancies seen in other
experiments. Adjustments to neutrino interaction models in GENIE that improve
agreement with our data are presented. We also describe systematic
uncertainties on these models, including uncertainties on multi-nucleon
interactions from a newly developed procedure using NOvA near detector data.
- Signatures of secondary acceleration in neutrino flares
2006.08660 [abs] [pdf]
[abstract]
by Claire Guépin.
High-energy neutrino flares are interesting prospective counterparts to
photon flares, as their detection would guarantee the presence of accelerated
hadrons within a source, provide precious information about cosmic-ray
acceleration and interactions, and thus impact the subsequent modeling of
non-thermal emissions in explosive transients. In these sources, photomeson
production can be efficient, producing a large amount of secondary particles,
such as charged pions and muons, that decay and produce high-energy neutrinos.
Before their decay, secondary particles can experience energy losses and
acceleration, which can impact high-energy neutrino spectra and thus affect
their detectability. In this work, we focus on the impact of secondary
acceleration. We consider a one zone model, characterized mainly by a
variability timescale $t_{\rm var}$, a luminosity $L_{\rm bol}$, a bulk Lorentz
factor $\Gamma$. The mean magnetic field $B$ is deduced from these parameters.
The photon field is modeled by a broken power-law. This generic model allows to
evaluate systematically the maximum energy of high-energy neutrinos in the
parameter space of explosive transients, and shows that it could be strongly
affected by secondary acceleration for a large number of source categories. In
order to determine the impact of secondary acceleration on the high-energy
neutrino spectrum and in particular on its peak energy and flux, we complement
these estimates by several case studies. We show that secondary acceleration
can increase the maximum neutrino flux, and produce a secondary peak at the
maximum energy in the case of efficient acceleration. Secondary acceleration
could therefore enhance the detectability of very-high-energy neutrinos, that
will be the target of next generation neutrino detectors such as KM3NeT,
IceCube-Gen2, POEMMA or GRAND.
- Determining the nuclear neutron distribution from Coherent Elastic
neutrino-Nucleus Scattering: current results and future prospects
2006.08624 [abs] [pdf]
[abstract]
by Pilar Coloma, [and 3 more]Ivan Esteban, M. C. Gonzalez-Garcia, and Javier Menendez [hide authors].
Coherent elastic neutrino-nucleus scattering (CE$\nu$NS), a process recently
measured for the first time at ORNL's Spallation Neutron Source, is directly
sensitive to the weak form factor of the nucleus. The European Spallation
Source (ESS), presently under construction, will generate the most intense
pulsed neutrino flux suitable for the detection of CE$\nu$NS. In this paper we
quantify its potential to determine the root mean square radius of the
point-neutron distribution, for a variety of target nuclei and a suite of
detectors. To put our results in context we also derive, for the first time, a
constraint on this parameter from the analysis of the energy and timing data of
the CsI detector at the COHERENT experiment.
- Cosmic Flavor Hexagon for Ultrahigh-energy Neutrinos and Antineutrinos
at Neutrino Telescopes
2006.06181 [abs] [pdf]
[abstract]
by Shun Zhou.
In this paper, we propose a hexagonal description for the flavor composition
of ultrahigh-energy (UHE) neutrinos and antineutrinos, which will hopefully be
determined at the future large neutrino telescopes. With such a geometrical
description, we are able to clearly separate the individual flavor composition
of neutrinos from that of antineutrinos in one single regular hexagon, which
can be regarded as a natural generalization of the widely-used ternary plot.
For illustration, we consider the $pp$ or $p\gamma$ collisions as the dominant
production mechanism for UHE neutrinos and antineutrinos in the cosmic
accelerator, and investigate how neutrino oscillations in the standard picture
and in the presence of Lindblad decoherence could change the flavor composition
of neutrinos and antineutrinos at neutrino telescopes.
- Unravelling the richness of dark sector by FASER$ν$
2006.05437 [abs] [pdf]
[abstract]
by Pouya Bakhti, Yasaman Farzan, and Silvia Pascoli.
FASER$\nu$ is a newly proposed experiment which will take data in run III of
the LHC during 2021-2023. It will be located in front of the FASER detector,
480~m away from the ATLAS interaction point in the forward direction. Its main
goal is to detect neutrinos of all flavors produced at the interaction point
with superb precision in reconstructing charged tracks. This capability makes
FASER$\nu$ an ideal setup for uncovering the pattern and properties of a light
dark sector. We demonstrate this capability for a well-motivated class of
models with a dark matter candidate of mass around a few GeV. Dark matter
annihilates to a pair of intermediate neutral particles that subsequently decay
into the standard model charged fermions. We show how FASER$\nu$ can shed light
on the structure of the dark sector by unravelling the decay chain within such
models.
- Probing the sensitivity to leptonic $δ_{CP}$ in presence of
invisible decay of $ν_3$ using atmospheric neutrinos
2006.04233 [abs] [pdf]
[abstract]
by Lakshmi. S. Mohan.
One of the main neutrino oscillation parameters whose value has not been
determined very precisely is the leptonic $\delta_{CP}$ phase. Since neutrinos
have a tiny but finite mass they can undergo decay both visibly and invisibly.
The effect of invisible decay of the third mass eigen state $\nu_3$ on the
sensitivity to $\delta_{CP}$ is analysed here using atmospheric neutrino and
anti-neutrino events. Effects of detector resolutions and systematic
uncertainties are studied to identify the optimum resolutions and efficiencies
required by a detector to obtain a significant sensitivity even in presence of
decay.
- Solar Neutrino Detection Sensitivity in DARWIN via Electron Scattering
2006.03114 [abs] [pdf]
[abstract]
by J. Aalbers, [and 165 more]F. Agostini, S. E. M. Ahmed Maouloud, M. Alfonsi, L. Althueser, F. Amaro, J. Angevaare, V. C. Antochi, B. Antunovic, E. Aprile, L. Arazi, F. Arneodo, M. Balzer, L. Baudis, D. Baur, M. L. Benabderrahmane, Y. Biondi, A. Bismark, C. Bourgeois, A. Breskin, P. A. Breur, A. Brown, E. Brown, S. Brünner, G. Bruno, R. Budnik, C. Capelli, J. Cardoso, D. Cichon, M. Clark, A. P. Colijn, J. Conrad, J. J. Cuenca-García, J. P. Cussonneau, M. P. Decowski, A. Depoian, J. Dierle, P. Di Gangi, A. Di Giovanni, S. Diglio, D. Douillet, G. Drexlin, K. Eitel, R. Engel, E. Erdal, A. D. Ferella, H. Fischer, P. Fischer, W. Fulgione, P. Gaemers, M. Galloway, F. Gao, D. Giovagnoli, F. Girard, R. Glade-Beucke, F. Glück, L. Grandi, S. Grohmann, R. Größle, R. Gumbsheimer, V. Hannen, S. Hansmann-Menzemer, C. Hils, B. Holzapfel, J. Howlett, G. Iaquaniello, F. Jörg, M. Keller, J. Kellerer, G. Khundzakishvili, B. Kilminster, M. Kleifges, T. K. Kleiner, G. Koltmann, A. Kopec, A. Kopmann, L. M. Krauss, F. Kuger, L. LaCascio, H. Landsman, R. F. Lang, S. Lindemann, M. Lindner, F. Lombardi, J. A. M. Lopes, A. Loya Villalpando, Y. Ma, C. Macolino, J. Mahlstedt, A. Manfredini, T. Marrodán Undagoitia, J. Masbou, D. Masson, E. Masson, N. McFadden, P. Meinhardt, R. Meyer, B. Milosevic, S. Milutinovic, A. Molinario, C. M. B. Monteiro, K. Morå, E. Morteau, Y. Mosbacher, M. Murra, J. L. Newstead, K. Ni, U. G. Oberlack, M. Obradovic, K. Odgers, I. Ostrovskiy, J. Palacio, M. Pandurovic, B. Pelssers, R. Peres, J. Pienaar, M. Pierre, V. Pizzella, G. Plante, J. Qi, J. Qin, D. Ramírez García, S. E. Reichard, N. Rupp, P. Sanchez-Lucas, J. Santos, G. Sartorelli, D. Schulte, H. -C. Schultz-Coulon, H. Schulze Eißing, M. Schumann, L. Scotto Lavina, M. Selvi, P. Shagin, S. Sharma, W. Shen, M. Silva, H. Simgen, M. Steidl, S. Stern, D. Subotic, P. Szabo, A. Terliuk, C. Therreau, D. Thers, K. Thieme, F. Toennies, R. Trotta, C. D. Tunnell, K. Valerius, G. Volta, D. Vorkapic, M. Weber, Y. Wei, C. Weinheimer, M. Weiss, D. Wenz, C. Wittweg, J. Wolf, S. Wuestling, M. Wurm, Y. Xing, T. Zhu, Y. Zhu, J. P. Zopounidis, and K. Zuber [hide authors].
We detail the sensitivity of the liquid xenon (LXe) DARWIN observatory to
solar neutrinos via elastic electron scattering. We find that DARWIN will have
the potential to measure the fluxes of five solar neutrino components: $pp$,
$^7$Be, $^{13}$N, $^{15}$O and $pep$. The precision of the $^{13}$N, $^{15}$O
and $pep$ components is hindered by the double-beta decay of $^{136}$Xe and,
thus, would benefit from a depleted target. A high-statistics observation of
$pp$ neutrinos would allow us to infer the values of the weak mixing angle,
$\sin^2\theta_w$, and the electron-type neutrino survival probability, $P_e$,
in the electron recoil energy region from a few keV up to 200 keV for the first
time, with relative precision of 5% and 4%, respectively, at an exposure of 300
ty. An observation of $pp$ and $^7$Be neutrinos would constrain the
neutrino-inferred solar luminosity down to 0.2%. A combination of all flux
measurements would distinguish between the high (GS98) and low metallicity
(AGS09) solar models with 2.1-2.5$\sigma$ significance, independent of external
measurements from other experiments or a measurement of $^8$B neutrinos through
coherent elastic neutrino-nucleus scattering in DARWIN. Finally, we demonstrate
that with a depleted target DARWIN may be sensitive to the neutrino capture
process of $^{131}$Xe.
- Mapping reactor neutrino spectra from TAO to JUNO
2006.01648 [abs] [pdf]
[abstract]
by Francesco Capozzi, Eligio Lisi, and Antonio Marrone.
The Jiangmen Underground Neutrino Observatory (JUNO) project aims at probing,
at the same time, the two main frequencies of three-flavor neutrino
oscillations, as well as their interference related to the mass ordering
(normal or inverted), at a distance of ~53 km from two powerful reactor
complexes in China, at Yangjiang and Taishan. In the latter complex, the
unoscillated spectrum from one reactor core is planned to be closely monitored
by the Taishan Antineutrino Observatory (TAO), expected to have better
resolution (x 1/2) and higher statistics (x 30) than JUNO. In the context of
neutrino energy spectra endowed with fine-structure features from summation
calculations, we analyze in detail the effects of energy resolution and nucleon
recoil on observable event spectra. We show that a model spectrum in TAO can be
mapped into a corresponding spectrum in JUNO through appropriate convolutions.
The mapping is exact in the hypothetical case without oscillations, and holds
to a very good accuracy in the real case with oscillations. We then analyze the
sensitivity to mass ordering of JUNO (and its precision oscillometry
capabilities) assuming a single reference spectrum, as well as bundles of
variant spectra, as obtained by changing nuclear input uncertainties in
summation calculations from a publicly available toolkit. We show through a
chi-squared analysis that variant spectra induce little reduction of the
sensitivity in JUNO, especially when TAO constraints are included. Subtle
aspects of the statistical analysis of variant spectra are also discussed.
- Reactor Antineutrino Oscillations at Super-Kamiokande
2006.01155 [abs] [pdf]
[abstract]
by André de Gouvêa and Ivan Martinez-Soler.
SuperKamiokande (SK) doped with gadolinium has the capability to efficiently
identify electron-antineutrinos through inverse beta-decay. Given the size of
SK and the number of nuclear reactors in its vicinity, we argue that SK can
observe the oscillations of reactor antineutrinos driven by the so-called solar
mass-squared difference $\Delta m^2_{21}$. After only one year of data taking,
we estimate that SK can measure $\Delta m^2_{21}$ with enough precision to help
inform the current small tension between existing results from KamLAND and
solar neutrino experiments.
May 2020
- Dark Matter-Neutrino Interconversion at COHERENT, Direct Detection, and
the Early Universe
2005.13384 [abs] [pdf]
[abstract]
by Nicholas Hurtado, [and 4 more]Hana Mir, Ian M. Shoemaker, Eli Welch, and Jason Wyenberg [hide authors].
We study a Dark Matter (DM) model in which the dominant coupling to the
standard model occurs through a neutrino-DM-scalar coupling. The new singlet
scalar will generically have couplings to nuclei/electrons arising from
renormalizable Higgs portal interactions. As a result the DM particle $X$ can
convert into a neutrino via scattering on a target nucleus $\mathcal{N}$: $ X +
\mathcal{N} \rightarrow \nu + \mathcal{N}$, leading to striking signatures at
direct detection experiments. Similarly, DM can be produced in neutrino
scattering events at neutrino experiments: $ \nu + \mathcal{N} \rightarrow X +
\mathcal{N}$, predicting spectral distortions at experiments such as COHERENT.
Furthermore, the model allows for late kinetic decoupling of dark matter with
implications for small-scale structure. At low masses, we find that COHERENT
and late kinetic decoupling produce the strongest constraints on the model,
while at high masses the leading constraints come from DM down-scattering at
XENON1T and Borexino. Future improvement will come from CE$\nu$NS data,
ultra-low threshold direct detection, and rare kaon decays.
- Modified majoron model for cosmological anomalies
2005.13280 [abs] [pdf]
[abstract]
by Gabriela Barenboim and Ulrich Nierste.
The vacuum expectation value $v_s$ of a Higgs triplet field $\Delta$ carrying
two units of lepton number $L$ induces neutrino masses $\propto v_s$. The
neutral component of $\Delta$ gives rise to two Higgs particles, a pseudoscalar
$A$ and a scalar $S$. The most general renormalizable Higgs potential $V$ for
$\Delta $ and the Standard-Model Higgs doublet $\Phi$ does not permit the
possibility that the mass of either $A$ or $S$ is small, of order $v_s$, while
the other mass is heavy enough to forbid the decay $Z\to A S$ to comply with
LEP 1 data. We present a model with additional dimension-6 terms in $V$, in
which this feature is absent and either $A$ or $S$ can be chosen light.
Subsequently we propose the model as a remedy to cosmological anomalies, namely
the tension between observed and predicted tensor-to-scalar mode ratios in the
cosmic microwave background and the different values of the Hubble constant
measured at different cosmological scales. Furthermore, if $\Delta$ dominantly
couples to the third-generation doublet $L_\tau=(\nu_\tau,\tau)$, the deficit
of $\nu_\tau$ events at IceCube can be explained. The singly and doubly charged
triplet Higgs bosons are lighter than 280 GeV and 400 GeV respectively, and
could be found at the LHC.
- Supernovae neutrino detection via coherent scattering off silicon nuclei
2005.13068 [abs] [pdf]
[abstract]
by Ana Luisa Foguel, Eduardo Souza Fraga, and Carla Bonifazi.
Low-energy neutrinos are clean messengers from supernovae explosions and
probably carry unique insights into the process of stellar evolution. We
estimate the expected number of events considering coherent elastic scattering
of neutrinos off silicon nuclei, as would happen in Charge Coupled Devices
(CCD) detectors. The number of expected events, integrated over a window of
about 18 s, is $\sim$ 4 if we assume 10 kg of silicon and a supernovae 1 kpc
away. For a distance similar to the red supergiant Betelgeuse, the number of
expected events increases to $\sim$ 30 - 120, depending on the supernovae
model. We argue that silicon detectors can be effective for supernovae
neutrinos, and might possibly distinguish between models for certain target
masses and distances.
- Searching for eV-scale sterile neutrinos with eight years of atmospheric
neutrinos at the IceCube neutrino telescope
2005.12943 [abs] [pdf]
[abstract]
by M. G. Aartsen, [and 376 more]R. Abbasi, M. Ackermann, J. Adams, J. A. Aguilar, M. Ahlers, M. Ahrens, C. Alispach, N. M. Amin, K. Andeen, T. Anderson, I. Ansseau, G. Anton, C. Argüelles, J. Auffenberg, S. Axani, H. Bagherpour, X. Bai, A. Balagopal V., A. Barbano, S. W. Barwick, B. Bastian, V. Basu, V. Baum, S. Baur, R. Bay, J. J. Beatty, K. -H. Becker, J. Becker Tjus, S. BenZvi, D. Berley, E. Bernardini, D. Z. Besson, G. Binder, D. Bindig, E. Blaufuss, S. Blot, C. Bohm, S. Böser, O. Botner, J. Böttcher, E. Bourbeau, J. Bourbeau, F. Bradascio, J. Braun, S. Bron, J. Brostean-Kaiser, A. Burgman, J. Buscher, R. S. Busse, T. Carver, C. Chen, E. Cheung, D. Chirkin, S. Choi, B. A. Clark, K. Clark, L. Classen, A. Coleman, G. H. Collin, J. M. Conrad, P. Coppin, P. Correa, D. F. Cowen, R. Cross, P. Dave, C. De Clercq, J. J. DeLaunay, H. Dembinski, K. Deoskar, S. De Ridder, A. Desai, P. Desiati, K. D. de Vries, G. de Wasseige, M. de With, T. DeYoung, S. Dharani, A. Diaz, J. C. Díaz-Vélez, H. Dujmovic, M. Dunkman, M. A. DuVernois, E. Dvorak, T. Ehrhardt, P. Eller, R. Engel, P. A. Evenson, S. Fahey, A. R. Fazely, A. Fedynitch, J. Felde, A. T. Fienberg, K. Filimonov, C. Finley, D. Fox, A. Franckowiak, E. Friedman, A. Fritz, T. K. Gaisser, J. Gallagher, E. Ganster, S. Garrappa, L. Gerhardt, T. Glauch, T. Glüsenkamp, A. Goldschmidt, J. G. Gonzalez, D. Grant, T. Grégoire, Z. Griffith, S. Griswold, M. Günder, M. Gündüz, C. Haack, A. Hallgren, R. Halliday, L. Halve, F. Halzen, K. Hanson, J. Hardin, A. Haungs, S. Hauser, D. Hebecker, D. Heereman, P. Heix, K. Helbing, R. Hellauer, F. Henningsen, S. Hickford, J. Hignight, G. C. Hill, K. D. Hoffman, R. Hoffmann, T. Hoinka, B. Hokanson-Fasig, K. Hoshina, F. Huang, M. Huber, T. Huber, K. Hultqvist, M. Hünnefeld, R. Hussain, S. In, N. Iovine, A. Ishihara, M. Jansson, G. S. Japaridze, M. Jeong, B. J. P. Jones, F. Jonske, R. Joppe, D. Kang, W. Kang, A. Kappes, D. Kappesser, T. Karg, M. Karl, A. Karle, U. Katz, M. Kauer, M. Kellermann, J. L. Kelley, A. Kheirandish, J. Kim, T. Kintscher, J. Kiryluk, T. Kittler, S. R. Klein, R. Koirala, H. Kolanoski, L. Köpke, C. Kopper, S. Kopper, D. J. Koskinen, P. Koundal, M. Kowalski, K. Krings, G. Krückl, N. Kulacz, N. Kurahashi, A. Kyriacou, J. L. Lanfranchi, M. J. Larson, F. Lauber, J. P. Lazar, K. Leonard, A. Leszczyńska, Y. Li, Q. R. Liu, E. Lohfink, C. J. Lozano Mariscal, L. Lu, F. Lucarelli, A. Ludwig, J. Lünemann, W. Luszczak, Y. Lyu, W. Y. Ma, J. Madsen, G. Maggi, K. B. M. Mahn, Y. Makino, P. Mallik, S. Mancina, I. C. Mariş, R. Maruyama, K. Mase, R. Maunu, F. McNally, K. Meagher, M. Medici, A. Medina, M. Meier, S. Meighen-Berger, J. Merz, T. Meures, J. Micallef, D. Mockler, G. Momenté, T. Montaruli, R. W. Moore, R. Morse, M. Moulai, P. Muth, R. Nagai, U. Naumann, G. Neer, L. V. Nguyen, H. Niederhausen, M. U. Nisa, S. C. Nowicki, D. R. Nygren, A. Obertacke Pollmann, M. Oehler, A. Olivas, A. O'Murchadha, E. O'Sullivan, T. Palczewski, H. Pandya, D. V. Pankova, N. Park, G. K. Parker, E. N. Paudel, P. Peiffer, C. Pérez de los Heros, S. Philippen, D. Pieloth, S. Pieper, E. Pinat, A. Pizzuto, M. Plum, Y. Popovych, A. Porcelli, M. Prado Rodriguez, P. B. Price, G. T. Przybylski, C. Raab, A. Raissi, M. Rameez, L. Rauch, K. Rawlins, I. C. Rea, A. Rehman, R. Reimann, B. Relethford, M. Renschler, G. Renzi, E. Resconi, W. Rhode, M. Richman, B. Riedel, S. Robertson, M. Rongen, C. Rott, T. Ruhe, D. Ryckbosch, D. Rysewyk Cantu, I. Safa, S. E. Sanchez Herrera, A. Sandrock, J. Sandroos, M. Santander, S. Sarkar, S. Sarkar, K. Satalecka, M. Scharf, M. Schaufel, H. Schieler, P. Schlunder, T. Schmidt, A. Schneider, J. Schneider, F. G. Schröder, L. Schumacher, S. Sclafani, D. Seckel, S. Seunarine, S. Shefali, M. Silva, B. Smithers, R. Snihur, J. Soedingrekso, D. Soldin, M. Song, G. M. Spiczak, C. Spiering, J. Stachurska, M. Stamatikos, T. Stanev, R. Stein, J. Stettner, A. Steuer, T. Stezelberger, R. G. Stokstad, A. Stößl, N. L. Strotjohann, T. Stürwald, T. Stuttard, G. W. Sullivan, I. Taboada, F. Tenholt, S. Ter-Antonyan, A. Terliuk, S. Tilav, K. Tollefson, L. Tomankova, C. Tönnis, S. Toscano, D. Tosi, A. Trettin, M. Tselengidou, C. F. Tung, A. Turcati, R. Turcotte, C. F. Turley, B. Ty, E. Unger, M. A. Unland Elorrieta, M. Usner, J. Vandenbroucke, W. Van Driessche, D. van Eijk, N. van Eijndhoven, D. Vannerom, J. van Santen, S. Verpoest, M. Vraeghe, C. Walck, A. Wallace, M. Wallraff, T. B. Watson, C. Weaver, A. Weindl, M. J. Weiss, J. Weldert, C. Wendt, J. Werthebach, B. J. Whelan, N. Whitehorn, K. Wiebe, C. H. Wiebusch, D. R. Williams, L. Wills, M. Wolf, T. R. Wood, K. Woschnagg, G. Wrede, J. Wulff, X. W. Xu, Y. Xu, J. P. Yanez, G. Yodh, S. Yoshida, T. Yuan, Z. Zhang, and M. Zöcklein [hide authors].
We report in detail on searches for eV-scale sterile neutrinos, in the
context of a 3+1 model, using eight years of data from the IceCube neutrino
telescope. By analyzing the reconstructed energies and zenith angles of 305,735
atmospheric $\nu_\mu$ and $\bar{\nu}_\mu$ events we construct confidence
intervals in two analysis spaces: $\sin^2 (2\theta_{24})$ vs. $\Delta m^2_{41}$
under the conservative assumption $\theta_{34}=0$; and $\sin^2(2\theta_{24})$
vs. $\sin^2 (2\theta_{34})$ given sufficiently large $\Delta m^2_{41}$ that
fast oscillation features are unresolvable. Detailed discussions of the event
selection, systematic uncertainties, and fitting procedures are presented. No
strong evidence for sterile neutrinos is found, and the best-fit likelihood is
consistent with the no sterile neutrino hypothesis with a p-value of 8\% in the
first analysis space and 19\% in the second.
- Interpretation of NO$ν$A and T2K data in the presence of a light
sterile neutrino
2005.10338 [abs] [pdf]
[abstract]
by Sabya Sachi Chatterjee and Antonio Palazzo.
We study in detail the impact of a light sterile neutrino in the
interpretation of the latest data of the long baseline experiments NO$\nu$A and
T2K, assessing the robustness/fragility of the estimates of the standard
3-flavor parameters with respect to the perturbations induced in the 3+1
scheme. We find that all the basic features of the 3-flavor analysis, including
the weak indication ($\sim$1.4$\sigma$) in favor of the inverted neutrino mass
ordering, the preference for values of the CP-phase $\delta_{13} \sim 1.2\pi$,
and the substantial degeneracy of the two octants of $\theta_{23}$, all remain
basically unaltered in the 4-flavor scheme. Our analysis also demonstrates that
it is possible to attain some constraints on the new CP-phase $\delta_{14}$.
Finally, we point out that, differently from non-standard neutrino
interactions, light sterile neutrinos are not capable to alleviate the tension
recently emerged between NO$\nu$A and T2K in the appearance channel.
- Probing Source and Detector NSI parameters at the DUNE Near Detector
2005.10272 [abs] [pdf]
[abstract]
by Alessio Giarnetti and Davide Meloni.
We investigate the capability of the DUNE Near Detector (ND) to constrain Non
Standard Interaction parameters (NSI) describing the production of neutrinos
($\varepsilon_{\alpha\beta}^s$) and their detection
($\varepsilon_{\alpha\beta}^d$). We show that the DUNE ND is able to reject a
large portion of the parameter space allowed by DUNE Far Detector analyses and
to set the most stringent bounds from accelerator neutrino experiments on
$|\varepsilon_{\mu e}^{s,d}|$ and $|\varepsilon_{\mu\tau}^{s,d}|$ for wide
intervals of the related phases. We also provide simple analytic understanding
of our results as well as their dependence on the data taking time, showing
that the DUNE ND offers a theoretically clean environment where to study source
and detector NSI.
- The Pacific Ocean Neutrino Experiment
2005.09493 [abs] [pdf]
[abstract]
by M. Agostini, [and 35 more]M. Böhmer, J. Bosma, K. Clark, M. Danninger, C. Fruck, R. Gernhäuser, A. Gärtner, D. Grant, F. Henningsen, K. Holzapfel, M. Huber, R. Jenkyns, C. B. Krauss, K. Krings, C. Kopper, K. Leismüller, S. Leys, P. Macoun, S. Meighen-Berger, J. Michel, R. W. Moore, M. Morley, P. Padovani, T. Pollmann, L. Papp, B. Pirenne, C. Qiu, I. C. Rea, E. Resconi, A. Round, A. Ruskey, C. Spannfellner, M. Traxler, A. Turcati, and J. P. Yanez [hide authors].
The Pacific Ocean Neutrino Experiment (P-ONE) is a new initiative with a
vision towards constructing a multi-cubic kilometre neutrino telescope, to
expand our observable window of the Universe to highest energies, installed
within the deep Pacific Ocean underwater infrastructure of Ocean Networks
Canada.
- Constraining sterile neutrinos by core-collapse supernovae with multiple
detectors
2005.09168 [abs] [pdf]
[abstract]
by Jian Tang, TseChun Wang, and Meng-Ru Wu.
The eV-scale sterile neutrino has been proposed to explain some anomalous
results in experiments, \textit{such as} the deficit of reactor neutrino fluxes
and the excess of $\bar{\nu}_\mu\to\bar{\nu}_e$ in LSND. This hypothesis can be
tested by future core-collapse supernova neutrino detection independently since
the active-sterile mixing scheme affects the flavor conversion of neutrinos
inside the supernova. In this work, we compute the predicted supernova neutrino
events in future detectors -- DUNE, Hyper-K, and JUNO -- for neutrinos emitted
during the neutronization burst phase when the luminosity of $\nu_e$ dominates
the other flavors. We find that for a supernova occurring within 10 kpc, the
difference in the event numbers with and without sterile neutrinos allows to
exclude the sterile neutrino hypothesis at more than $99\%$ confidence level
robustly. The derived constraints on sterile neutrinos mixing parameters are
comparably better than the results from cosmology and on-going or proposed
reactor experiments by more than two orders of magnitude in the
$\sin^22\theta_{14}$-$\Delta m_{41}^2$ plane.
- Cross-correlating 2MRS galaxies with UHECR flux from Pierre Auger
Observatory
2005.08782 [abs] [pdf]
[abstract]
by Pavel Motloch.
We apply a recently proposed cross-correlation power spectrum technique to
study relationship between the ultra-high energy cosmic ray (UHERC) flux from
the Pierre Auger Observatory and galaxies from the 2MASS Redshift Survey. Using
a simple linear bias model relative to the galaxy auto power spectrum, we are
able to constrain the value of bias to be less than 1% for UHECR with energies
4 EeV - 8 EeV, less than 2.3% for UHECR with energies above 8 EeV and less than
21% for UHECR with energies above 52 EeV (all 95% confidence limit). We study
energy dependence of the bias, but the small sample size does not allow us to
reach any statistically significant conclusions. For the cosmic ray events
above 52 EeV we discover a curious excess cross-correlation at $\sim 1^\circ$
degree scales. Given similar cross-correlation is not visible at larger angular
scales, statistical fluctuation seems like the most plausible explanation.
- Investigation of energy spectrum and chemical composition of primary
cosmic rays in 1-100 PeV energy range with a UAV-borne installation
2005.07993 [abs] [pdf]
[abstract]
by D. Chernov, [and 8 more]E. Bonvech, M. Finger Jr, M. Finger, V. Galkin, V. Ivanov, D. Podgrudkov, T. Roganova, and I. Vaiman [hide authors].
A new project is developed with the implementation of a relatively new method
of studying the primary cosmic ray -- the registration of extensive air
showers' optical Vavilov-Cherenkov radiation (Cherenkov light) reflected from
the snow surface. The aim of the project is the study of the cosmic ray mass
composition in the energy range of 1-100 PeV by detecting the reflected
extensive air showers' Cherenkov light. Silicon photomultipliers are planned to
be used as the main photosensitive element of the detector and an unmanned
aerial vehicle will is planned to lift the measuring equipment over the
snow-covered ground.
- Evidence for a Supergalactic Structure of Magnetic Deflection Multiplets
of Ultra-High Energy Cosmic Rays
2005.07312 [abs] [pdf]
[abstract]
by Telescope Array Collaboration, [and 143 more]R. U. Abbasi, M. Abe, T. Abu-Zayyad, M. Allen, R. Azuma, E. Barcikowski, J. W. Belz, D. R. Bergman, S. A. Blake, R. Cady, B. G. Cheon, J. Chiba, M. Chikawa, A. di Matteo, T. Fujii, K. Fujisue, K. Fujita, R. Fujiwara, M. Fukushima, G. Furlich, W. Hanlon, M. Hayashi, N. Hayashida, K. Hibino, R. Higuchi, K. Honda, D. Ikeda, T. Inadomi, N. Inoue, T. Ishii, R. Ishimori, H. Ito, D. Ivanov, H. Iwakura, H. M. Jeong, S. Jeong, C. C. H. Jui, K. Kadota, F. Kakimoto, O. Kalashev, K. Kasahara, S. Kasami, H. Kawai, S. Kawakami, S. Kawana, K. Kawata, E. Kido, H. B. Kim, J. H. Kim, J. H. Kim, M. H. Kim, S. W. Kim, S. Kishigami, V. Kuzmin, M. Kuznetsov, Y. J. Kwon, K. H. Lee, B. Lubsandorzhiev, J. P. Lundquist, K. Machida, H. Matsumiya, T. Matsuyama, J. N. Matthews, R. Mayta, M. Minamino, K. Mukai, I. Myers, S. Nagataki, K. Nakai, R. Nakamura, T. Nakamura, Y. Nakamura, T. Nonaka, H. Oda, S. Ogio, M. Ohnishi, H. Ohoka, Y. Oku, T. Okuda, Y. Omura, M. Ono, R. Onogi, A. Oshima, S. Ozawa, I. H. Park, M. S. Pshirkov, J. Remington, D. C. Rodriguez, G. Rubtsov, D. Ryu, H. Sagawa, R. Sahara, Y. Saito, N. Sakaki, T. Sako, N. Sakurai, K. Sano, T. Seki, K. Sekino, P. D. Shah, F. Shibata, T. Shibata, H. Shimodaira, B. K. Shin, H. S. Shin, J. D. Smith, P. Sokolsky, N. Sone, B. T. Stokes, T. A. Stroman, T. Suzawa, Y. Takagi, Y. Takahashi, M. Takamura, R. Takeishi, A. Taketa, M. Takita, Y. Tameda, H. Tanaka, K. Tanaka, M. Tanaka, Y. Tanoue, S. B. Thomas, G. B. Thomson, P. Tinyakov, I. Tkachev, H. Tokuno, T. Tomida, S. Troitsky, Y. Tsunesada, Y. Uchihori, S. Udo, T. Uehama, F. Urban, T. Wong, K. Yada, M. Yamamoto, K. Yamazaki, J. Yang, K. Yashiro, M. Yosei, Y. Zhezher, and Z. Zundel [hide authors].
Evidence for a large-scale supergalactic cosmic ray multiplet (arrival
directions correlated with energy) structure is reported for ultra-high energy
cosmic ray (UHECR) energies above 10$^{19}$ eV using seven years of data from
the Telescope Array (TA) surface detector and updated to 10 years. Previous
energy-position correlation studies have made assumptions regarding magnetic
field shapes and strength, and UHECR composition. Here the assumption tested is
that, since the supergalactic plane is a fit to the average matter density of
the local Large Scale Structure (LSS), UHECR sources and intervening
extragalactic magnetic fields are correlated with this plane. This
supergalactic deflection hypothesis is tested by the entire field-of-view (FOV)
behavior of the strength of intermediate-scale energy-angle correlations. These
multiplets are measured in spherical cap section bins (wedges) of the FOV to
account for coherent and random magnetic fields. The structure found is
consistent with supergalactic deflection, the previously published energy
spectrum anisotropy results of TA (the hotspot and coldspot), and toy-model
simulations of a supergalactic magnetic sheet. The seven year data post-trial
significance of this supergalactic structure of multiplets appearing by chance,
on an isotropic sky, is found by Monte Carlo simulation to be 4.2$\sigma$. The
ten years of data post-trial significance is 4.1$\sigma$. Furthermore, the
starburst galaxy M82 is shown to be a possible source of the TA Hotspot, and an
estimate of the supergalactic magnetic field using UHECR measurements is
presented.
- Visible Decay of Astrophysical Neutrinos at IceCube
2005.07200 [abs] [pdf]
[abstract]
by Asli Abdullahi and Peter B. Denton.
Neutrino decay modifies neutrino propagation in a unique way; not only is
there flavor changing as there is in neutrino oscillations, there is also
energy transport from initial to final neutrinos. The most sensitive direct
probe of neutrino decay is currently IceCube which can measure the energy and
flavor of neutrinos traveling over extragalactic distances. For the first time
we calculate the flavor transition probability for the cases of visible and
invisible neutrino decay, including the effects of the expansion of the
universe, and consider the implications for IceCube. As an example, we
demonstrate how neutrino decay addresses a tension in the IceCube data. We also
provide a publicly available code to calculate the effect of visible decay.
- Muons in supernovae: implications for the axion-muon coupling
2005.07141 [abs] [pdf]
[abstract]
by Robert Bollig, [and 3 more]William DeRocco, Peter W. Graham, and Hans-Thomas Janka [hide authors].
The high temperature and electron degeneracy attained during a supernova
allow for the formation of a large muon abundance within the core of the
resulting proto-neutron star. If new pseudoscalar degrees of freedom have large
couplings to the muon, they can be produced by this muon abundance and
contribute to the cooling of the star. By generating the largest collection of
supernova simulations with muons to date, we show that observations of the
cooling rate of SN 1987A place strong constraints on the coupling of axion-like
particles to muons, limiting the coupling to $g_{a\mu} <
10^{-8.1}~\text{GeV}^{-1}$.
- CPT and CP, an entangled couple
2005.05975 [abs] [pdf]
[abstract]
by Gabriela Barenboim, Christoph A. Ternes, and Mariam Tórtola.
Even though it is undoubtedly very appealing to interpret the latest T2K
results as evidence of CP violation, this claim assumes CPT conservation in the
neutrino sector to an extent that has not been tested yet. As we will show, T2K
results are not robust against a CPT-violating explanation. On the contrary, a
CPT-violating CP-conserving scenario is in perfect agreement with current
neutrino oscillation data. Therefore, to elucidate whether T2K results imply CP
or CPT violation is of utter importance. We show that, even after combining
with data from NO$\nu$A and from reactor experiments, no claims about CP
violation can be made. Finally, we update the bounds on CPT violation in the
neutrino sector.
- Resonant Neutrino Self-Interactions
2005.05332 [abs] [pdf]
[abstract]
by Cyril Creque-Sarbinowski, Jeffrey Hyde, and Marc Kamionkowski.
If neutrinos have self-interactions, these will induce scatterings between
astrophysical and cosmic neutrinos. Prior work proposed to look for possible
resulting resonance features in astrophysical neutrino spectra in order to seek
a neutrino self-interaction which can be either diagonal in the neutrino flavor
space or couple different neutrino flavors. The calculation of the
astrophysical spectra involves either a Monte Carlo simulation or a
computationally intensive numerical integration of an
integro-partial-differential equation. As a result only limited regions of the
neutrino self-interaction parameter space have been explored, and only
flavor-diagonal self-interactions have been considered. Here, we present a
fully analytic form for the astrophysical neutrino spectra for arbitrary
neutrino number and arbitrary self-coupling matrix that accurately obtains the
resonance features in the observable neutrino spectra. The results can be
applied to calculations of the diffuse supernova neutrino background and of the
spectrum from high-energy astrophysical neutrino sources. We illustrate with a
few examples.
- Probing neutrino quantum decoherence at reactor experiments
2005.03022 [abs] [pdf]
[abstract]
by André de Gouvêa, Valentina De Romeri, and Christoph A. Ternes.
We explore how well reactor antineutrino experiments can constrain or measure
the loss of quantum coherence in neutrino oscillations. We assume that
decoherence effects are encoded in the size of the neutrino wave-packet,
$\sigma$. We find that the current experiments Daya Bay and the Reactor
Experiment for Neutrino Oscillation (RENO) already constrain $\sigma>1.0\times
10^{-4}$ nm and estimate that future data from the Jiangmen Underground
Neutrino Observatory (JUNO) would be sensitive to $\sigma<2.1\times 10^{-3}$
nm. If the effects of loss of coherence are within the sensitivity of JUNO, we
expect $\sigma$ to be measured with good precision. The discovery of nontrivial
decoherence effects in JUNO would indicate that our understanding of the
coherence of neutrino sources is, at least, incomplete.
- Bayesian constraints on the astrophysical neutrino source population
from IceCube data
2005.02395 [abs] [pdf]
[abstract]
by Francesca Capel, Daniel J. Mortlock, and Chad Finley.
We present constraints on an astrophysical population of neutrino sources
imposed by recent data from the IceCube neutrino observatory. By using the
IceCube point source search method to model the detection of sources, our
detection criterion is more sensitive than using the observation of high-energy
neutrino multiplets for source identification. We frame the problem as a
Bayesian hierarchical model to connect the high-level population parameters to
the IceCube data, allowing us to consistently account for all relevant sources
of uncertainty in our model assumptions. Our results show that sources with a
local density of $n_0 \gtrsim 10^{-7}$ $\rm{Mpc}^{-3}$ and luminosity $L
\lesssim 10^{43}$ erg/s are the most likely candidates, but that populations of
rare sources with $n_0 \simeq 10^{-9}$ $\rm{Mpc}^{-3}$ and $L \simeq 10^{45}$
erg/s can still be consistent with the IceCube observations. We demonstrate
that these conclusions are strongly dependent on the source evolution
considered, for which we consider a wide range of models. In doing so, we
present realistic, model-independent constraints on the population parameters
that reflect our current state of knowledge from astrophysical neutrino
observations. We also use our framework to investigate constraints in the case
of possible source detections and future instrument upgrades. Our approach is
flexible and can be used to model specific source cases and extended to include
multi-messenger information.
- Searching for Sub-GeV Dark Matter in the Galactic Centre using
Hyper-Kamiokande
2005.01950 [abs] [pdf]
[abstract]
by Nicole F. Bell, Matthew J. Dolan, and Sandra Robles.
Indirect detection of dark matter via its annihilation products is a key
technique in the search for dark matter in the form of weakly interacting
massive particles (WIMPs). Strong constraints exist on the annihilation of
WIMPs to highly visible Standard Model final states such as photons or charged
particles. In the case of s-wave annihilation, this typically eliminates
thermal relic cross sections for dark matter of mass below $\cal{O}$(10) GeV.
However, such limits typically neglect the possibility that dark matter may
annihilate to assumed invisible or hard-to-detect final states, such as
neutrinos. This is a difficult paradigm to probe due to the weak neutrino
interaction cross section. Considering dark matter annihilation in the Galactic
halo, we study the prospects for indirect detection using the Hyper-Kamiokande
(HyperK) neutrino experiment, for dark matter of mass below 1 GeV. We undertake
a dedicated simulation of the HyperK detector, which we benchmark against
results from the similar Super-Kamiokande experiment and HyperK physics
projections. We provide projections for the annihilation cross-sections that
can be probed by HyperK for annihilation to muon or neutrino final states, and
discuss uncertainties associated with the dark matter halo profile. For
neutrino final states, we find that HyperK is sensitive to thermal annihilation
cross-sections for dark matter with mass around 20 MeV, assuming an NFW halo
profile. We also discuss the effects of neutron tagging, and prospects for
improving the reach at low mass.
- Sterile Neutrinos and the Global Reactor Antineutrino Dataset
2005.01756 [abs] [pdf]
[abstract]
by Jeffrey M. Berryman and Patrick Huber.
We present results from global fits to the available reactor antineutrino
dataset, as of Fall 2019, to determine the global preference for a fourth,
sterile neutrino. We have separately considered experiments that measure the
integrated inverse-beta decay (IBD) rate from those that measure the energy
spectrum of IBD events at one or more locations. The software used is the newly
developed GLoBESfit tool set which is based on the publicly available GLoBES
framework and will be released as open-source software.
- Physics results from the first COHERENT observation of CE$ν$NS in
argon and their combination with cesium-iodide data
2005.01645 [abs] [pdf]
[abstract]
by M. Cadeddu, [and 5 more]F. Dordei, C. Giunti, Y. F. Li, E. Picciau, and Y. Y. Zhang [hide authors].
We present the results on the radius of the neutron distribution in
$^{40}\text{Ar}$, on the low-energy value of the weak mixing angle, and on the
electromagnetic properties of neutrinos obtained from the analysis of the
coherent neutrino-nucleus elastic scattering data in argon recently published
by the COHERENT collaboration, taking into account proper radiative
corrections. We present also the results of the combined analysis of the
COHERENT argon and cesium-iodide data for the determination of the low-energy
value of the weak mixing angle and the electromagnetic properties of neutrinos.
In particular, the COHERENT argon data allow us to improve significantly the
only existing laboratory bounds on the electric charge $q_{\mu\mu}$ of the muon
neutrino and on the transition electric charge $q_{\mu\tau}$.
- Dirac neutrinos and $N_{\rm eff}$
2005.01629 [abs] [pdf]
[abstract]
by Xuheng Luo, Werner Rodejohann, and Xun-Jie Xu.
If neutrinos are Dirac particles the existence of light right-handed
neutrinos $\nu_{R}$ is implied. Those would contribute to the effective number
of relativistic neutrino species $N_{{\rm eff}}$ in the early Universe. With
pure standard model interactions, the contribution is negligibly small. In the
presence of new interactions, however, the contribution could be significantly
enhanced. We consider the most general effective four-fermion interactions for
neutrinos (scalar, pseudo-scalar, vector, axial-vector and tensor), and compute
the contribution of right-handed neutrinos to $N_{{\rm eff}}$. Taking the
Planck 2018 measurement of $N_{{\rm eff}}$, strong constraints on the effective
four-fermion coupling are obtained, corresponding to interaction strengths of
$10^{-5}\sim10^{-3}$ in units of the Fermi constant. This translates in new
physics scales of up to 43 TeV and higher. Future experiments such as CMB-S4
can probe or exclude the existence of effective 4-neutrino operators for Dirac
neutrinos. Ways to avoid this conclusion are discussed.
April 2020
- Scalar and tensor neutrino interactions
2004.13869 [abs] [pdf]
[abstract]
by Tao Han, [and 3 more]Jiajun Liao, Hongkai Liu, and Danny Marfatia [hide authors].
We constrain general Dirac neutrino interactions based on the Standard Model
Effective Field Theory framework extended with right-handed neutrinos $N$
(SMNEFT) using deep inelastic and coherent elastic neutrino scattering, nuclear
beta decay, and meson decay data, and high energy electron-proton and
proton-proton collider data. We compute the one-loop anomalous dimensions of
the low-energy effective field theory (LEFT) below the electroweak scale and of
SMNEFT above the electroweak scale. The tree-level matching between LEFT and
SMNEFT is performed at the electroweak scale. Currently, the most stringent
limits on scalar and tensor interactions arise from pseudoscalar meson decays
and the LHC measurements at the per mille level. In the future, the upcoming
High-Luminosity LHC (HL-LHC) has the potential to reach the $10^{-4}$ level and
LHeC can play an important role under certain theoretical assumptions.
- The Hubble tension and a renormalizable model of gauged neutrino
self-interactions
2004.13039 [abs] [pdf]
[abstract]
by Maximilian Berbig, Sudip Jana, and Andreas Trautner.
We present a simple extension of the Standard Model that leads to
renormalizable long-range vector-mediated neutrino self-interactions. This
model can resolve the Hubble tension by delaying the onset of neutrino
free-streaming during recombination, without conflicting with other
measurements. The extended gauge, scalar and neutrino sectors lead to
observable signatures, including invisible Higgs and $Z$ decays, thereby
relating the Hubble tension to precision measurements at the LHC and future
colliders. The model has a new neutrinophilic gauge boson with
$m_{Z'}\sim\mathcal{O}(10~\mathrm{eV})$ and charged Higgses at a few
$100~\mathrm{GeV}$. It requires hidden neutrinos with active-hidden mixing
angles larger than $5\times10^{-4}$ and masses in the range
$1\div300\mathrm{eV}$, which could also play a role for short baseline neutrino
oscillation anomalies.
- Lifting the core-collapse supernova bounds on keV-mass sterile neutrinos
2004.11389 [abs] [pdf]
[abstract]
by Anna M. Suliga, Irene Tamborra, and Meng-Ru Wu.
We explore the energy and entropy transport as well as the lepton number
variation induced from the mixing between electron and sterile neutrinos with
keV mass in the supernova core. We develop a radial- and time-dependent
treatment of the sterile-electron neutrino mixing, by including ordinary matter
effects, reconversions between sterile and electron antineutrinos, as well as
the collisional production of sterile particles for the first time. The
dynamical feedback due to the production of sterile particles on the
composition and thermodynamic properties of the core only leads to major
implications for the supernova physics for large mixing angles ($\sin^2 2
\theta > 10^{-10}$). Our findings suggest that a self-consistent appraisal of
the electron-sterile conversion physics in the supernova core would relax the
bounds on the sterile neutrino mixing parameters reported in the literature for
mixing angles smaller than $10^{-6}$, leaving the parameter space of the mass
and mixing angles of sterile neutrinos relevant to dark matter searches
unconstrained by supernovae.
- Search for magnetically-induced signatures in the arrival directions of
ultra-high-energy cosmic rays measured at the Pierre Auger Observatory
2004.10591 [abs] [pdf]
[abstract]
by The Pierre Auger Collaboration, [and 374 more]A. Aab, P. Abreu, M. Aglietta, J. M. Albury, I. Allekotte, A. Almela, J. Alvarez Castillo, J. Alvarez-Muñiz, R. Alves Batista, G. A. Anastasi, L. Anchordoqui, B. Andrada, S. Andringa, C. Aramo, P. R. Araújo Ferreira, H. Asorey, P. Assis, G. Avila, A. M. Badescu, A. Bakalova, A. Balaceanu, F. Barbato, R. J. Barreira Luz, K. H. Becker, J. A. Bellido, C. Berat, M. E. Bertaina, X. Bertou, P. L. Biermann, T. Bister, J. Biteau, A. Blanco, J. Blazek, C. Bleve, M. Boháčová, D. Boncioli, C. Bonifazi, L. Bonneau Arbeletche, N. Borodai, A. M. Botti, J. Brack, T. Bretz, F. L. Briechle, P. Buchholz, A. Bueno, S. Buitink, M. Buscemi, K. S. Caballero-Mora, L. Caccianiga, L. Calcagni, A. Cancio, F. Canfora, I. Caracas, J. M. Carceller, R. Caruso, A. Castellina, F. Catalani, G. Cataldi, L. Cazon, M. Cerda, J. A. Chinellato, K. Choi, J. Chudoba, L. Chytka, R. W. Clay, A. C. Cobos Cerutti, R. Colalillo, A. Coleman, M. R. Coluccia, R. Conceição, A. Condorelli, G. Consolati, F. Contreras, F. Convenga, C. E. Covault, S. Dasso, K. Daumiller, B. R. Dawson, J. A. Day, R. M. de Almeida, J. de Jesús, S. J. de Jong, G. De Mauro, J. R. T. de Mello Neto, I. De Mitri, J. de Oliveira, D. de Oliveira Franco, V. de Souza, J. Debatin, M. del Río, O. Deligny, N. Dhital, A. Di Matteo, M. L. Díaz Castro, C. Dobrigkeit, J. C. D'Olivo, Q. Dorosti, R. C. dos Anjos, M. T. Dova, J. Ebr, R. Engel, I. Epicoco, M. Erdmann, C. O. Escobar, A. Etchegoyen, H. Falcke, J. Farmer, G. Farrar, A. C. Fauth, N. Fazzini, F. Feldbusch, F. Fenu, B. Fick, J. M. Figueira, A. Filipčič, T. Fodran, M. M. Freire, T. Fujii, A. Fuster, C. Galea, C. Galelli, B. García, A. L. Garcia Vegas, H. Gemmeke, F. Gesualdi, A. Gherghel-Lascu, P. L. Ghia, U. Giaccari, M. Giammarchi, M. Giller, J. Glombitza, F. Gobbi, G. Golup, M. Gómez Berisso, P. F. Gómez Vitale, J. P. Gongora, N. González, I. Goos, D. Góra, A. Gorgi, M. Gottowik, T. D. Grubb, F. Guarino, G. P. Guedes, E. Guido, S. Hahn, R. Halliday, M. R. Hampel, P. Hansen, D. Harari, V. M. Harvey, A. Haungs, T. Hebbeker, D. Heck, G. C. Hill, C. Hojvat, J. R. Hörandel, P. Horvath, M. Hrabovský, T. Huege, J. Hulsman, A. Insolia, P. G. Isar, J. A. Johnsen, J. Jurysek, A. Kääpä, K. H. Kampert, B. Keilhauer, J. Kemp, H. O. Klages, M. Kleifges, J. Kleinfeller, M. Köpke, G. Kukec Mezek, B. L. Lago, D. LaHurd, R. G. Lang, M. A. Leigui de Oliveira, V. Lenok, A. Letessier-Selvon, I. Lhenry-Yvon, D. Lo Presti, L. Lopes, R. López, R. Lorek, Q. Luce, A. Lucero, A. Machado Payeras, M. Malacari, G. Mancarella, D. Mandat, B. C. Manning, J. Manshanden, P. Mantsch, S. Marafico, A. G. Mariazzi, I. C. Mariş, G. Marsella, D. Martello, H. Martinez, O. Martínez Bravo, M. Mastrodicasa, H. J. Mathes, J. Matthews, G. Matthiae, E. Mayotte, P. O. Mazur, G. Medina-Tanco, D. Melo, A. Menshikov, K. -D. Merenda, S. Michal, M. I. Micheletti, L. Miramonti, D. Mockler, S. Mollerach, F. Montanet, C. Morello, M. Mostafá, A. L. Müller, M. A. Muller, K. Mulrey, R. Mussa, M. Muzio, W. M. Namasaka, L. Nellen, M. Niculescu-Oglinzanu, M. Niechciol, D. Nitz, D. Nosek, V. Novotny, L. Nožka, A Nucita, L. A. Núñez, M. Palatka, J. Pallotta, M. P. Panetta, P. Papenbreer, G. Parente, A. Parra, M. Pech, F. Pedreira, J. Pękala, R. Pelayo, J. Peña-Rodriguez, J. Perez Armand, M. Perlin, L. Perrone, C. Peters, S. Petrera, T. Pierog, M. Pimenta, V. Pirronello, M. Platino, B. Pont, M. Pothast, P. Privitera, M. Prouza, A. Puyleart, S. Querchfeld, J. Rautenberg, D. Ravignani, M. Reininghaus, J. Ridky, F. Riehn, M. Risse, P. Ristori, V. Rizi, W. Rodrigues de Carvalho, J. Rodriguez Rojo, M. J. Roncoroni, M. Roth, E. Roulet, A. C. Rovero, P. Ruehl, S. J. Saffi, A. Saftoiu, F. Salamida, H. Salazar, G. Salina, J. D. Sanabria Gomez, F. Sánchez, E. M. Santos, E. Santos, F. Sarazin, R. Sarmento, C. Sarmiento-Cano, R. Sato, P. Savina, C. Schäfer, V. Scherini, H. Schieler, M. Schimassek, M. Schimp, F. Schlüter, D. Schmidt, O. Scholten, P. Schovánek, F. G. Schröder, S. Schröder, S. J. Sciutto, M. Scornavacche, R. C. Shellard, G. Sigl, G. Silli, O. Sima, R. Šmída, P. Sommers, J. F. Soriano, J. Souchard, R. Squartini, M. Stadelmaier, D. Stanca, S. Stanič, J. Stasielak, P. Stassi, A. Streich, M. Suárez-Durán, T. Sudholz, T. Suomijärvi, A. D. Supanitsky, J. Šupík, Z. Szadkowski, A. Taboada, A. Tapia, C. Timmermans, P. Tobiska, C. J. Todero Peixoto, B. Tomé, G. Torralba Elipe, A. Travaini, P. Travnicek, C. Trimarelli, M. Trini, M. Tueros, R. Ulrich, M. Unger, M. Urban, L. Vaclavek, M. Vacula, J. F. Valdés Galicia, I. Valiño, L. Valore, A. van Vliet, E. Varela, B. Vargas Cárdenas, A. Vásquez-Ramírez, D. Veberič, C. Ventura, I. D. Vergara Quispe, V. Verzi, J. Vicha, L. Villaseñor, J. Vink, S. Vorobiov, H. Wahlberg, A. A. Watson, M. Weber, A. Weindl, L. Wiencke, H. Wilczyński, T. Winchen, M. Wirtz, D. Wittkowski, B. Wundheiler, A. Yushkov, O. Zapparrata, E. Zas, D. Zavrtanik, M. Zavrtanik, L. Zehrer, A. Zepeda, M. Ziolkowski, and F. Zuccarello [hide authors].
We search for signals of magnetically-induced effects in the arrival
directions of ultra-high-energy cosmic rays detected at the Pierre Auger
Observatory. We apply two different methods. One is a search for sets of events
that show a correlation between their arrival direction and the inverse of
their energy, which would be expected if they come from the same point-like
source, they have the same electric charge and their deflection is relatively
small and coherent. We refer to these sets of events as "multiplets". The
second method, called "thrust", is a principal axis analysis aimed to detect
the elongated patterns in a region of interest. We study the sensitivity of
both methods using a benchmark simulation and we apply them to data in two
different searches. The first search is done assuming as source candidates a
list of nearby active galactic nuclei and starburst galaxies. The second is an
all-sky blind search. We report the results and we find no statistically
significant features. We discuss the compatibility of these results with the
indications on the mass composition inferred from data of the Pierre Auger
Observatory.
- Continuous and Discrete Symmetries of Renormalization Group Equations
for Neutrino Oscillations in Matter
2004.10570 [abs] [pdf]
[abstract]
by Shun Zhou.
Three-flavor neutrino oscillations in matter can be described by three
effective neutrino masses $\widetilde{m}^{}_i$ (for $i = 1, 2, 3$) and the
effective mixing matrix $V^{}_{\alpha i}$ (for $\alpha = e, \mu, \tau$ and $i =
1, 2, 3$). When the matter parameter $a \equiv 2\sqrt{2} G^{}_{\rm F} N^{}_e E$
is taken as an independent variable, a complete set of first-order ordinary
differential equations for $\widetilde{m}^2_i$ and $|V^{}_{\alpha i}|^2$ have
been derived in the previous works. In the present paper, we point out that
such a system of differential equations possesses both the continuous
symmetries characterized by one-parameter Lie groups and the discrete symmetry
associated with the permutations of three neutrino mass eigenstates. The
implications of these symmetries for solving the differential equations and
looking for differential invariants are discussed.
- Unified explanation of flavor anomalies, radiative neutrino mass and
ANITA anomalous events in a vector leptoquark model
2004.09464 [abs] [pdf]
[abstract]
by P. S. Bhupal Dev, [and 3 more]Rukmani Mohanta, Sudhanwa Patra, and Suchismita Sahoo [hide authors].
Driven by the recent experimental hints of lepton-flavor-universality
violation in the bottom-quark sector, we consider a simple extension of the
Standard Model (SM) with an additional vector leptoquark $V_{\rm LQ}({\bf
3},{\bf 1},2/3)$ and a scalar diquark $S_{\rm DQ}({\bf 6},{\bf 1},4/3)$ under
the SM gauge group $SU(3)_c\times SU(2)_L\times U(1)_Y$, in order to
simultaneously explain the $b \to s \ell^+ \ell^-$ (with $\ell=e,\mu$) and $b
\to c l^- \bar \nu_l$ (with $l=e,\mu,\tau$) flavor anomalies, as well as to
generate small neutrino masses through a two-loop radiative mechanism. We
perform a global fit to all the relevant and up-to-date $b \to s \ell^+ \ell^-$
and $b \to c l^- \bar \nu_l$ data under the assumption that the leptoquark
couples predominantly to second and third-generation SM fermions. We then look
over the implications of the allowed parameter space on lepton-flavor-violating
$B$ and $\tau$ decay modes, such as $B_s \to l^+_i l^-_j, \ B \to K^{(*)} l^+_i
l^-_j, \ B_s \to \phi l^+_i l^-_j$, $\Upsilon(nS) \to \mu \tau$ and $\tau \to
\mu \gamma$, $\tau \to \mu \phi (\eta^{(\prime)})$, respectively. Minimally
extending this model by adding a fermion singlet $\chi({\bf 1},{\bf 1},0)$ also
explains the ANITA anomalous upgoing events. Furthermore, we provide
complementary constraints on leptoquark and diquark couplings from high-energy
collider and other low-energy experiments to test this model.
- Measuring Changes in the Atmospheric Neutrino Rate Over Gigayear
Timescales
2004.08394 [abs] [pdf]
[abstract]
by Johnathon R. Jordan, [and 6 more]Sebastian Baum, Patrick Stengel, Alfredo Ferrari, Maria Cristina Morone, Paola Sala, and Joshua Spitz [hide authors].
Measuring the cosmic ray flux over timescales comparable to the age of the
solar system, $\sim 4.5\,$Gyr, could provide a new window on the history of the
Earth, the solar system, and even our galaxy. We present a technique to
indirectly measure the rate of cosmic rays as a function of time using the
imprints of atmospheric neutrinos in paleo-detectors, natural minerals which
record damage tracks from nuclear recoils. Minerals commonly found on Earth are
$\lesssim 1\,$Gyr old, providing the ability to look back across cosmic ray
history on timescales of the same order as the age of the solar system. Given a
collection of differently aged samples dated with reasonable accuracy, this
technique is particularly well-suited to measuring historical changes in the
cosmic ray flux at Earth and is broadly applicable in astrophysics and
geophysics.
- Statistical Significance of Reactor Antineutrino Active-Sterile
Oscillations
2004.07577 [abs] [pdf]
[abstract]
by C. Giunti.
We performed Monte Carlo calculations of the statistical distribution of the
$\chi^2$ test statistic used in the analysis of the data of the NEOS, DANSS,
Bugey-3, and PROSPECT short-baseline reactor experiments. We show that the
statistical significance of the NEOS and DANSS indications in favor of
active-sterile neutrino oscillations is smaller than that obtained with the
usual method based on the $\chi^2$ distribution. In the combined analysis of
the data of the four experiments we find that the statistical significance of
active-sterile neutrino oscillations is reduced from $2.4\sigma$ to
$1.8\sigma$.
- RES-NOVA: A new neutrino observatory based on archaeological lead
2004.06936 [abs] [pdf]
[abstract]
by Luca Pattavina, Nahuel Ferreiro Iachellini, and Irene Tamborra.
We propose the RES-NOVA project which will hunt neutrinos from core-collapse
supernovae (SN) via coherent elastic neutrino-nucleus scattering (CE$\nu$NS)
using an array of archaeological lead (Pb) based cryogenic detectors. The high
CE$\nu$NS cross-section on Pb and the ultra-high radiopurity of archaeological
Pb enable the operation of a high statistics experiment equally sensitive to
all neutrino flavors with reduced detector dimensions in comparison with
existing Neutrino Observatories, and easy scalability to larger detector
volumes. RES-NOVA is planned to operate according to three phases with
increasing detector volumes: (60 cm)$^3$, (140 cm)$^3$, and ultimately
15$\times$(140 cm)$^3$. It will be sensitive to SN bursts up to Andromeda with
5$\sigma$ sensitivity with already existing technologies and will have
excellent energy resolution with $1$ keV threshold. Within our Galaxy, it will
be possible to discriminate core-collapse SNe from black hole forming collapses
with no ambiguity even in the first phase of RES-NOVA. The average neutrino
energy of all flavors, the SN neutrino light curve, and the total energy
emitted in neutrinos can potentially be constrained with a precision of few
$\%$ in the final detector phase. RES-NOVA will be sensitive to flavor-blind
neutrinos from the diffuse SN neutrino background with an exposure of $620$ ton
$\cdot$ y. The proposed RES-NOVA project has the potential to lay down the
foundations for a new generation of neutrino telescopes, while relying on a
very simple technological setup
- New limits on neutrino decay from the Glashow resonance of high-energy
cosmic neutrinos
2004.06844 [abs] [pdf]
[abstract]
by Mauricio Bustamante.
Discovering neutrino decay would be strong evidence of physics beyond the
Standard Model. Presently, there are only lax lower limits on the lifetime
$\tau$ of neutrinos, of $\tau/m \sim 10^{-3}$ s eV$^{-1}$ or worse, where $m$
is the unknown neutrino mass. High-energy cosmic neutrinos, with TeV-PeV
energies, offer superior sensitivity to decay due to their cosmological-scale
baselines. To tap into it, we employ a promising method, recently proposed,
that uses the Glashow resonance $\bar{\nu}_e + e \to W$, triggered by
$\bar{\nu}_e$ of 6.3 PeV, to test decay with only a handful of detected events.
If most of the $\nu_1$ and $\nu_2$ decay into $\nu_3$ en route to Earth, no
Glashow resonance would occur in neutrino telescopes, because the remaining
$\nu_3$ have only a tiny electron-flavor content. We turn this around and use
the recent first detection of a Glashow resonance candidate in IceCube to place
new lower limits on the lifetimes of $\nu_1$ and $\nu_2$. For $\nu_2$, our
limit is the current best. For $\nu_1$, our limit is close to the current best
and, with the imminent detection of a second Glashow resonance, will vastly
surpass it.
- Revisiting Majorana Neutrino Textures in the Light of Dark LMA
2004.05622 [abs] [pdf]
[abstract]
by Happy Borgohain and Debasish Borah.
We study the possibility of texture zeros in Majorana light neutrino mass
matrix in the light of dark large mixing angle (DLMA) solution to solar
neutrino problem where solar mixing angle ($\sin^2{\theta_{12}}\simeq 0.7 $)
lies in the second octant instead of first octant in standard large mixing
angle (LMA) scenario ($\sin^2{\theta_{12}}\simeq 0.3 $). In three neutrino
scenario, we find that LMA and DLMA solutions lead to different set of allowed
and disallowed textures with one and two zeros. While being consistent with
existing bounds from neutrino oscillation data, neutrinoless double beta decay
and cosmology these allowed textures also lead to interesting correlations
among light neutrino parameters which can distinguish LMA from DLMA solution.
We also check the implications for texture zeros in $3+1$ neutrino scenario
using both LMA and DLMA solutions. While LMA and DLMA solutions do not play
decisive role in ruling out texture zeros in this case, they do give rise to
distinct predictions and correlations between light neutrino parameters.
- Neutrino Oscillations and Non-standard Interactions with KM3NeT-ORCA
2004.05004 [abs] [pdf]
[abstract]
by Nafis Rezwan Khan Chowdhury.
ORCA (Oscillations Research with Cosmics in the Abyss) is the low-energy node
of KM3NeT, the next generation underwater Cherenkov neutrino detector in the
Mediterranean sea. The primary goal of KM3NeT-ORCA is the determination of the
neutrino mass ordering (NMO). With an energy threshold of few GeV and an
effective mass of several Mtons, KM3NeT-ORCA can also make precision
measurements of atmospheric oscillation parameters. Moreover, its access to a
wide range of energies and baselines makes it optimal to discover exotic
physics beyond the Standard Model such as Non-Standard Interactions (NSI) of
neutrinos. The sensitivity of the detector to the neutrino mass ordering is
presented, along with its potential for determination of the atmospheric
oscillation parameters. It is observed that KM3NeT-ORCA will improve the
current upper limits on NSI parameters by an order of magnitude after three
years of data taking.
- Discovering leptonic forces using non-conserved currents
2004.04750 [abs] [pdf]
[abstract]
by Jeff A. Dror.
Differences in lepton number (i.e., $ L _e - L _\mu $, $ L _e - L _\tau $, $
L_\mu - L _\tau $, or combinations thereof) are not conserved charges in the
Standard Model due to the observation of neutrino oscillations. We compute the
divergence of the corresponding currents in the case of Majorana or Dirac-type
neutrinos and show that, in the high energy limit, the vector interactions map
onto those of a light scalar coupled to neutrinos with its coupling fixed by
the observed neutrino masses and mixing. This leads to amplitudes with external
light vectors that scale inversely with the vector mass. By studying these
processes, we set new constraints on $ L _i - L _j $ through a combination of
semi-leptonic meson decays, invisible neutrino decays, neutrinoless double beta
decays, and observations of Big Bang Nucleosynthesis/supernova, which can be
much stronger than previous limits for vector masses below an eV. These bounds
have important implications on the experimental prospects of detecting $ L _i -
L _j $ long-range forces.
- On the effect of NSI in the present determination of the mass ordering
2004.04745 [abs] [pdf]
[abstract]
by Ivan Esteban, M. C. Gonzalez-Garcia, and Michele Maltoni.
In a recent work by Capozzi et al (arXiv:1908.06992), it is observed that the
introduction of non-standard neutrino-matter interactions considerably relaxes
the preference of T2K and NO$\nu$A for normal over inverted mass ordering
observed in the standard three-neutrino scenario. Motivated by this, in this
note we update our previous global fit to investigate whether such result still
holds once the information of solar, atmospheric and reactor experiments is
taken into account. We find that the non-standard parameters responsible for
the improvement of the inverted ordering fit to T2K and NO$\nu$A data are not
compatible with the other oscillation experiments, and that the preference for
NO is restored.
- Cosmic-Ray Signatures of Dark Matter from a Flavor Dependent Gauge
Symmetry Model with Neutrino Mass Mechanism
2004.04304 [abs] [pdf]
[abstract]
by Holger Motz, [and 3 more]Hiroshi Okada, Yoichi Asaoka, and Kazunori Kohri [hide authors].
We propose an extension to the Standard Model accommodating two families of
Dirac neutral fermions and Majorana fermions under additional ${U(1)_{e-\mu}
\times Z_3\times Z_2}$ symmetries where ${U(1)_{e-\mu}}$ is a flavor dependent
gauge symmetry related to the first and second family of the lepton sector,
which features a two-loop induced neutrino mass model. The two families are
favored by minimally reproducing the current neutrino oscillation data and two
mass difference squares and canceling the gauge anomalies at the same time. As
a result, we have a prediction for neutrino masses. The lightest Dirac neutral
fermion is a dark matter candidate with tree-level interaction restricted to
electron, muon and neutrinos, which makes it difficult to detect in direct dark
matter search as well as indirect search focusing on the ${\tau}$-channel, such
as through ${\gamma}$-rays. It may however be probed by search for dark matter
signatures in electron and positron cosmic rays, and allows interpretation of a
structure appearing in the CALET electron+positron spectrum around 350-400 GeV
as its signature, with a boost factor $\approx$40 Breit-Wigner enhancement of
the annihilation cross section.
- Probing Cosmic-Ray Accelerated Light Dark Matter with IceCube
2004.03161 [abs] [pdf]
[abstract]
by Gang Guo, Yue-Lin Sming Tsai, and Meng-Ru Wu.
The direct detection of particle dark matter through its scattering with
nucleons is of fundamental importance to understand the nature of DM. In this
work, we propose that the high-energy neutrino detectors like IceCube can be
used to uniquely probe the DM-nucleon cross-section for high-energy DM of
$\sim$ PeV, up-scattered by the high-energy cosmic rays. We derive for the
first time strong constraints on the DM-nucleon cross-section down to $\sim
10^{-32}$ cm$^2$ at this energy scale for sub-GeV DM candidates. Such
independent probe at energy scale far exceeding other existing direct detection
experiments can therefore provide useful insights complementary to other
searches.
- On the contribution of the $^{40}$K geo-antineutrino to single Borexino
events
2004.02533 [abs] [pdf]
[abstract]
by L. B. Bezrukov, [and 6 more]I. S. Karpikov, A. S. Kurlovich, A. K. Mezhokh, S. V. Silaeva, V. V. Sinev, and V. P. Zavarzina [hide authors].
We propose to include in the analysis of Borexino single event energy
spectrum the scattering of $^{40}$K geo-antineutrinos by scintillator
electrons. The Hydridic Earth model predicts the concentration of potassium in
modern Earth from 1\% to 4\% of the Earth mass. We calculated contribution of
$^{40}$K geo-antineutrino interactions in single Borexino events for these
concentrations. This contribution is comparable to the contribution from the
interaction of CNO neutrinos. We discuss the reasons for using the Hydridic
Earth model.
- Presupernova neutrinos: directional sensitivity and prospects for
progenitor identification
2004.02045 [abs] [pdf]
[abstract]
by Mainak Mukhopadhyay, [and 3 more]Cecilia Lunardini, F. X. Timmes, and Kai Zuber [hide authors].
We explore the potential of current and future liquid scintillator neutrino
detectors of O (10) kt mass to localize a pre-supernova neutrino signal in the
sky. In the hours preceding the core collapse of a nearby star (at distance D <
1 kpc), tens to hundreds of inverse beta decay events will be recorded, and
their reconstructed topology in the detector can be used to estimate the
direction to the star. Although the directionality of inverse beta decay is
weak (~8% forward-backward asymmetry for currently available liquid
scintillators), we find that for a fiducial signal of 200 events (which is
realistic for Betelgeuse), a positional error of ~60 degrees can be achieved,
resulting in the possibility to narrow the list of potential stellar candidates
to less than ten, typically. For a configuration with improved forward-backward
asymmetry (~40%, as expected for a lithium-loaded liquid scintillator), the
angular sensitivity improves to ~15 degrees, and - when a distance upper limit
is obtained from the overall event rate - it is in principle possible to
uniquely identify the progenitor star. Any localization information
accompanying an early supernova alert will be useful to multi-messenger
observations and to particle physics tests using collapsing stars.
- Alternative to the application of PDG scale factors
2004.01219 [abs] [pdf]
[abstract]
by Jens Erler and Rodolfo Ferro-Hernandez.
The Particle Data Group recommends a set of procedures to be applied when
discrepant data are to be combined. We introduce an alternative method based on
a more general and solid statistical framework, providing a robust way to
include possible unknown systematic effects interfering with experimental
measurements or their theoretical interpretation. The limit of large data sets
and practical cases of interest are discussed in detail.
- Independent measurement of Muon neutrino and anti-neutrino oscillations
at the INO-ICAL Experiment
2004.01127 [abs] [pdf]
[abstract]
by Zubair Ahmad Dar, [and 3 more]Daljeet Kaur, Sanjeev Kumar, and Md. Naimuddin [hide authors].
The magnetised Iron Calorimeter detector at the India-based Neutrino
Observatory (INO) has a unique feature to identify the neutrinos and
antineutrinos on an event by event basis. This feature can be harnessed to
detect the differences between the oscillation parameters of neutrinos and
antineutrinos independently. In this paper, we analysed Charged Current
$\nu_{\mu}$ and $\overline{\nu}_{\mu}$ events under the influence of earth
matter effect using three neutrino flavor oscillation framework. If the
atmospheric mass-squared differences and mixing parameters for neutrinos are
different from antineutrinos, we present the prospects for the experimental
observation of these differences in atmospheric $\nu$ and $\overline \nu_{\mu}$
oscillations at INO. We estimate the detector sensitivity to confirm a non-zero
difference in the mass-squared splittings ($|\Delta
m^{2}_{32}|-|\Delta\overline{m^{2}}_{32}|$) for neutrinos and antineutrinos.
- Model-independent test for CPT violation using long-baseline and
atmospheric neutrino experiments
2004.00349 [abs] [pdf]
[abstract]
by Daljeet Kaur.
Charge-Parity-Time (CPT) symmetry governs that the oscillation parameters for
neutrinos and anti-neutrinos are to be identical. Different mass and mixing
parameters for these particles may give us a possible hint for CPT violation in
the neutrino sector. Using this approach, we discuss the ability of
long-baseline and atmospheric neutrino experiments to determine the difference
between mass squared splittings ($\Delta m^{2}_{32}-\Delta\bar{m}^{2}_{32}$)
and atmospheric mixing angles ($\sin^{2}\theta_{23}-\sin^{2}\bar{\theta}_{23}$)
of neutrinos and anti-neutrinos. We show the joint sensitivity of the T2K, NOvA
and INO experiments to such CPT violating observables in different possible
combinations of octant for neutrinos and anti-neutrinos.
March 2020
- Testing Lepton Flavor Models at ESSnuSB
2004.00017 [abs] [pdf]
[abstract]
by Mattias Blennow, [and 3 more]Monojit Ghosh, Tommy Ohlsson, and Arsenii Titov [hide authors].
We review and investigate lepton flavor models, stemming from discrete
non-Abelian flavor symmetries, described by one or two free model parameters.
First, we confront eleven one- and seven two-parameter models with current
results on leptonic mixing angles from global fits to neutrino oscillation
data. We find that five of the one- and five of the two-parameter models
survive the confrontation test at $3\sigma$. Second, we investigate how these
ten one- and two-parameter lepton flavor models may be discriminated at the
proposed ESSnuSB experiment in Sweden. We show that the three one-parameter
models that predict $\sin\delta_{\rm CP}=0$ can be distinguished from those two
that predict $|\sin\delta_{\rm CP}|=1$ by at least $7\sigma$. Finally, we find
that three of the five one-parameter models can be excluded by at least
$5\sigma$ and two of the one-parameter as well as at most two of the five
two-parameter models can be excluded by at least $3\sigma$ with ESSnuSB if the
true values of the leptonic mixing parameters remain close to the present
best-fit values.
- Effects of the Violation of the Equivalence Principle at DUNE
2003.13712 [abs] [pdf]
[abstract]
by F. N. Díaz, J. Hoefken, and A. M. Gago.
A number of different effects of the violation of the Equivalence Principle
(VEP), taken as sub-leading mechanism of neutrino flavor oscillation, are
examined within the framework of the DUNE experiment. We study the possibility
of obtaining a misleading neutrino oscillation parameter region caused by our
unawareness of VEP. Additionally, we evaluate the impact on the measurement of
CP violation and the distinction of neutrino mass hierarchy at DUNE. Besides,
limits on VEP for a wide variety of textures of the matrix that connects
neutrino gravity eigenstates to flavor eigenstates are imposed. An extra-task
of our study is to set limits on Hamiltonian added terms considering different
energy dependencies ($E^n$, with $n=0,1,2,3$) that can be associated to the
usual Lorentz violating terms defined in the Standard Model Extension
Hamiltonian. In order to understand our results, approximated analytical three
neutrino oscillation probability formulae are derived.
- Sensitivities of future solar neutrino observatories to NSI
2003.12984 [abs] [pdf]
[abstract]
by Pouya Bakhti and Meshkat Rajaee.
We study the matter effect caused by non-standard neutrino interactions (NSI)
in the future solar neutrino experiments, DUNE, HK and MICA. The upcoming
reactor experiment, JUNO is expected to provide the most precise measurements
of solar neutrino oscillation parameters and is going to open up the era of
sub-percent precision in the leptonic mixing sector of the Standard Model (SM).
Considering JUNO can measure $\Delta m ^2 _{21}$ and $\theta_{12}$ by
sub-percent precision and assuming SM as the null hypothesis, we study the
possibility to constrain NSI parameters by the future solar neutrino
experiments such as DUNE, HK and MICA. For this purpose, we study the effect of
NSI on solar neutrino propagation in the Sun and Earth and explore the
dependence of the day-night asymmetry on the NSI parameters. We also study the
effect of NSI at the water Cerenkov detector on the simulated data for these
experiments.
- The Effect of Dark Matter on Stars at the Galactic Center: The Paradox
of Youth Problem
2003.12451 [abs] [pdf]
[abstract]
by Ebrahim Hassani, Reza Pazhouhesh, and Hossein Ebadi.
Stars that evolve near the Galactic massive black hole show strange
behaviors. The spectroscopic features of these stars show that they must be
old. But their luminosities are much higher than the amounts that are predicted
by the current stellar evolutionary models, which means that they must be
active and young stars. In fact this group of stars shows signatures of old and
young stars, simultaneously. This is a paradox known as the "paradox of youth
problem" (PYP). Some people tried to solve the PYP without supposing dark
matter effects on stars. But, in this work, we implemented Weakly Interacting
Massive Particles (WIMPs) annihilation as a new source of energy inside such
stars. This implementation is logical for stars that evolve at high dark matter
density environments. The new source of energy causes stars to follow different
evolutionary paths on the H-R diagram in comparison with classical stellar
evolutionary models. Increasing dark matter density in stellar evolutionary
simulations causes the deviations from the standard H-R diagrams becomes more
pronounced. By investigating the effects of WIMPs density on stellar structures
and evolutions, we concluded that by considering dark matter effects on stars
at the Galactic center, it is possible to solve the PYP. In addition to dark
matter effect, complete solutions to PYP must consider all extreme and unique
physical conditions that are present near the Galactic massive black hole.
- Results on Total and Elastic Cross Sections in Proton-Proton Collisions
at $\sqrt{s} = 200$ GeV
2003.12136 [abs] [pdf]
[abstract]
by STAR Collaboration, [and 364 more]J. Adam, L. Adamczyk, J. R. Adams, J. K. Adkins, G. Agakishiev, M. M. Aggarwal, Z. Ahammed, I. Alekseev, D. M. Anderson, A. Aparin, E. C. Aschenauer, M. U. Ashraf, F. G. Atetalla, A. Attri, G. S. Averichev, V. Bairathi, K. Barish, A. Behera, R. Bellwied, A. Bhasin, J. Bielcik, J. Bielcikova, L. C. Bland, I. G. Bordyuzhin, J. D. Brandenburg, A. V. Brandin, S. Bueltmann, J. Butterworth, H. Caines, M. Calderón de la Barca Sánchez, D. Cebra, I. Chakaberia, P. Chaloupka, B. K. Chan, F-H. Chang, Z. Chang, N. Chankova-Bunzarova, A. Chatterjee, D. Chen, J. H. Chen, X. Chen, Z. Chen, J. Cheng, M. Cherney, M. Chevalier, S. Choudhury, W. Christie, X. Chu, H. J. Crawford, M. Csanád, M. Daugherity, T. G. Dedovich, I. M. Deppner, A. A. Derevschikov, L. Didenko, X. Dong, J. L. Drachenberg, J. C. Dunlop, T. Edmonds, N. Elsey, J. Engelage, G. Eppley, S. Esumi, O. Evdokimov, A. Ewigleben, O. Eyser, R. Fatemi, S. Fazio, P. Federic, J. Fedorisin, C. J. Feng, Y. Feng, P. Filip, E. Finch, Y. Fisyak, A. Francisco, L. Fulek, C. A. Gagliardi, T. Galatyuk, F. Geurts, A. Gibson, K. Gopal, D. Grosnick, W. Guryn, A. I. Hamad, A. Hamed, S. Harabasz, J. W. Harris, S. He, W. He, X. H. He, S. Heppelmann, S. Heppelmann, N. Herrmann, E. Hoffman, L. Holub, Y. Hong, S. Horvat, Y. Hu, H. Z. Huang, S. L. Huang, T. Huang, X. Huang, T. J. Humanic, P. Huo, G. Igo, D. Isenhower, W. W. Jacobs, C. Jena, A. Jentsch, Y. JI, J. Jia, K. Jiang, S. Jowzaee, X. Ju, E. G. Judd, S. Kabana, M. L. Kabir, S. Kagamaster, D. Kalinkin, K. Kang, D. Kapukchyan, K. Kauder, H. W. Ke, D. Keane, A. Kechechyan, M. Kelsey, Y. V. Khyzhniak, D. P. Kikoła, C. Kim, B. Kimelman, D. Kincses, T. A. Kinghorn, I. Kisel, A. Kiselev, M. Kocan, L. Kochenda, L. K. Kosarzewski, L. Kramarik, P. Kravtsov, K. Krueger, N. Kulathunga Mudiyanselage, L. Kumar, S. Kumar, R. Kunnawalkam Elayavalli, J. H. Kwasizur, R. Lacey, S. Lan, J. M. Landgraf, J. Lauret, A. Lebedev, R. Lednicky, J. H. Lee, Y. H. Leung, C. Li, W. Li, W. Li, X. Li, Y. Li, Y. Liang, R. Licenik, T. Lin, Y. Lin, M. A. Lisa, F. Liu, H. Liu, P. Liu, P. Liu, T. Liu, X. Liu, Y. Liu, Z. Liu, T. Ljubicic, W. J. Llope, R. S. Longacre, N. S. Lukow, S. Luo, X. Luo, G. L. Ma, L. Ma, R. Ma, Y. G. Ma, N. Magdy, R. Majka, D. Mallick, S. Margetis, C. Markert, H. S. Matis, J. A. Mazer, N. G. Minaev, S. Mioduszewski, B. Mohanty, I. Mooney, Z. Moravcova, D. A. Morozov, M. Nagy, J. D. Nam, Md. Nasim, K. Nayak, D. Neff, J. M. Nelson, D. B. Nemes, M. Nie, G. Nigmatkulov, T. Niida, L. V. Nogach, T. Nonaka, A. S. Nunes, G. Odyniec, A. Ogawa, S. Oh, V. A. Okorokov, B. S. Page, R. Pak, A. Pandav, Y. Panebratsev, B. Pawlik, D. Pawlowska, H. Pei, C. Perkins, L. Pinsky, R. L. Pintér, J. Pluta, J. Porter, M. Posik, N. K. Pruthi, M. Przybycien, J. Putschke, H. Qiu, A. Quintero, S. K. Radhakrishnan, S. Ramachandran, R. L. Ray, R. Reed, H. G. Ritter, O. V. Rogachevskiy, J. L. Romero, L. Ruan, J. Rusnak, N. R. Sahoo, H. Sako, S. Salur, J. Sandweiss, S. Sato, W. B. Schmidke, N. Schmitz, B. R. Schweid, F. Seck, J. Seger, M. Sergeeva, R. Seto, P. Seyboth, N. Shah, E. Shahaliev, P. V. Shanmuganathan, M. Shao, A. I. Sheikh, F. Shen, W. Q. Shen, S. S. Shi, Q. Y. Shou, E. P. Sichtermann, R. Sikora, M. Simko, J. Singh, S. Singha, N. Smirnov, W. Solyst, P. Sorensen, H. M. Spinka, B. Srivastava, T. D. S. Stanislaus, M. Stefaniak, D. J. Stewart, M. Strikhanov, B. Stringfellow, A. A. P. Suaide, M. Sumbera, B. Summa, X. M. Sun, X. Sun, Y. Sun, Y. Sun, B. Surrow, D. N. Svirida, P. Szymanski, A. H. Tang, Z. Tang, A. Taranenko, T. Tarnowsky, J. H. Thomas, A. R. Timmins, D. Tlusty, M. Tokarev, C. A. Tomkiel, S. Trentalange, R. E. Tribble, P. Tribedy, S. K. Tripathy, O. D. Tsai, Z. Tu, T. Ullrich, D. G. Underwood, I. Upsal, G. Van Buren, J. Vanek, A. N. Vasiliev, I. Vassiliev, F. Videbæk, S. Vokal, S. A. Voloshin, F. Wang, G. Wang, J. S. Wang, P. Wang, Y. Wang, Y. Wang, Z. Wang, J. C. Webb, P. C. Weidenkaff, L. Wen, G. D. Westfall, H. Wieman, S. W. Wissink, R. Witt, Y. Wu, Z. G. Xiao, G. Xie, W. Xie, H. Xu, N. Xu, Q. H. Xu, Y. F. Xu, Y. Xu, Z. Xu, Z. Xu, C. Yang, Q. Yang, S. Yang, Y. Yang, Z. Yang, Z. Ye, Z. Ye, L. Yi, K. Yip, H. Zbroszczyk, W. Zha, C. Zhang, D. Zhang, S. Zhang, S. Zhang, X. P. Zhang, Y. Zhang, Y. Zhang, Z. J. Zhang, Z. Zhang, Z. Zhang, J. Zhao, C. Zhong, C. Zhou, X. Zhu, Z. Zhu, M. Zurek, and M. Zyzak [hide authors].
We report results on the total and elastic cross sections in proton-proton
collisions at $\sqrt{s}=200$ GeV obtained with the Roman Pot setup of the STAR
experiment at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC). The elastic
differential cross section was measured in the squared four-momentum transfer
range $0.045 \leq -t \leq 0.135$ GeV$^2$. The value of the exponential slope
parameter $B$ of the elastic differential cross section $d\sigma/dt \sim
e^{-Bt}$ in the measured $-t$ range was found to be $B = 14.32 \pm 0.09
(stat.)^{\scriptstyle +0.13}_{\scriptstyle -0.28} (syst.)$ GeV$^{-2}$. The
total cross section $\sigma_{tot}$, obtained from extrapolation of the
$d\sigma/dt$ to the optical point at $-t = 0$, is $\sigma_{tot} = 54.67 \pm
0.21 (stat.) ^{\scriptstyle +1.28}_{\scriptstyle -1.38} (syst.)$ mb. We also
present the values of the elastic cross section $\sigma_{el} = 10.85 \pm 0.03
(stat.) ^{\scriptstyle +0.49}_{\scriptstyle -0.41}(syst.)$ mb, the elastic
cross section integrated within the STAR $t$-range $\sigma^{det}_{el} = 4.05
\pm 0.01 (stat.) ^{\scriptstyle+0.18}_{\scriptstyle -0.17}(syst.)$ mb, and the
inelastic cross section $\sigma_{inel} = 43.82 \pm 0.21 (stat.) ^{\scriptstyle
+1.37}_{\scriptstyle -1.44} (syst.)$ mb. The results are compared with the
world data.
- Implications of the first detection of coherent elastic neutrino-nucleus
scattering (CEvNS) with Liquid Argon
2003.12050 [abs] [pdf]
[abstract]
by O. G. Miranda, [and 5 more]D. K. Papoulias, G. Sanchez Garcia, O. Sanders, M. Tórtola, and J. W. F. Valle [hide authors].
The CENNS-10 experiment of the COHERENT collaboration has recently reported
the first detection of coherent-elastic neutrino-nucleus scattering (CEvNS) in
liquid Argon with more than $3 \sigma$ significance. In this work, we exploit
the new data in order to probe various interesting parameters which are of key
importance to CEvNS within and beyond the Standard Model. A dedicated
statistical analysis of these data shows that the current constraints are
significantly improved in most cases. We derive a first measurement of the
neutron rms charge radius of Argon, and also an improved determination of the
weak mixing angle in the low energy regime. We also update the constraints on
neutrino non-standard interactions, electromagnetic properties and light
mediators with respect to those derived from the first COHERENT-CsI data.
- Coherent Elastic Neutrino-Nucleus Scattering with directional detectors
2003.11510 [abs] [pdf]
[abstract]
by M. Abdullah, [and 3 more]D. Aristizabal Sierra, Bhaskar Dutta, and Louis E. Strigari [hide authors].
We study the sensitivity of detectors with directional sensitivity to
coherent elastic neutrino-nucleus scattering (CE$\nu$NS), and how these
detectors complement measurements of the nuclear recoil energy. We consider
stopped pion and reactor neutrino sources, and use gaseous helium and fluorine
as examples of detector material. We generate Standard Model predictions, and
compare to scenarios that include new, light vector or scalar mediators. We
show that directional detectors can provide valuable additional information in
discerning new physics, and we identify prominent spectral features in both the
angular and the recoil energy spectrum for light mediators, even for nuclear
recoil energy thresholds as high as $\sim 50$ keV. Combined with energy and
timing information, directional information can play an important role in
extracting new physics from CE$\nu$NS experiments.
- Joint lattice QCD - dispersion theory analysis confirms the quark-mixing
top-row unitarity deficit
2003.11264 [abs] [pdf]
[abstract]
by Chien-Yeah Seng, [and 3 more]Xu Feng, Mikhail Gorchtein, and Lu-Chang Jin [hide authors].
Recently, the first ever lattice computation of the $\gamma W$-box radiative
correction to the rate of the semileptonic pion decay allowed for a reduction
of the theory uncertainty of that rate by a factor of $\sim3$. A recent
dispersion evaluation of the $\gamma W$-box correction on the neutron also led
to a significant reduction of the theory uncertainty, but shifted the value of
$V_{ud}$ extracted from the neutron and superallowed nuclear $\beta$ decay,
resulting in a deficit of the CKM unitarity in the top row. A direct lattice
computation of the $\gamma W$-box correction for the neutron decay would
provide an independent cross-check for this result but is very challenging.
Before those challenges are overcome, we propose a hybrid analysis, converting
the lattice calculation on the pion to that on the neutron by a combination of
dispersion theory and phenomenological input. The new prediction for the
universal radiative correction to free and bound neutron $\beta$-decay reads
$\Delta_R^V=0.02477(24)$, in excellent agreement with the dispersion theory
result $\Delta_R^V=0.02467(22)$. Combining with other relevant information, the
top-row CKM unitarity deficit persists.
- First Measurement of Coherent Elastic Neutrino-Nucleus Scattering on
Argon
2003.10630 [abs] [pdf]
[abstract]
by COHERENT Collaboration, [and 82 more]D. Akimov, J. B. Albert, P. An, C. Awe, P. S. Barbeau, B. Becker, V. Belov, M. A. Blackston, L. Blokland, A. Bolozdynya, B. Cabrera-Palmer, N. Chen, D. Chernyak, E. Conley, R. L. Cooper, J. Daughhetee, M. del Valle Coello, J. A. Detwiler, M. R. Durand, Y. Efremenko, S. R. Elliott, L. Fabris, M. Febbraro, W. Fox, A. Galindo-Uribarri, M. P. Green, K. S. Hansen, M. R. Heath, S. Hedges, M. Hughes, T. Johnson, M. Kaemingk, L. J. Kaufman, A. Khromov, A. Konovalov, E. Kozlova, A. Kumpan, L. Li, J. T. Librande, J. M. Link, J. Liu, K. Mann, D. M. Markoff, O. McGoldrick, H. Moreno, P. E. Mueller, J. Newby, D. S. Parno, S. Penttila, D. Pershey, D. Radford, R. Rapp, H. Ray, J. Raybern, O. Razuvaeva, D. Reyna, G. C. Rich, D. Rudik, J. Runge, D. J. Salvat, K. Scholberg, A. Shakirov, G. Simakov, G. Sinev, W. M. Snow, V. Sosnovtsev, B. Suh, R. Tayloe, K. Tellez-Giron-Flores, R. T. Thornton, I. Tolstukhin, J. Vanderwerp, R. L. Varner, C. J. Virtue, G. Visser, C. Wiseman, T. Wongjirad, J. Yang, Y. -R. Yen, J. Yoo, C. -H. Yu, and J. Zettlemoyer [hide authors].
We report the first measurement of coherent elastic neutrino-nucleus
scattering (\cevns) on argon using a liquid argon detector at the Oak Ridge
National Laboratory Spallation Neutron Source. Two independent analyses prefer
\cevns over the background-only null hypothesis with greater than $3\sigma$
significance. The measured cross section, averaged over the incident neutrino
flux, is (2.2 $\pm$ 0.7) $\times$10$^{-39}$ cm$^2$ -- consistent with the
standard model prediction. The neutron-number dependence of this result,
together with that from our previous measurement on CsI, confirms the existence
of the \cevns process and provides improved constraints on non-standard
neutrino interactions.
- Neutrino Invisible Decay at DUNE: a multi-channel analysis
2003.09012 [abs] [pdf]
[abstract]
by Anish Ghoshal, Alessio Giarnetti, and Davide Meloni.
The hypothesis of the decay of neutrino mass eigenstates leads to a
substantial modification of the appearance and disappearance probabilities of
flavor eigenstates. We investigate the impact on the standard oscillation
scenario caused by the decay of the heaviest mass eigenstate $\nu_3$ (with a
mass $m_3$ and a mean life $\tau_3$) to a sterile state in DUNE. We find that
the lower bound of $5.1 \times 10^{-11}~s/eV$ at 90\% CL on the decay parameter
$\tau_3/m_3$ can be set if the Neutral Current data are included in the
analysis, thus providing the best long-baseline expected limit so far. We also
show that the $\nu_\tau$ appearance channel would give only a negligible
contribution to the decay parameter constraints. Our numerical results are
corroborated by analytical formulae for the appearance and disappearance
probabilities in vacuum (which is a useful approximation for the study of the
invisible decay model) that we have developed up to the second order in the
solar mass splitting and to all orders in the decay factor $t/\tau_3$.
- Addendum to: Global constraints on absolute neutrino masses and their
ordering
2003.08511 [abs] [pdf]
[abstract]
by Francesco Capozzi, [and 5 more]Eleonora Di Valentino, Eligio Lisi, Antonio Marrone, Alessandro Melchiorri, and Antonio Palazzo [hide authors].
We revisit our previous work [Phys. Rev. D 95, 096014 (2017)] where neutrino
oscillation and nonoscillation data were analyzed in the standard framework
with three neutrino families, in order to constrain their absolute masses and
to probe their ordering (either normal, NO, or inverted, IO). We include
updated oscillation results to discuss best fits and allowed ranges for the two
squared mass differences $\delta m^2$ and $\Delta m^2$, the three mixing angles
$\theta_{12}$, $\theta_{23}$ and $\theta_{13}$, as well as constraints on the
CP-violating phase $\delta$, plus significant indications in favor of NO vs IO
at the level of $\Delta\chi^2=10.0$. We then consider nonoscillation data from
beta decay, from neutrinoless double beta decay (if neutrinos are Majorana),
and from various cosmological input variants (in the data or the model) leading
to results dubbed as default, aggressive, and conservative. In the default
option, we obtain from nonoscillation data an extra contribution $\Delta\chi^2
= 2.2$ in favor of NO, and an upper bound on the sum of neutrino masses $\Sigma
< 0.15$ eV at $2\sigma$; both results - dominated by cosmology - can be
strengthened or weakened by using more aggressive or conservative options,
respectively. Taking into account such variations, we find that the combination
of all (oscillation and nonoscillation) neutrino data favors NO at the level of
$3.2-3.7\sigma$, and that $\Sigma$ is constrained at the $2\sigma$ level within
$\Sigma < 0.12-0.69$ eV. The upper edge of this allowed range corresponds to an
effective $\beta$-decay neutrino mass $m_\beta = \Sigma/3 = 0.23$ eV, at the
sensitivity frontier of the KATRIN experiment.
- Gravitational Interactions and Neutrino Masses
2003.04908 [abs] [pdf]
[abstract]
by Hooman Davoudiasl.
We describe a scenario where the smallness of neutrino masses is related to a
global symmetry that is only violated by quantum gravitational effects. The
coupling of neutrinos to gauge singlet right-handed fermions is attributed to
symmetry preserving gravitational operators suppressed by the Planck mass, in
this framework. The proposed scenario leads to axion particles that decay into
neutrinos, which could be probed through cosmological measurements and may help
explain the Hubble parameter tension. Depending on the details of the
implementation, the scenario could provide axion dark matter candidates.
- A Return To Neutrino Normalcy
2003.04319 [abs] [pdf]
[abstract]
by Peter B. Denton.
Understanding the structure of the fermion mixing matrices is an important
question in particle physics. The quark mixing matrix is approximately diagonal
while the lepton mixing matrix has large off-diagonal elements. Attempting to
understand these structures has been the focus of an large body of literature
over the last several decades. In this article we propose a new set of
conditions to test the structure of mass matrices called normalcy based on how
close to diagonal the mixing matrix is. The mass ordering and the octant of
$\theta_{23}$ represent two of these conditions. We point out that the quark
matrix easily satisfies all six normalcy conditions while none of them are
known to be fully satisfied for leptons at high significance. All of the
conditions that can be tested for leptons suggest that the matrix could satisfy
the normalcy conditions and upcoming experiments such as DUNE and T2HK will
most likely determine if the lepton mass matrix satisfies all of them or not.
- Nuclear shadowing in DIS at electron-ion colliders
2003.04156 [abs] [pdf]
[abstract]
by Michal Krelina and Jan Nemchik.
We present a revision of predictions for nuclear shadowing in deep-inelastic
scattering at small Bjorken $x_{Bj}$ corresponding to kinematic regions
accessible by the future experiments at electron-ion colliders. The nuclear
shadowing is treated within the color dipole formalism based on the rigorous
Green function technique. This allows incorporating naturally color
transparency and coherence length effects, which are not consistently and
properly included in present calculations. For the lowest $|q\bar q\rangle$
Fock component of the photon, our calculations are based on an exact numerical
solution of the evolution equation for the Green function. Here the magnitude
of shadowing is tested using a realistic form for the nuclear density function,
as well as various phenomenological models for the dipole cross section. The
corresponding variation of the transverse size of the $q\bar q$ photon
fluctuations is important for $x_{Bj}\gtrsim 10^{-4}$, on the contrary with the
most of other models, which use frequently only the eikonal approximation with
the "frozen" transverse size. At $x_{Bj}\lesssim 0.01$ we calculate within the
same formalism also a shadowing correction for the higher Fock component of the
photon containing gluons. The corresponding magnitudes of gluon shadowing
correction are compared adopting different phenomenological dipole models. Our
results are tested by available data from the E665 and NMC collaborations.
Finally, the magnitude of nuclear shadowing is predicted for various kinematic
regions that should be scanned by the future experiments at electron-ion
colliders.
- Muon deficit in air shower simulations estimated from AGASA muon
measurements
2003.03385 [abs] [pdf]
[abstract]
by Flavia Gesualdi, Alberto Daniel Supanitsky, and Alberto Etchegoyen.
In this work, direct measurements of the muon density at $1000\,\textrm{m}$
from the shower axis obtained by the Akeno Giant Air Shower Array (AGASA) are
analysed. The selected events have zenith angles $\theta \leq 36^{\textrm{o}}$
and reconstructed energies in the range
$18.83\,\leq\,\log_{10}(E_{R}/\textrm{eV})\,\leq\,19.46$. These are compared to
the predictions corresponding to proton, iron, and mixed composition scenarios
obtained by using the high-energy hadronic interaction models EPOS-LHC,
QGSJetII-04, and Sibyll2.3c. The mass fractions of the mixed composition
scenarios are taken from the fits to the depth of the shower maximum
distributions performed by the Pierre Auger Collaboration. The cross-calibrated
energy scale from the Spectrum Working Group [D. Ivanov, for the Pierre Auger
Collaboration and the Telescope Array Collaboration, PoS(ICRC2017) 498 (2017)]
is used to combine results from different experiments. The analysis shows that
the AGASA data are compatible with a heavier composition with respect to the
one predicted by the mixed composition scenarios. Interpreting this as a muon
deficit in air shower simulations, the incompatibility is quantified. The muon
density obtained from AGASA data is greater than that of the mixed composition
scenarios by a factor of
$1.49\pm0.11\,\textrm{(stat)}\pm0.18\,\textrm{(syst)}$,
$1.54\pm0.12\,\textrm{(stat)}\pm0.18\,\textrm{(syst)}$, and
$1.66\pm0.13\,\textrm{(stat)}\pm0.20\,\textrm{(syst)}$ for EPOS-LHC,
Sibyll2.3c, and QGSJetII-04, respectively.
February 2020
- Non-standard neutrino interactions in $U(1)'$ model after COHERENT data
2002.12342 [abs] [pdf]
[abstract]
by L. J. Flores, Newton Nath, and E. Peinado.
We explore the potential to prove light extra gauge $Z^\prime$ boson inducing
non-standard neutrino interactions (NSIs) in the coherent-elastic
neutrino-nucleus scattering (CE$ \nu $NS) experiments. We intend to examine how
the latest COHERENT-CsI and CENNS-10 data can constrain this model. A detailed
investigation for the upcoming Ge, LAr-1t, and NaI detectors of COHERENT
collaboration has also been made. Depending on numerous other constraints
coming from oscillation experiments, muon $ (g-2) $, beam-dump experiments,
LHCb, and reactor experiment CONUS, we explore the parameter space in
$Z^\prime$ boson mass vs coupling constant plane. Moreover, we study the
predictions of two-zero textures that are allowed in the concerned model in
light of the latest global-fit data.
- Extraterrestrial artificial particle sources. Application to neutrino
physics and cosmic rays studies
2002.12190 [abs] [pdf]
[abstract]
by Nikolai Zaitsev.
The memo is exploring possibilities to set up extraterrestrial experimental
facilities to study particles physics. The Moon is considered as the most
promising location for artificial particle sources outside the Earth. This
natural satellite is surrounded with deep vacuum, is at low cryogenic
temperatures and is always facing the Earth with one side. These features can
be exploited by setting up lunar neutrino factory, which may create a
possibility for more precise measurements of oscillations and possibly mass of
neutrinos. Various types of facilities are discussed with focus on lunar linear
accelerators and nuclear reactors. The other types such as lunar colliders or
even orbiting sources are briefly mentioned too. Lunar particle accelerators
pointing to Earth can also be used to calibrate atmospheric shower models,
which are the key part of cosmic rays research.
- Constraining visible neutrino decay at KamLAND and JUNO
2002.12134 [abs] [pdf]
[abstract]
by Yago P. Porto-Silva, [and 4 more]Suprabh Prakash, O. L. G. Peres, Hiroshi Nunokawa, and Hisakazu Minakata [hide authors].
We study visible neutrino decay at the reactor neutrino experiments KamLAND
and, JUNO. Assuming the Majoron model of neutrino decay, we obtain constraints
on the couplings between Majoron and neutrino as well as on the lifetime/mass
of the most massive neutrino state i.e., $\tau_{3} / m_{3}$ or $\tau_{2} /
m_{2}$, respectively, for the normal or the inverted mass orderings. We obtain
the constraints on the lifetime $\tau_{2} / m_{2} \geq 1.4 \times
10^{-9}~\rm{s/eV}$ in the inverted mass ordering for both KamLAND and JUNO at
90% CL. In the normal ordering in which the bound can be obtained for JUNO
only, the constraint is milder than the inverted ordering case, $\tau_{3} /
m_{3} \geq 1.0 \times 10^{-10}~\rm{s/eV}$ at 90% CL. We find that the
dependence of lightest neutrino mass ($=m_{\rm{lightest}}$), $m_1 (m_3)$ for
the normal (inverted) mass ordering, on the constraints for the different types
of couplings (scalar or pseudo-scalar) is rather strong, but the
$m_{\rm{lightest}}$ dependence on the lifetime/mass bound is only modest.
- Oscillation of high-energy neutrinos from choked jets in stellar and
merger ejecta
2002.10575 [abs] [pdf]
[abstract]
by Jose Carpio and Kohta Murase.
We present a comprehensive study on oscillation of high-energy neutrinos from
two different environments: blue supergiant progenitors that may harbor
low-power gamma-ray burst (GRB) jets and neutron star merger ejecta that would
be associated with short gamma-ray bursts. We incorporate the radiation
constraint that gives a necessary condition for nonthermal neutrino production,
and account for the time evolution of the jet, which allows us to treat
neutrino oscillation in matter more accurately. For massive star progenitors,
neutrino injection inside the star can lead to nonadiabatic oscillation
patterns in the 1 TeV - 10 TeV and is also visible in the flavor ratio. For
neutron star merger ejecta, we find a similar behavior in the 100 GeV - 10 TeV
region and the oscillation may result in a $\nu_e$ excess around 1 TeV. These
features, which enable us to probe the progenitors of long and short GRBs,
could be seen by future neutrino detectors with precise flavor ratio
measurements. We also discuss potential contributions to the diffuse neutrino
flux measured by IceCube, and find parameter sets allowing choked low-power GRB
jets to account for the neutrino flux in the 10 TeV - 100 TeV range without
violating the existing constraints.
- Determining the Neutrino Lifetime from Cosmology
2002.08401 [abs] [pdf]
[abstract]
by Zackaria Chacko, [and 4 more]Abhish Dev, Peizhi Du, Vivian Poulin, and Yuhsin Tsai [hide authors].
We explore the cosmological signals of theories in which the neutrinos decay
into invisible dark radiation after becoming non-relativistic. We show that in
this scenario, near-future large scale structure measurements from the Euclid
satellite, when combined with cosmic microwave background data from Planck, may
allow an independent determination of both the lifetime of the neutrinos and
the sum of their masses. These parameters can be independently determined
because the Euclid data will cover a range of redshifts, allowing the growth of
structure over time to be tracked. If neutrinos are stable on cosmological
timescales, these observations can improve the lower limit on the neutrino
lifetime by seven orders of magnitude, from $\mathcal{O}(10)$ years to $2\times
10^8$ years ($95\%$ C.L.), without significantly affecting the measurement of
neutrino mass. On the other hand, if neutrinos decay after becoming
non-relativistic but on timescales less than $\mathcal{O}(100)$ million years,
these observations may allow, not just the first measurement of the sum of
neutrino masses, but also the determination of the neutrino lifetime from
cosmology.
- Far-forward neutrinos at the Large Hadron Collider
2002.03012 [abs] [pdf]
[abstract]
by Weidong Bai, [and 4 more]Milind Diwan, Maria Vittoria Garzelli, Yu Seon Jeong, and Mary Hall Reno [hide authors].
We present a new calculation of the energy distribution of high-energy
neutrinos from the decay of charm and bottom hadrons produced at the Large
Hadron Collider (LHC). In the kinematical region of very forward rapidities,
heavy-flavor production and decay is a source of tau neutrinos that leads to
thousands of { charged-current} tau neutrino events in a 1 m long, 1 m radius
lead neutrino detector at a distance of 480 m from the interaction region. In
our computation, next-to-leading order QCD radiative corrections are accounted
for in the production cross-sections. Non-perturbative intrinsic-$k_T$ effects
are approximated by a simple phenomenological model introducing a Gaussian
$k_T$-smearing of the parton distribution functions, which might also mimic
perturbative effects due to multiple initial-state soft-gluon emissions. The
transition from partonic to hadronic states is described by phenomenological
fragmentation functions. To study the effect of various input parameters,
theoretical predictions for $D_s^\pm$ production are compared with LHCb data on
double-differential cross-sections in transverse momentum and rapidity. The
uncertainties related to the choice of the input parameter values, ultimately
affecting the predictions of the tau neutrino event distributions, are
discussed. We consider a 3+1 neutrino mixing scenario to illustrate the
potential for a neutrino experiment to constrain the 3+1 parameter space using
tau neutrinos and antineutrinos. We find large theoretical uncertainties in the
predictions of the neutrino fluxes in the far-forward region. Untangling the
effects of tau neutrino oscillations into sterile neutrinos and distinguishing
a 3+1 scenario from the standard scenario with three active neutrino flavours,
will be challenging due to the large theoretical uncertainties from QCD.
- Neutrino quantum decoherence engendered by neutrino radiative decay
2002.02621 [abs] [pdf]
[abstract]
by Konstantin Stankevich and Alexander Studenikin.
A new theoretical framework, based on the quantum field theory of open
systems applied to neutrinos, has been developed to describe the neutrino
evolution in external environments accounting for the effect of the neutrino
quantum decoherence. The developed new approach enables one to obtain the
explicit expressions of the decoherence and relaxation parameters that account
for a particular process, in which the neutrino participates, and also for the
characteristics of an external environment and of the neutrino itself,
including the neutrino energy. We have used this approach to consider a new
mechanism of the neutrino quantum decoherence engendered by the neutrino
radiative decay to photons and dark photons in an astrophysical environment.
The importance of the performed studies is highlighted by the prospects of the
forthcoming new large volume neutrino detectors that will provide new frontier
in high-statistics measurements of neutrino fluxes from supernovae.
- Neutrino Oscillations at low energy long baseline experiments in the
presence of nonstandard interactions and parameter degeneracy
2002.01616 [abs] [pdf]
[abstract]
by Osamu Yasuda.
We discuss the analytical expression of the oscillation probabilities at low
energy long baseline experiments, such as T2HK and T2HKK in the presence of
nonstandard interactions (NSIs). We show that these experiments are
advantageous to explore the NSI parameters ($\epsilon_D$, $\epsilon_N$), which
were suggested to be nonvanishing to account for the discrepancy between the
solar neutrino and KamLAND data. We also show that, when the NSI parameters are
small, parameter degeneracy in the CP phase $\delta$, $\epsilon_D$ and
$\epsilon_N$ can be resolved by combining data of the T2HK and T2HKK
experiments.
- Signature of neutrino mass hierarchy in gravitational lensing
2002.00977 [abs] [pdf]
[abstract]
by Himanshu Swami, Kinjalk Lochan, and Ketan M. Patel.
In flat spacetime, the vacuum neutrino flavour oscillations are known to be
sensitive only to the difference between the squared masses, and not to the
individual masses, of neutrinos. In this work, we show that the lensing of
neutrinos induced by a gravitational source substantially modifies this
standard picture and it gives rise to a novel contribution through which the
oscillation probabilities also depend on the individual neutrino masses. A
gravitating mass located between a source and a detector deflects the neutrinos
in their journey, and at a detection point, neutrinos arriving through
different paths can lead to the phenomenon of interference. The flavour
transition probabilities computed in the presence of such interference depend
on the individual masses of neutrinos whenever there is a non-zero path
difference between the interfering neutrinos. We demonstrate this explicitly by
considering an example of weak lensing induced by a Schwarzschild mass. Through
the simplest two flavour case, we show that the oscillation probability in the
presence of lensing is sensitive to the sign of $\Delta m^2 = m_2^2 -m_1^2$,
for non-maximal mixing between two neutrinos, unlike in the case of standard
vacuum oscillation in flat spacetime. Further, the probability itself
oscillates with respect to the path difference and the frequency of such
oscillations depends on the absolute mass scale $m_1$ or $m_2$. We also give
results for realistic three flavour case and discuss various implications of
gravitationally modified neutrino oscillations and means of observing them.
January 2020
- Non-relativistic neutrinos and the weak equivalence principle apparent
violation
2001.09974 [abs] [pdf]
[abstract]
by Massimo Blasone, [and 3 more]Petr Jizba, Gaetano Lambiase, and Luciano Petruzziello [hide authors].
We study the non-relativistic limit of Dirac equation for mixed neutrinos. We
demonstrate that such a procedure inevitably leads to a redefinition of the
inertial mass. This happens because, in contrast to the case when mixing is
absent, the antiparticle sector contribution cannot be neglected for neutrinos
with definite flavor. We then show that, when a gravitational interaction is
switched on, in the weak-field approximation the mass parameter which couples
to gravity (gravitational mass) does not undergo the same reformulation as the
inertial mass, thus leading to an apparent breakdown of the weak equivalence
principle.
- Characteristics of the diffuse astrophysical electron and tau neutrino
flux with six years of IceCube high energy cascade data
2001.09520 [abs] [pdf]
[abstract]
by IceCube Collaboration, [and 361 more]M. G. Aartsen, M. Ackermann, J. Adams, J. A. Aguilar, M. Ahlers, M. Ahrens, C. Alispach, K. Andeen, T. Anderson, I. Ansseau, G. Anton, C. Argüelles, J. Auffenberg, S. Axani, P. Backes, H. Bagherpour, X. Bai, A. Balagopal V., A. Barbano, S. W. Barwick, B. Bastian, V. Baum, S. Baur, R. Bay, J. J. Beatty, K. -H. Becker, J. Becker Tjus, S. BenZvi, D. Berley, E. Bernardini, D. Z. Besson, G. Binder, D. Bindig, E. Blaufuss, S. Blot, C. Bohm, S. Böser, O. Botner, J. Böttcher, E. Bourbeau, J. Bourbeau, F. Bradascio, J. Braun, S. Bron, J. Brostean-Kaiser, A. Burgman, J. Buscher, R. S. Busse, T. Carver, C. Chen, E. Cheung, D. Chirkin, S. Choi, K. Clark, L. Classen, A. Coleman, G. H. Collin, J. M. Conrad, P. Coppin, P. Correa, D. F. Cowen, R. Cross, P. Dave, C. De Clercq, J. J. DeLaunay, H. Dembinski, K. Deoskar, S. De Ridder, P. Desiati, K. D. de Vries, G. de Wasseige, M. de With, T. DeYoung, A. Diaz, J. C. Díaz-Vélez, H. Dujmovic, M. Dunkman, E. Dvorak, B. Eberhardt, T. Ehrhardt, P. Eller, R. Engel, P. A. Evenson, S. Fahey, A. R. Fazely, J. Felde, K. Filimonov, C. Finley, D. Fox, A. Franckowiak, E. Friedman, A. Fritz, T. K. Gaisser, J. Gallagher, E. Ganster, S. Garrappa, L. Gerhardt, K. Ghorbani, T. Glauch, T. Glüsenkamp, A. Goldschmidt, J. G. Gonzalez, D. Grant, T. Grégoire, Z. Griffith, S. Griswold, M. Günder, M. Gündüz, C. Haack, A. Hallgren, R. Halliday, L. Halve, F. Halzen, K. Hanson, A. Haungs, D. Hebecker, D. Heereman, P. Heix, K. Helbing, R. Hellauer, F. Henningsen, S. Hickford, J. Hignight, G. C. Hill, K. D. Hoffman, R. Hoffmann, T. Hoinka, B. Hokanson-Fasig, K. Hoshina, F. Huang, M. Huber, T. Huber, K. Hultqvist, M. Hünnefeld, R. Hussain, S. In, N. Iovine, A. Ishihara, M. Jansson, G. S. Japaridze, M. Jeong, K. Jero, B. J. P. Jones, F. Jonske, R. Joppe, D. Kang, W. Kang, A. Kappes, D. Kappesser, T. Karg, M. Karl, A. Karle, U. Katz, M. Kauer, J. L. Kelley, A. Kheirandish, J. Kim, T. Kintscher, J. Kiryluk, T. Kittler, S. R. Klein, R. Koirala, H. Kolanoski, L. Köpke, C. Kopper, S. Kopper, D. J. Koskinen, M. Kowalski, K. Krings, G. Krückl, N. Kulacz, N. Kurahashi, A. Kyriacou, J. L. Lanfranchi, M. J. Larson, F. Lauber, J. P. Lazar, K. Leonard, M. Lesiak-Bzdak, A. Leszczyńska, M. Leuermann, Q. R. Liu, E. Lohfink, C. J. Lozano Mariscal, L. Lu, F. Lucarelli, J. Lünemann, W. Luszczak, Y. Lyu, W. Y. Ma, J. Madsen, G. Maggi, K. B. M. Mahn, Y. Makino, P. Mallik, K. Mallot, S. Mancina, I. C. Mari{ş}, R. Maruyama, K. Mase, R. Maunu, F. McNally, K. Meagher, M. Medici, A. Medina, M. Meier, S. Meighen-Berger, G. Merino, T. Meures, J. Micallef, D. Mockler, G. Momenté, T. Montaruli, R. W. Moore, R. Morse, M. Moulai, P. Muth, R. Nagai, U. Naumann, G. Neer, H. Niederhausen, M. U. Nisa, S. C. Nowicki, D. R. Nygren, A. Obertacke Pollmann, M. Oehler, A. Olivas, A. O'Murchadha, E. O'Sullivan, T. Palczewski, H. Pandya, D. V. Pankova, N. Park, P. Peiffer, C. Pérez de los Heros, S. Philippen, D. Pieloth, E. Pinat, A. Pizzuto, M. Plum, A. Porcelli, P. B. Price, G. T. Przybylski, C. Raab, A. Raissi, M. Rameez, L. Rauch, K. Rawlins, I. C. Rea, A. Rehman, R. Reimann, B. Relethford, M. Renschler, G. Renzi, E. Resconi, W. Rhode, M. Richman, S. Robertson, M. Rongen, C. Rott, T. Ruhe, D. Ryckbosch, D. Rysewyk, I. Safa, S. E. Sanchez Herrera, A. Sandrock, J. Sandroos, M. Santander, S. Sarkar, S. Sarkar, K. Satalecka, M. Schaufel, H. Schieler, P. Schlunder, T. Schmidt, A. Schneider, J. Schneider, F. G. Schröder, L. Schumacher, S. Sclafani, D. Seckel, S. Seunarine, S. Shefali, M. Silva, R. Snihur, J. Soedingrekso, D. Soldin, M. Song, G. M. Spiczak, C. Spiering, J. Stachurska, M. Stamatikos, T. Stanev, R. Stein, J. Stettner, A. Steuer, T. Stezelberger, R. G. Stokstad, A. Stößl, N. L. Strotjohann, T. Stürwald, T. Stuttard, G. W. Sullivan, I. Taboada, F. Tenholt, S. Ter-Antonyan, A. Terliuk, S. Tilav, K. Tollefson, L. Tomankova, C. Tönnis, S. Toscano, D. Tosi, A. Trettin, M. Tselengidou, C. F. Tung, A. Turcati, R. Turcotte, C. F. Turley, B. Ty, E. Unger, M. A. Unland Elorrieta, M. Usner, J. Vandenbroucke, W. Van Driessche, D. van Eijk, N. van Eijndhoven, J. van Santen, S. Verpoest, M. Vraeghe, C. Walck, A. Wallace, M. Wallraff, N. Wandkowsky, T. B. Watson, C. Weaver, A. Weindl, M. J. Weiss, J. Weldert, C. Wendt, J. Werthebach, B. J. Whelan, N. Whitehorn, K. Wiebe, C. H. Wiebusch, L. Wille, D. R. Williams, L. Wills, M. Wolf, J. Wood, T. R. Wood, K. Woschnagg, G. Wrede, D. L. Xu, X. W. Xu, Y. Xu, J. P. Yanez, G. Yodh, S. Yoshida, T. Yuan, and M. Zöcklein [hide authors].
We report on the first measurement of the astrophysical neutrino flux using
particle showers (cascades) in IceCube data from 2010 -- 2015. Assuming
standard oscillations, the astrophysical neutrinos in this dedicated cascade
sample are dominated ($\sim 90 \%$) by electron and tau flavors. The flux,
observed in the sensitive energy range from $16\,\mathrm{TeV}$ to
$2.6\,\mathrm{PeV}$, is consistent with a single power-law model as expected
from Fermi-type acceleration of high energy particles at astrophysical sources.
We find the flux spectral index to be $\gamma=2.53\pm0.07$ and a flux
normalization for each neutrino flavor of $\phi_{astro} = 1.66^{+0.25}_{-0.27}$
at $E_{0} = 100\, \mathrm{TeV}$, in agreement with IceCube's complementary muon
neutrino results and with all-neutrino flavor fit results. In the measured
energy range we reject spectral indices $\gamma\leq2.28$ at $\ge3\sigma$
significance level. Due to high neutrino energy resolution and low atmospheric
neutrino backgrounds, this analysis provides the most detailed characterization
of the neutrino flux at energies below $\sim100\,{\rm{TeV}}$ compared to
previous IceCube results. Results from fits assuming more complex neutrino flux
models suggest a flux softening at high energies and a flux hardening at low
energies (p-value $\ge 0.06$). The sizable and smooth flux measured below $\sim
100\,{\rm{TeV}}$ remains a puzzle. In order to not violate the isotropic
diffuse gamma-ray background as measured by the Fermi-LAT, it suggests the
existence of astrophysical neutrino sources characterized by dense environments
which are opaque to gamma-rays.
- Quantum decoherence and relaxation in neutrinos using long-baseline data
2001.09250 [abs] [pdf]
[abstract]
by A. L. G. Gomes, R. A. Gomes, and O. L. G. Peres.
We investigate the effect of quantum decoherence and relaxation in neutrino
oscillations using MINOS and T2K data. The formalism of open quantum systems is
used to describe the interaction of a neutrino system with the environment,
where the strength of the interaction is regulated by a decoherence parameter
$\Gamma$. We assume an energy dependence parameterized by $\Gamma = \gamma_0
(E/\mbox{GeV})^n$, with $n=-2,0,+2$, and study three different scenarios. The
MINOS and T2K data present a complementary behavior, with regard to our
theoretical model, resulting in a better sensitivity for $n = +2$ and $n = -2$,
respectively. We perform a combined analysis of both experimental data and
include a reactor constraint on $\sin^2 \theta_{13}$. The results of our
combined analyses improve significantly the previous bounds on $\gamma_0$ for
$n = -2$, reporting an upper bound of $1.7 \times 10^{-23}$~GeV, at the 90\%
confidence level.
- Universal Polarimetric Signatures of the Black Hole Photon Ring
2001.08750 [abs] [pdf]
[abstract]
by Elizabeth Himwich, [and 3 more]Michael D. Johnson, Alexandru Lupsasca, and Andrew Strominger [hide authors].
Black hole images present an annular region of enhanced brightness. In the
absence of propagation effects, this "photon ring" has universal features that
are completely governed by general relativity and independent of the details of
the emission. Here, we show that the polarimetric image of a black hole also
displays universal properties. In particular, the photon ring exhibits a
self-similar pattern of polarization that encodes the black hole spin. We
explore the corresponding universal polarimetric signatures of the photon ring
on long interferometric baselines, and propose a method for measuring the black
hole spin using a sparse interferometric array. These signatures could enable
spin measurements of the supermassive black hole in M87, as well as precision
tests of general relativity in the strong field regime, via a future extension
of the Event Horizon Telescope to space.
- Matter vs. vacuum oscillations at long baseline accelerator neutrino
experiments
2001.08676 [abs] [pdf]
[abstract]
by Suman Bharti, Ushak Rahaman, and S. Uma Sankar.
The neutrino oscillation probabilities at the long-baseline accelerator
neutrino experiments are expected to be modified by matter effects. We search
for evidence of such modification in the data of T2K and NO$\nu$A, by fitting
the data to the hypothesis of (a) matter modified oscillations and (b) vacuum
oscillations. We find that vacuum oscillations provide as good a fit to the
data as matter modified oscillations. Even extended runs of T2K and NO$\nu$A,
with 5 years in neutrino mode $(5 \nu)$ and five years in anti-neutrino mode
$(5 \bar{\nu})$, can {\bf not} make a $3~\sigma$ distinction between vacuum and
matter modified oscillations. The proposed experiment DUNE, with neutrino and
anti-neutrino runs of 5 years each $(5 \nu + 5 \bar{\nu})$, can rule out vacuum
oscillations by itself at $5~\sigma$ if the hierarchy is normal. If the
hierarchy is inverted, a $5~\sigma$ discrimination against vacuum oscillations
requires the combination of $(5 \nu + 5 \bar{\nu})$ runs of T2K, \nova and
DUNE.
- Testing MSW effect in Supernova Explosion with Neutrino event rates
2001.08543 [abs] [pdf]
[abstract]
by Kwang-Chang Lai, C. S. Jason Leung, and Guey-Lin Lin.
Flavor transitions in supernova neutrinos are yet to be determined. We
present a method to probe whether or not the Mikheyev-Smirnov-Wolfenstein
effects occur as SN neutrinos propagate outward from the SN core by
investigating time evolutions of neutrino event rates for different flavors in
different kinds of detectors. As the MSW effect occurs, the $\nu_e$ flux swaps
with the $\nu_x$ flux, which represents any one of $\nu_{\mu}$, $\nu_{\tau}$,
$\bar{\nu}_{\mu}$, and $\bar{\nu}_{\tau}$ flux, either fully or partially
depending on the neutrino mass hierarchy. During the neutronization burst, the
$\nu_e$ emission evolves in a much different shape from the emissions of
$\bar{\nu}_e$ and $\nu_x$ while the latter two evolve in a similar pattern.
Meanwhile, the luminosity of the the $\nu_e$ emission is much larger than those
of the $\bar{\nu}_e$ and $\nu_x$ emissions while the latter two are roughly
equal. As a consequence, the time-evolution pattern of the $\nu_e{\rm Ar}$
event rates in the absence of the MSW effect will be much different from that
in the occurrence of the MSW effect, in either mass hierarchy. With the
simulated SN neutrino emissions, the $\nu_e{\rm Ar}$ and inverse beta decay
event rates are evaluated. The ratios of the two cumulative event rates are
calculated for different progenitor masses up to $100~{\rm ms}$. We show that
the time evolutions of this cumulative ratios can effectively determine whether
MSW effects really occur for SN neutrinos or not.
- Oscillation tomography of the Earth with solar neutrinos and future
experiments
2001.08030 [abs] [pdf]
[abstract]
by Pouya Bakhti and Alexei Yu. Smirnov.
We study in details the Earth matter effects on the boron neutrinos from the
Sun using recently developed 3D models of the Earth. The models have a number
of new features of the density profiles, in particular, a substantial deviation
from spherical symmetry. In this connection, we further elaborate on relevant
aspects of oscillations ($\epsilon^2$ corrections, adiabaticity violation,
entanglement, {\it etc.}) and the attenuation effect. The night excesses of the
$\nu e-$ and $\nu N-$ events and the Day-Night asymmetries, $A_{ND}$, are
presented in terms of the matter potential and the generalized energy
resolution functions. The energy dependences of the cross-section and the flux
improve the resolution, and consequently, sensitivity to remote structures of
the profiles. The nadir angle ($\eta$) dependences of $A_{ND}$ are computed for
future detectors DUNE, THEIA, Hyper-Kamiokande, and MICA at the South pole.
Perspectives of the oscillation tomography of the Earth with the boron
neutrinos are discussed. Next-generation detectors will establish the
integrated day-night asymmetry with high confidence level. They can give some
indications of the $\eta-$ dependence of the effect, but will discriminate
among different models at most at the $(1 - 2)\sigma$ level. For high-level
discrimination, the MICA-scale experiments are needed. MICA can detect the
ice-soil borders and perform unique tomography of Antarctica.
- Revealing neutrino nature and $CPT$ violation with decoherence effects
2001.07580 [abs] [pdf]
[abstract]
by Luca Buoninfante, [and 3 more]Antonio Capolupo, Salvatore M. Giampaolo, and Gaetano Lambiase [hide authors].
We study decoherence effects on mixing among three generations of neutrinos.
We show that in presence of a non--diagonal dissipation matrix, both Dirac and
Majorana neutrinos can violate the $CPT$ symmetry and the oscillation formulae
depend on the parametrization of the mixing matrix. We reveal the $CP$
violation in the transitions preserving the flavor, for a certain form of the
dissipator. In particular, the $CP$ violation affects all the transitions in
the case of Majorana neutrinos, unlike Dirac neutrinos which still preserve the
$CP$ symmetry in one of the transitions flavor preserving. This theoretical
result shows that decoherence effects, if exist for neutrinos, could allow to
determine the neutrino nature and to test fundamental symmetries of physics.
Next long baseline experiments could allow such an analysis. We relate our
study with experiments by using the characteristic parameters and the
constraints on the elements of the dissipation matrix of current experiments.
- Working Group Report on the Combined Analysis of Muon Density
Measurements from Eight Air Shower Experiments
2001.07508 [abs] [pdf]
[abstract]
by Lorenzo Cazon.
We present a meta-analysis of recent muon density measurements made by eight
air shower experiments which cover shower energies ranging from PeV to tens of
EeV regarding the muon puzzle in extensive air showers. Some experimental
analyses reported deviations between recorded and simulated muon densities in
extensive air showers, and others reported no discrepancies. Comparisons
between experiments were made using a universal reference scale based on the
relative difference to simulated proton and iron initiated air showers. We have
applied a cross-calibration of energy scales between experiments based on the
isotropic flux of cosmic rays as a reference. Above 10 PeV, most experimental
data show a muon excess with respect to simulated air showers, including those
performed with the recent post-LHC high-energy interaction models. The
discrepancy increases with the shower energy with a slope 8 sigma away from the
predictions by EPOS-LHC and QGSJet-II.04. The effect of measurements being made
at different zenith angles and energy threshold of muons across different
experiments will be addressed.
- Effects of matter density profiles on neutrino oscillations for T2HK and
T2HKK
2001.05505 [abs] [pdf]
[abstract]
by Stephen F. King, [and 3 more]Susana Molina Sedgwick, Stephen J. Parke, and Nick W. Prouse [hide authors].
This paper explores the effects of changes in matter density profiles on
neutrino oscillation probabilities, and whether these could potentially be seen
by the future Hyper-Kamiokande long-baseline oscillation experiment (T2HK). The
analysis is extended to include the possibility of having an additional
detector in Korea (T2HKK). In both cases, we find that these effects will be
immeasurable, as the magnitudes of the changes in the oscillation probabilities
induced in all density profile scenarios considered here remain smaller than
the estimated experimental sensitivity to the oscillation probabilities of each
experiment, for both appearance and disappearance channels. Therefore, we
conclude that using a constant density profile is sufficient for both the T2HK
and T2HKK experiments.
- The Subhalo Mass Function and Ultralight Bosonic Dark Matter
2001.05503 [abs] [pdf]
[abstract]
by Katelin Schutz.
Warm dark matter has recently become increasingly constrained by
observational inferences about the low-mass end of the subhalo mass function,
which would be suppressed by dark matter free streaming in the early Universe.
In this work, we point out that a constraint can be placed on ultralight
bosonic dark matter (often referred to as "fuzzy dark matter") based on similar
considerations. Recent limits on warm dark matter from strong gravitational
lensing of quasars and from fluctuations in stellar streams separately
translate to a lower limit of $\sim 2.1 \times 10^{-21}$ eV on the mass of an
ultralight boson comprising all dark matter. These limits are complementary to
constraints on ultralight dark matter from the Lyman-$\alpha$ forest and are
subject to a completely different set of assumptions and systematic
uncertainties. Taken together, these probes strongly suggest that dark matter
with a mass $\sim 10^{-22}$ eV is not a viable way to reconcile differences
between cold dark matter simulations and observations of structure on small
scales.
- Bounds on secret neutrino interactions from high-energy astrophysical
neutrinos
2001.04994 [abs] [pdf]
[abstract]
by Mauricio Bustamante, [and 3 more]Charlotte Amalie Rosenstroem, Shashank Shalgar, and Irene Tamborra [hide authors].
Neutrinos offer a window to physics beyond the Standard Model. In particular,
high-energy astrophysical neutrinos, with TeV-PeV energies, may provide
evidence of new, "secret" neutrino-neutrino interactions that are stronger than
ordinary weak interactions. During their propagation over cosmological
distances, high-energy neutrinos could interact with the cosmic neutrino
background via secret interactions, developing characteristic energy-dependent
features in their observed energy distribution. For the first time, we look for
signatures of secret neutrino interactions in the diffuse flux of high-energy
astrophysical neutrinos, using 6 years of publicly available IceCube High
Energy Starting Events (HESE). We find no significant evidence for secret
neutrino interactions, but place competitive upper limits on the coupling
strength of the new mediator through which they occur, in the mediator mass
range of 1-100 MeV.
- Precision Early Universe Thermodynamics made simple: $N_{\rm eff}$ and
Neutrino Decoupling in the Standard Model and beyond
2001.04466 [abs] [pdf]
[abstract]
by Miguel Escudero.
Precision measurements of the number of effective relativistic neutrino
species and the primordial element abundances require accurate theoretical
predictions for early Universe observables in the Standard Model and beyond.
Given the complexity of accurately modelling the thermal history of the early
Universe, in this work, we extend a previous method presented by the author to
obtain simple, fast and accurate early Universe thermodynamics. The method is
based upon the approximation that all relevant species can be described by
thermal equilibrium distribution functions characterized by a temperature and a
chemical potential. We apply the method to neutrino decoupling in the Standard
Model and find $N_{\rm eff}^{\rm SM} = 3.045$ -- a result in excellent
agreement with previous state-of-the-art calculations. We apply the method to
study the thermal history of the Universe in the presence of a very light
($1\,\text{eV}
- Nuclear effects in high-energy neutrino interactions
2001.03677 [abs] [pdf]
[abstract]
by Spencer R. Klein, Sally A. Robertson, and Ramona Vogt.
Neutrino telescopes like IceCube, KM3NeT and Baikal-GVD offer physicists the
opportunity to study neutrinos with energies far beyond the reach of
terrestrial accelerators. These neutrinos are used to study high-energy
neutrino interactions and to probe the Earth through absorption tomography.
Current studies of TeV neutrinos use cross sections which are calculated for
free nucleons with targets which are assumed to contain equal numbers of
protons and neutrons.
Here we consider modifications of high-energy neutrino interactions due to
two nuclear effects: modifications of the parton densities in the nucleus,
referred to here as shadowing, and the effect of non-isoscalar targets, with
unequal numbers of neutrons and protons. Both these effects depend on the
interaction medium. Because shadowing is larger for heavier nuclei, such as
iron, found in the Earth's core, it introduces a zenith-angle dependent change
in the absorption cross section. These modifications increase the cross
sections by 1-2\% at energies below 100 TeV (antishadowing), and reduce it by
3-4\% at higher energies (shadowing).
Nuclear effects also alter the inelasticity distribution of neutrino
interactions in water/ice by increasing the number of low inelasticity
interactions, with a larger effect for $\nu$ than $\bar\nu$. These effects are
particularly large in the energy range below a few TeV. These effects could
alter the cross sections inferred from events with tracks originating within
the active detector volume as well as the ratio $\nu/\bar\nu$ inferred from
inelasticity measurements.
The uncertainties in these nuclear effects are larger than the uncertainties
on the free-proton cross sections and will thus limit the systematic precision
of future high-precision measurements at neutrino telescopes.
- Recovery of eigenvectors from eigenvalues in systems of coupled harmonic
oscillators
2001.02073 [abs] [pdf]
[abstract]
by Henning U. Voss and Douglas J. Ballon.
The eigenvector-eigenvalue identity relates the eigenvectors of a Hermitian
matrix to its eigenvalues and the eigenvalues of its principal submatrices in
which the jth row and column have been removed. We show that one-dimensional
arrays of coupled resonators, described by square matrices with real
eigenvalues, provide simple physical systems where this formula can be applied
in practice. The subsystems consist of arrays with the jth resonator removed,
and thus can be realized physically. From their spectra alone, the oscillation
modes of the full system can be obtained. This principle of successive single
resonator deletions is demonstrated in two experiments of coupled
radiofrequency resonator arrays with greater-than-nearest neighbor couplings,
in which the spectra are measured with a network analyzer. Both the Hermitian
as well as a non-Hermitian case are covered in the experiments. In both cases
the experimental eigenvector estimates agree well with numerical simulations if
certain consistency conditions imposed by system symmetries are taken into
account. In the Hermitian case, these estimates are obtained from resonance
spectra alone without knowledge of the system parameters. It remains an
interesting problem of physical relevance to find conditions under which the
full non-Hermitian eigenvector set can be obtained from the spectra alone.
- A search for IceCube events in the direction of ANITA neutrino
candidates
2001.01737 [abs] [pdf]
[abstract]
by IceCube Collaboration, [and 360 more]M. G. Aartsen, M. Ackermann, J. Adams, J. A. Aguilar, M. Ahlers, M. Ahrens, C. Alispach, K. Andeen, T. Anderson, I. Ansseau, G. Anton, C. Argüelles, J. Auffenberg, S. Axani, P. Backes, H. Bagherpour, X. Bai, A. Balagopal V., A. Barbano, S. W. Barwick, B. Bastian, V. Baum, S. Baur, R. Bay, J. J. Beatty, K. -H. Becker, J. Becker Tjus, S. BenZvi, D. Berley, E. Bernardini, D. Z. Besson, G. Binder, D. Bindig, E. Blaufuss, S. Blot, C. Bohm, S. Böser, O. Botner, J. Böttcher, E. Bourbeau, J. Bourbeau, F. Bradascio, J. Braun, S. Bron, J. Brostean-Kaiser, A. Burgman, J. Buscher, R. S. Busse, T. Carver, C. Chen, E. Cheung, D. Chirkin, S. Choi, K. Clark, L. Classen, A. Coleman, G. H. Collin, J. M. Conrad, P. Coppin, P. Correa, D. F. Cowen, R. Cross, P. Dave, C. De Clercq, J. J. DeLaunay, H. Dembinski, K. Deoskar, S. De Ridder, P. Desiati, K. D. de Vries, G. de Wasseige, M. de With, T. DeYoung, A. Diaz, J. C. Díaz-Vélez, H. Dujmovic, M. Dunkman, E. Dvorak, B. Eberhardt, T. Ehrhardt, P. Eller, R. Engel, P. A. Evenson, S. Fahey, A. R. Fazely, J. Felde, K. Filimonov, C. Finley, D. Fox, A. Franckowiak, E. Friedman, A. Fritz, T. K. Gaisser, J. Gallagher, E. Ganster, S. Garrappa, L. Gerhardt, K. Ghorbani, T. Glauch, T. Glüsenkamp, A. Goldschmidt, J. G. Gonzalez, D. Grant, T. Grégoire, Z. Griffith, S. Griswold, M. Günder, M. Gündüz, C. Haack, A. Hallgren, R. Halliday, L. Halve, F. Halzen, K. Hanson, A. Haungs, D. Hebecker, D. Heereman, P. Heix, K. Helbing, R. Hellauer, F. Henningsen, S. Hickford, J. Hignight, G. C. Hill, K. D. Hoffman, R. Hoffmann, T. Hoinka, B. Hokanson-Fasig, K. Hoshina, F. Huang, M. Huber, T. Huber, K. Hultqvist, M. Hünnefeld, R. Hussain, S. In, N. Iovine, A. Ishihara, M. Jansson, G. S. Japaridze, M. Jeong, K. Jero, B. J. P. Jones, F. Jonske, R. Joppe, D. Kang, W. Kang, A. Kappes, D. Kappesser, T. Karg, M. Karl, A. Karle, U. Katz, M. Kauer, J. L. Kelley, A. Kheirandish, J. Kim, T. Kintscher, J. Kiryluk, T. Kittler, S. R. Klein, R. Koirala, H. Kolanoski, L. Köpke, C. Kopper, S. Kopper, D. J. Koskinen, M. Kowalski, K. Krings, G. Krückl, N. Kulacz, N. Kurahashi, A. Kyriacou, J. L. Lanfranchi, M. J. Larson, F. Lauber, J. P. Lazar, K. Leonard, A. Leszczyńska, M. Leuermann, Q. R. Liu, E. Lohfink, C. J. Lozano Mariscal, L. Lu, F. Lucarelli, J. Lünemann, W. Luszczak, Y. Lyu, W. Y. Ma, J. Madsen, G. Maggi, K. B. M. Mahn, Y. Makino, P. Mallik, K. Mallot, S. Mancina, I. C. Mariş, R. Maruyama, K. Mase, R. Maunu, F. McNally, K. Meagher, M. Medici, A. Medina, M. Meier, S. Meighen-Berger, G. Merino, T. Meures, J. Micallef, D. Mockler, G. Momenté, T. Montaruli, R. W. Moore, R. Morse, M. Moulai, P. Muth, R. Nagai, U. Naumann, G. Neer, H. Niederhausen, M. U. Nisa, S. C. Nowicki, D. R. Nygren, A. Obertacke Pollmann, M. Oehler, A. Olivas, A. O'Murchadha, E. O'Sullivan, T. Palczewski, H. Pandya, D. V. Pankova, N. Park, P. Peiffer, C. Pérez de los Heros, S. Philippen, D. Pieloth, S. Pieper, E. Pinat, A. Pizzuto, M. Plum, A. Porcelli, P. B. Price, G. T. Przybylski, C. Raab, A. Raissi, M. Rameez, L. Rauch, K. Rawlins, I. C. Rea, A. Rehman, R. Reimann, B. Relethford, M. Renschler, G. Renzi, E. Resconi, W. Rhode, M. Richman, S. Robertson, M. Rongen, C. Rott, T. Ruhe, D. Ryckbosch, D. Rysewyk, I. Safa, S. E. Sanchez Herrera, A. Sandrock, J. Sandroos, M. Santander, S. Sarkar, S. Sarkar, K. Satalecka, M. Schaufel, H. Schieler, P. Schlunder, T. Schmidt, A. Schneider, J. Schneider, F. G. Schröder, L. Schumacher, S. Sclafani, S. Seunarine, S. Shefali, M. Silva, R. Snihur, J. Soedingrekso, D. Soldin, M. Song, G. M. Spiczak, C. Spiering, J. Stachurska, M. Stamatikos, T. Stanev, R. Stein, J. Stettner, A. Steuer, T. Stezelberger, R. G. Stokstad, A. Stößl, N. L. Strotjohann, T. Stürwald, T. Stuttard, G. W. Sullivan, I. Taboada, F. Tenholt, S. Ter-Antonyan, A. Terliuk, S. Tilav, K. Tollefson, L. Tomankova, C. Tönnis, S. Toscano, D. Tosi, A. Trettin, M. Tselengidou, C. F. Tung, A. Turcati, R. Turcotte, C. F. Turley, B. Ty, E. Unger, M. A. Unland Elorrieta, M. Usner, J. Vandenbroucke, W. Van Driessche, D. van Eijk, N. van Eijndhoven, J. van Santen, S. Verpoest, M. Vraeghe, C. Walck, A. Wallace, M. Wallraff, N. Wandkowsky, T. B. Watson, C. Weaver, A. Weindl, M. J. Weiss, J. Weldert, C. Wendt, J. Werthebach, B. J. Whelan, N. Whitehorn, K. Wiebe, C. H. Wiebusch, L. Wille, D. R. Williams, L. Wills, M. Wolf, J. Wood, T. R. Wood, K. Woschnagg, G. Wrede, D. L. Xu, X. W. Xu, Y. Xu, J. P. Yanez, G. Yodh, S. Yoshida, T. Yuan, and M. Zöcklein [hide authors].
During the first three flights of the Antarctic Impulsive Transient Antenna
(ANITA) experiment, the collaboration detected several neutrino candidates. Two
of these candidate events were consistent with an ultra-high-energy up-going
air shower and compatible with a tau neutrino interpretation. A third neutrino
candidate event was detected in a search for Askaryan radiation in the
Antarctic ice, although it is also consistent with the background expectation.
The inferred emergence angle of the first two events is in tension with IceCube
and ANITA limits on isotropic cosmogenic neutrino fluxes. Here, we test the
hypothesis that these events are astrophysical in origin, possibly caused by a
point source in the reconstructed direction. Given that any ultra-high-energy
tau neutrino flux traversing the Earth should be accompanied by a secondary
flux in the TeV-PeV range, we search for these secondary counterparts in seven
years of IceCube data using three complementary approaches. In the absence of
any significant detection, we set upper limits on the neutrino flux from
potential point sources. We compare these limits to ANITA's sensitivity in the
same direction and show that an astrophysical explanation of these anomalous
events under standard model assumptions is severely constrained regardless of
source spectrum.
December 2019
- KATRIN bound on 3+1 active-sterile neutrino mixing and the reactor
antineutrino anomaly
1912.12956 [abs] [pdf]
[abstract]
by C. Giunti, Y. F. Li, and Y. Y. Zhang.
We present the bounds on 3+1 active-sterile neutrino mixing obtained from the
first results of the KATRIN experiment. We show that the KATRIN data extend the
Mainz and Troitsk bound to smaller values of $\Delta{m}^2_{41}$ for large
mixing and improves the exclusion of the large-$\Delta{m}^2_{41}$ solution of
the Huber-Muller reactor antineutrino anomaly. We also show that the combined
bound of the Mainz, Troitsk, and KATRIN tritium experiments and the Bugey-3,
NEOS, PROSPECT, and DANSS reactor spectral ratio measurements exclude most of
the region in the ($\sin^2\!2\vartheta_{ee},\Delta{m}^2_{41}$) plane allowed by
the Huber-Muller reactor antineutrino anomaly. Considering two new calculations
of the reactor neutrino fluxes, we show that one, that predicts a lower
$^{235}\text{U}$ neutrino flux, is in agreement with the tritium and reactor
spectral ratio measurements, whereas the other leads to a larger tension than
the Huber-Muller prediction. We also show that the combined reactor spectral
ratio and tritium measurements disfavor the Neutrino-4 indication of large
active-sterile mixing. We finally discuss the constraints on the gallium
neutrino anomaly.
- Dark Matter Annihilation to Neutrinos
1912.09486 [abs] [pdf]
[abstract]
by Carlos A. Argüelles, [and 5 more]Alejandro Diaz, Ali Kheirandish, Andrés Olivares-Del-Campo, Ibrahim Safa, and Aaron C. Vincent [hide authors].
We review the annihilation of dark matter into neutrinos over a range of dark
matter masses from MeV$/c^2$ to ZeV$/c^2$. Thermally-produced models of dark
matter are expected to self-annihilate to standard model products. As no such
signal has yet been detected, we turn to neutrino detectors to constrain the
"most invisible channel." We review the experimental techniques that are used
to detect neutrinos, and revisit the expected contributions to the neutrino
flux at current and upcoming neutrino experiments. We place updated constraints
on the dark matter self-annhilation cross section to neutrinos $\langle \sigma
v \rangle$ using the most recently available data, and forecast the sensitivity
of upcoming experiments such as Hyper-Kamiokande, DUNE, and IceCube Gen-2.
Where possible, limits and projections are scaled to a single set of dark
matter halo parameters for consistent comparison. We consider Galactic and
extragalactic signals of $s$, $p$, and $d$-wave annihilation processes directly
into neutrino pairs, yielding constraints that range from $\langle \sigma v
\rangle \sim 5\times10^{-26}~{\rm cm}^3 {\rm s}^{-1}$ at 1 MeV$/c^2$ to
$10^{-17}~{\rm cm}^3{\rm s}^{-1}$ at 10$^{11}$ GeV$/c^2$. Experiments that
report directional and energy information of their events provide much stronger
constraints, outlining the importance of making such data public.
- A model for lepton flavor violating non-standard neutrino interactions
1912.09408 [abs] [pdf]
[abstract]
by Yasaman Farzan.
We present a model for Lepton Flavor Violating (LFV) neutral current
non-standard interactions of neutrinos with matter fields parameterized by
$\epsilon_{\alpha \beta}^f$ with $\alpha \ne \beta$. Here, unlike the previous
models, the ratios of the off-diagonal LFV elements of the effective NSI
coupling to the diagonal lepton flavor conserving ones ({\it i.e.,}
$(\epsilon_{\alpha \beta}^f)^2/(\epsilon_{\alpha \alpha}^f \epsilon_{\beta
\beta}^f)$ ) are arbitrary. The model enjoys rich phenomenology, predicting
invisible Higgs decay and new meson decay modes observable in upcoming
experiments. The model for $\epsilon_{\mu e}^f$ also predicts a $\mu^-$ to
$e^-$ conversion rate on nuclei accessible in the planned experiments.
- On Resolving the Dark LMA Solution at Neutrino Oscillation Experiments
1912.08629 [abs] [pdf]
[abstract]
by Sandhya Choubey and Dipyaman Pramanik.
In presence of non standard interactions, the solar neutrino data is
consistent with two solutions, one close to the standard LMA solution with
$\sin^2\theta_{12} \simeq 0.3$ and another with $\sin^2\theta_{12}^D \simeq
0.7(=\cos^2\theta_{12})$. The latter has been called the Dark LMA (DLMA)
solution in the literature. This issue is hard to resolve via oscillations
because of the existence of the so-called "generalised mass hierarchy"
degeneracy of the neutrino mass matrix in presence of NSI. However, if the mass
hierarchy is independently determined in a non-oscillation experiment such as
neutrino-less double beta decay, the invariance of neutrino oscillation
probabilities under $\sin^2\theta_{12} \leftrightarrow \cos^2\theta_{12}$ is
lost and the possibility of resolving the LMA vs DLMA opens up. We point out
that the $P_{\mu\mu}$ channel can distinguish $\theta_{12}$ from
$\theta_{12}^D$ and study the corresponding difference in long-baseline
experiments. We show that a key ingredient required is the input from the
$P_{ee}$ channel measured at a reactor experiment. We find that if the mass
hierarchy is determined by neutrino-less double beta decay, then a combined
measurement of the effective mass squared differences in long-baseline
experiments such as T2HK and DUNE and reactor experiment such as JUNO can
resolve the DLMA conundrum to better than $3\sigma$ within 1 year for T2HK and
little more than 3 years for DUNE.
- Searches for Decays of New Particles in the DUNE Multi-Purpose Near
Detector
1912.07622 [abs] [pdf]
[abstract]
by Jeffrey M. Berryman, [and 5 more]André de Gouvêa, Patrick J. Fox, Boris J. Kayser, Kevin J. Kelly, and Jennifer L. Raaf [hide authors].
One proposed component of the upcoming Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment
(DUNE) near detector complex is a multi-purpose, magnetized, gaseous argon time
projection chamber: the Multi-Purpose Detector (MPD). We explore the
new-physics potential of the MPD, focusing on scenarios in which the MPD is
significantly more sensitive to new physics than a liquid argon detector,
specifically searches for semi-long-lived particles that are produced in/near
the beam target and decay in the MPD. The specific physics possibilities
studied are searches for dark vector bosons mixing kinetically with the
Standard Model hypercharge group, leptophilic vector bosons, dark scalars
mixing with the Standard Model Higgs boson, and heavy neutral leptons that mix
with the Standard Model neutrinos. We demonstrate that the MPD can extend
existing bounds in most of these scenarios. We illustrate how the ability of
the MPD to measure the momentum and charge of the final state particles leads
to these bounds.
- A testable hidden-sector model for Dark Matter and neutrino masses
1912.06661 [abs] [pdf]
[abstract]
by Julia Gehrlein and Mathias Pierre.
We consider a minimal extension of the Standard Model with a hidden sector
charged under a dark local $U(1)'$ gauge group, accounting simultaneously for
light neutrino masses and the observed Dark Matter relic abundance. The model
contains two copies of right-handed neutrinos which give rise to light
neutrino-masses via an extended seesaw mechanism. The presence of a stable
Dark-Matter candidate and a massless state naturally arise by requiring the
simplest anomaly-free particle content without introducing any extra
symmetries. We investigate the phenomenology of the hidden sector considering
the $U(1)'$ breaking scale of the order of the electroweak scale. Confronting
the thermal history of this hidden-sector model with existing and future
constraints from collider, direct and indirect detection experiments provides
various possibilities of probing the model in complementary ways as every
particle of the dark sector plays a specific cosmological role. Across the
identified viable parameter space, a large region predicts a sizable
contribution to the effective relativistic degrees-of-freedom in the early
Universe that allows to alleviate the recently reported tension between late
and early measurements of the Hubble constant.
- Measuring the Weak Mixing Angle in the DUNE Near Detector Complex
1912.06658 [abs] [pdf]
[abstract]
by André de Gouvêa, [and 3 more]Pedro A. N. Machado, Yuber F. Perez-Gonzalez, and Zahra Tabrizi [hide authors].
The planned DUNE experiment will have excellent sensitivity to the vector and
axial couplings of the electron to the $Z$-boson via precision measurements of
neutrino--electron scattering. We investigate the sensitivity of DUNE-PRISM, a
movable near detector in the direction perpendicular to the beam line, and find
that it will qualitatively impact our ability to constrain the weak couplings
of the electron. We translate these neutrino--electron scattering measurements
into a determination of the weak mixing angle at low scales and estimate that,
with seven years of data taking, the DUNE near-detector can be used to measure
$\sin^2\theta_W$ with about 2\% precision. We also discuss the impact of
combining neutrino--electron scattering data with neutrino trident production
at DUNE-PRISM.
- Signatures of microscopic black holes and extra dimensions at future
neutrino telescopes
1912.06656 [abs] [pdf]
[abstract]
by Katherine J. Mack, Ningqiang Song, and Aaron C. Vincent.
In scenarios with large extra dimensions (LEDs), the fundamental Planck scale
can be low enough that collisions between high-energy particles may produce
microscopic black holes. High-energy cosmic neutrinos can carry energies much
larger than a PeV, opening the door to a higher energy range than Earth-based
colliders. Here, for the first time, we identify a number of unique signatures
of microscopic black holes as they would appear in the next generation of
large-scale neutrino observatories such as IceCube-Gen2 and the Pacific Ocean
Neutrino Explorer. These signatures include new event topologies, energy
distributions, and unusual ratios of hadronic-to-electronic energy deposition,
visible through Cherenkov light echos due to delayed neutron recombination. We
find that the next generation of neutrino telescopes can probe LEDs with a
Planck scale up to 6 TeV, though the identification of unique topologies could
push their reach even further.
- Improved Sterile Neutrino Constraints from the STEREO Experiment with
179 Days of Reactor-On Data
1912.06582 [abs] [pdf]
[abstract]
by STEREO Collaboration, [and 29 more]H. Almazán, L. Bernard, A. Blanchet, A. Bonhomme, C. Buck, P. del Amo Sanchez, I. El Atmani, J. Haser, F. Kandzia, S. Kox, L. Labit, J. Lamblin, A. Letourneau, D. Lhuillier, M. Licciardi, M. Lindner, T. Materna, A. Minotti, H. Pessard, J. -S. Réal, C. Roca, R. Rogly, T. Salagnac, V. Savu, S. Schoppmann, V. Sergeyeva, T. Soldner, A. Stutz, and M. Vialat [hide authors].
The STEREO experiment is a very short baseline reactor antineutrino
experiment. It is designed to test the hypothesis of light sterile neutrinos
being the cause of a deficit of the observed antineutrino interaction rate at
short baselines with respect to the predicted rate, known as the reactor
antineutrino anomaly. The STEREO experiment measures the antineutrino energy
spectrum in six identical detector cells covering baselines between 9 and 11 m
from the compact core of the ILL research reactor. In this article, results
from 179 days of reactor turned on and 235 days of reactor turned off are
reported at a high degree of detail. The current results include improvements
in the modelling of detector optical properties and the gamma-cascade after
neutron captures by gadolinium, the treatment of backgrounds, and the
statistical method of the oscillation analysis. Using a direct comparison
between antineutrino spectra of all cells, largely independent of any flux
prediction, we find the data compatible with the null oscillation hypothesis.
The best-fit point of the reactor antineutrino anomaly is rejected at more than
99.9% C.L.
- Getting a THUMP from a WIMP
1912.05572 [abs] [pdf]
[abstract]
by Hooman Davoudiasl and Gopolang Mohlabeng.
Producing an acceptable thermal relic abundance of dark matter with masses
$\gg 10^2$ TeV is a challenge. We propose a novel mechanism where GeV-scale
states establish a tiny thermal relic abundance for dark matter, which is later
promoted to ultra massive status by a very light scalar. We refer to this dark
matter as a THermal Ultra Massive Particle (THUMP). Direct detection of THUMPs
can be naturally expected due to large scattering cross sections mediated by
low mass states that couple THUMPs to the Standard Model. Our model generically
leads to signals for the associated GeV-scale states at accelerator
experiments.
- Physics potential of the ESS$ν$SB
1912.04309 [abs] [pdf]
[abstract]
by M. Blennow, [and 3 more]E. Fernandez-Martinez, T. Ota, and S. Rosauro-Alcaraz [hide authors].
The ESS$\nu$SB project proposes to base a neutrino ''Super Beam'' of
unprecedented luminosity at the European Spallation Source. The original
proposal identified the second peak of the oscillation probability as the
optimal to maximize the discovery potential to leptonic CP violation. However
this choice reduces the statistics at the detector and penalizes other
complementary searches such as the determination of the atmospheric oscillation
parameters, particularly the octant of $\theta_{23}$ as well as the neutrino
mass ordering. We explore how these shortcomings can be alleviated by the
combination of the beam data with the atmospheric neutrino sample that would
also be collected at the detector. We find that the combination not only
improves very significantly these drawbacks, but also enhances both the CP
violation discovery potential and the precision in the measurement of the CP
violating phase, for which the facility was originally optimized, by lifting
parametric degeneracies. We then reassess the optimization of the ESS$\nu$SB
setup when the atmospheric neutrino sample is considered, with an emphasis in
performing a measurement of the CP violating phase as precise as possible. We
find that for the presently preferred value of $\delta \sim -\pi/2$, shorter
baselines and longer running time in neutrino mode would be optimal. In these
conditions, a measurement better than $14^\circ$ would be achievable for any
value of the $\theta_{23}$ octant and the mass ordering. Conversely, if present
and next generation facilities were not able to discover CP violation, longer
baselines and more even splitting between neutrino and neutrino modes would be
preferable. These choices would allow a $5 \sigma$ discovery of CP violation
for around a $60\%$ of the possible values of $\delta$ and to determine its
value with a precision around $6^\circ$ if it is close to $0$ or $\pi$.
- Constraining properties of the next nearby core-collapse supernova with
multi-messenger signals
1912.03328 [abs] [pdf]
[abstract]
by MacKenzie L. Warren, [and 3 more]Sean M. Couch, Evan P. O'Connor, and Viktoriya Morozova [hide authors].
With the advent of modern neutrino and gravitational wave detectors, the
promise of multi-messenger detections of the next galactic core-collapse
supernova has become very real. Such detections will give insight into the
core-collapse supernova mechanism, the structure of the progenitor star, and
may resolve longstanding questions in fundamental physics. In order to properly
interpret these detections, a thorough understanding of the landscape of
possible core-collapse supernova events, and their multi-messenger signals, is
needed. We present detailed predictions of neutrino and gravitational wave
signals from 1D simulations of stellar core collapse, spanning the landscape of
core-collapse progenitors from $9-120\,\mathrm{M}_{\odot}$. In order to achieve
explosions in 1D, we use the STIR model, which includes the effects of
turbulence and convection in 1D supernova simulations to mimic the 3D explosion
mechanism. We study the gravitational wave emission from the 1D simulations
using an astroseismology analysis of the proto-neutron star. We find that the
neutrino and gravitational wave signals are strongly correlated with the
structure of the progenitor star and remnant compact object. Using these
correlations, future detections of the first few seconds of neutrino and
gravitational wave emission from a galactic core-collapse supernova may be able
to provide constraints on stellar evolution independent of pre-explosion
imaging and the mass of the compact object remnant prior to fallback accretion.
- Interference between the Atmospheric and Solar Oscillation Amplitudes
1912.02426 [abs] [pdf]
[abstract]
by Patrick Huber, Hisakazu Minakata, and Rebekah Pestes.
We propose to detect the interference effect between the atmospheric-scale
and solar-scale waves of neutrino oscillation, one of the key consequences of
the three-generation structure of leptons. In vacuum, we show that there is a
natural and general way of decomposing the oscillation amplitude into these two
oscillation modes. The nature of the interference is cleanest in the
$\bar{\nu}_e$ disappearance channel since it is free from the CP-phase
$\delta$. We find that the upcoming JUNO experiment offers an ideal setting to
observe this interference with more than $4\,\sigma$ significance, even under
conservative assumptions about the systematic uncertainties.
- Constraints on Dark Matter from the Moon
1912.00443 [abs] [pdf]
[abstract]
by Raghuveer Garani and Peter Tinyakov.
New and complimentary constraints are placed on the spin-independent
interactions of dark matter with baryonic matter. Similar to the Earth and
other planets, the Moon does not have any major internal heat source. We derive
constraints by comparing the rate of energy deposit by dark matter
annihilations in the Moon to 12 mW/m$^2$ as measured by the Apollo mission. For
light dark matter of mass $\mathcal{O}(10)$ GeV, we also examine the
possibility of dark matter annihilations in the Moon limb. In this case, we
place constraints by comparing the photon flux from such annihilations to that
of the Fermi-LAT measurement of $10^{-4}$ MeV/cm$^2$s. This analysis excludes
spin independent cross section $\gtrsim 10^{-37}$ $\rm{cm}^2$ for dark matter
mass between 30 and 50 GeV.
November 2019
- Lorentz violation footprints in the spectrum of high-energy cosmic
neutrinos: Deformation of the spectrum of superluminal neutrinos from
electron-positron pair production in vacuum
1911.12710 [abs] [pdf]
[abstract]
by J. M. Carmona, [and 3 more]J. L. Cortes, J. J. Relancio, and M. A. Reyes [hide authors].
The observation of cosmic neutrinos up to 2 PeV is used to put bounds on the
energy scale of Lorentz invariance violation through the loss of energy due to
the production of $e^+e^-$ pairs in the propagation of superluminal neutrinos.
A model to study this effect, which allows to understand qualitatively the
results of numerical simulations, is presented.
- A New Mask for An Old Suspect: Testing the Sensitivity of the Galactic
Center Excess to the Point Source Mask
1911.12369 [abs] [pdf]
[abstract]
by Yi-Ming Zhong, [and 3 more]Samuel D. McDermott, Ilias Cholis, and Patrick J. Fox [hide authors].
The Fermi-LAT collaboration has recently released a new point source catalog,
referred to as 4FGL. For the first time, we perform a template fit using
information from this new catalog and find that the Galactic center excess is
still present. On the other hand, we find that a wavelet-based search for point
sources is highly sensitive to the use of the 4FGL catalog: no excess of bright
regions on small angular scales is apparent when we mask out 4FGL point
sources. We postulate that the 4FGL catalog contains the large majority of
bright point sources that have previously been suggested to account for the
excess in gamma rays detected at the Galactic center in Fermi-LAT data.
Furthermore, after identifying which bright sources have no known counterpart,
we place constraints on the luminosity function necessary for point sources to
explain the smooth emission seen in the template fit.
- Non-negligible Oscillation Effects in the Crustal Geo-neutrino
Calculations
1911.12302 [abs] [pdf]
[abstract]
by Ran Han, Yu-Feng Li, and Xin Mao.
An accurate prediction of the geo-neutrino signal from the crust serves as a
necessary prerequisite in the determination of the geo-neutrino flux from the
mantle. In this work we report the non-negligible effect associated to the
exact three-flavor antineutrino survival probability in the calculation of the
crustal geo-neutrino signal, which was usually approximated as a constant
average in previous studies. A geo-neutrino signal underestimation of about 1-2
TNU is observed as a result of the oscillatory behaviour within the local
crustal region extending for about 300 km from the experimental site. We also
estimated that the Mikheyev-Smirnov-Wolfenstein matter oscillation is
responsible for a $0.1\%$-$0.3\%$ increase of the local crustal signal,
depending on the detector location. This work reminds that the exact
oscillation possibility in matter should be considered for future prediction of
the local crustal geo-neutrino signal.
- Detectability of SASI activity in supernova neutrino signals
1911.10656 [abs] [pdf]
[abstract]
by Zidu Lin, [and 4 more]Cecilia Lunardini, Michele Zanolin, Kei Kotake, and Colter Richardson [hide authors].
We introduce a novel methodology for establishing the presence of Standing
Accretion Shock Instabilities (SASI) in the dynamics of a core collapse
supernova from the observed neutrino event rate at water- or ice-based neutrino
detectors. The methodology uses a likelihood ratio in the frequency domain as a
test-statistics; it is also employed to assess the potential to estimate the
frequency and the amplitude of the SASI modulations of the neutrino signal. The
parameter estimation errors are consistent with the minimum possible errors as
evaluated from the inverse of the Fisher information matrix, and close to the
theoretical minimum for the SASI amplitude. Using results from a core-collapse
simulation of a 15 solar-mass star by Kuroda $\it {et\, al.}$ (2017) as a test
bed for the method, we find that SASI can be identified with high confidence
for a distance to the supernova of up to $\sim 6$ kpc for IceCube and and up to
$\sim 3$ kpc for a 0.4 Mt mass water Cherenkov detector. This methodology will
aid the investigation of a future galactic supernova.
- Estimation of Baryon Asymmetry from Dark Matter Decaying into IceCube
Neutrinos
1911.10148 [abs] [pdf]
[abstract]
by Tista Mukherjee, [and 3 more]Madhurima Pandey, Debasish Majumdar, and Ashadul Halder [hide authors].
The recent results of IceCube Neutrino Observatory include an excess of PeV
neutrino events which appear to follow a broken power law different from the
other lower energy neutrinos detected by IceCube. The possible astrophysical
source of these neutrinos is still unknown. One possible source of such
neutrinos could be the decay of non-thermal, long-living heavy mass Dark
Matter, whose mass should be $> 10^{6} \rm {GeV}$ and could have produced at
the very early Universe. They can undergo cascading decay via both hadronic and
leptonic channels to finally produce such high energy neutrinos. This
possibility has been explored in this work by studying the decay flux of these
Dark Matter candidates. The mass and lifetime of such Dark Matter particles
have been obtained by performing a $\chi^2$ fit with the PeV neutrino data of
IceCube. We finally estimate the baryon asymmetry produced in the Universe due
to such Dark Matter decay.
- Interplay between nonstandard and nuclear constraints in coherent
elastic neutrino-nucleus scattering experiments
1911.09831 [abs] [pdf]
[abstract]
by B. C. Canas, [and 4 more]E. A. Garces, O. G. Miranda, A. Parada, and G. Sanchez Garcia [hide authors].
New measurements of the coherent elastic neutrino-nucleus scattering (CEvNS)
are expected to be achieved in the near future by using two neutrino production
channels with different energy distributions: the very low energy electron
antineutrinos from reactor sources and the muon and electron neutrinos from
spallation neutron sources (SNS) with a relatively higher energy. Although
precise measurements of this reaction would allow an improved knowledge of
standard and beyond the Standard Model physics, it is important to distinguish
the different new contributions to the process. We illustrate this idea by
constraining the average neutron root mean square (rms) radius of the
scattering material, as a standard physics parameter, together with the
nonstandard interactions (NSI) contribution as the new physics formalism. We
show that the combination of experiments with different neutrino energy ranges
could give place to more robust constraints on these parameters as long as the
systematic errors are under control.
- Searching for non-unitary neutrino oscillations in the present T2K and
NO$ν$A data
1911.09398 [abs] [pdf]
[abstract]
by Luis Salvador Miranda, [and 3 more]Pedro Pasquini, Ushak Rahaman, and Soebur Razzaque [hide authors].
The mixing of three active neutrino flavors is parameterized by the unitary
PMNS matrix. If there are more than three neutrino flavors and if the extra
generations are heavy isosinglets, the effective $3\times 3$ mixing matrix for
the three active neutrinos will be non-unitary. We have analyzed the latest T2K
and \nova data with the hypothesis of non-unitary mixing of the active
neutrinos. We found that the 2019 NO$\nu$A data slightly (at $\sim 1\, \sigma$
C.L.) prefer the non-unitary mixing over unitary mixing. In fact, allowing the
non-unitary mixing brings the \nova best-fit point in the
$\sin^2\theta_{23}-\delta_{CP}$ plane closer to the T2K best-fit point. The
2019 T2K data, on the other hand, cannot rule out any of the two mixing
schemes. A combined analysis of the NO$\nu$A and T2K 2019 data prefers the
non-unitary mixing at $1\, \sigma$ C.L.. We derive constraints on the
non-unitary mixing parameters using the best-fit to the combined NO$\nu$A and
T2K data. These constraints are weaker than previously found. The latest 2020
data from both the experiments prefer non-unitarity over unitary mixing at $1\,
\sigma$ C.L. The combined analysis preferes non-unitarity at $2\, \sigma$ C.L.
The stronger tension, which exists between the latest 2020 data of the two
experiments, also gets reduced with non-unitary analysis.
- Improved global fit to Non-Standard neutrino Interactions using COHERENT
energy and timing data
1911.09109 [abs] [pdf]
[abstract]
by Pilar Coloma, [and 3 more]Ivan Esteban, M. C. Gonzalez-Garcia, and Michele Maltoni [hide authors].
We perform a global fit to neutrino oscillation and coherent neutrino-nucleus
scattering data, using both timing and energy information from the COHERENT
experiment. The results are used to set model-independent bounds on
four-fermion effective operators inducing non-standard neutral-current neutrino
interactions. We quantify the allowed ranges for their Wilson coefficients, as
well as the status of the LMA-D solution, for a wide class of new physics
models with arbitrary ratios between the strength of the operators involving up
and down quarks. Our results are presented for the COHERENT experiment alone,
as well as in combination with the global data from oscillation experiments. We
also quantify the dependence of our results for COHERENT with respect to the
choice of quenching factor, nuclear form factor, and the treatment of the
backgrounds.
- The hadronic light-by-light scattering contribution to the muon
anomalous magnetic moment from lattice QCD
1911.08123 [abs] [pdf]
[abstract]
by Thomas Blum, [and 6 more]Norman Christ, Masashi Hayakawa, Taku Izubuchi, Luchang Jin, Chulwoo Jung, and Christoph Lehner [hide authors].
We report the first result for the hadronic light-by-light scattering
contribution to the muon anomalous magnetic moment with all errors
systematically controlled. Several ensembles using 2+1 flavors of physical mass
M\"obius domain-wall fermions, generated by the RBC/UKQCD collaborations, are
employed to take the continuum and infinite volume limits of finite volume
lattice QED+QCD. We find $a_\mu^{\rm HLbL} =
7.87(3.06)_\text{stat}(1.77)_\text{sys}\times 10^{-10}$. Our value is
consistent with previous model results and leaves little room for this
notoriously difficult hadronic contribution to explain the difference between
the Standard Model and the BNL experiment.
- Search for Electron Antineutrino Appearance in a Long-baseline Muon
Antineutrino Beam
1911.07283 [abs] [pdf]
[abstract]
by K. Abe, [and 343 more]R. Akutsu, A. Ali, C. Alt, C. Andreopoulos, L. Anthony, M. Antonova, S. Aoki, A. Ariga, Y. Asada, Y. Ashida, E. T. Atkin, Y. Awataguchi, S. Ban, M. Barbi, G. J. Barker, G. Barr, D. Barrow, C. Barry, M. Batkiewicz-Kwasniak, A. Beloshapkin, F. Bench, V. Berardi, S. Berkman, L. Berns, S. Bhadra, S. Bienstock, A. Blondel, S. Bolognesi, B. Bourguille, S. B. Boyd, D. Brailsford, A. Bravar, D. Bravo Berguno, C. Bronner, A. Bubak, M. Buizza Avanzini, J. Calcutt, T. Campbell, S. Cao, S. L. Cartwright, M. G. Catanesi, A. Cervera, A. Chappell, C. Checchia, D. Cherdack, N. Chikuma, G. Christodoulou, J. Coleman, G. Collazuol, L. Cook, D. Coplowe, A. Cudd, A. Dabrowska, G. DeRosa, T. Dealtry, P. F. Denner, S. R. Dennis, C. Densham, F. DiLodovico, N. Dokania, S. Dolan, T. A. Doyle, O. Drapier, J. Dumarchez, P. Dunne, L. Eklund, S. Emery-Schrenk, A. Ereditato, P. Fernandez, T. Feusels, A. J. Finch, G. A. Fiorentini, G. Fiorillo, C. Francois, M. Friend, Y. Fujii, R. Fujita, D. Fukuda, R. Fukuda, Y. Fukuda, K. Fusshoeller, K. Gameil, C. Giganti, T. Golan, M. Gonin, A. Gorin, M. Guigue, D. R. Hadley, J. T. Haigh, P. Hamacher-Baumann, M. Hartz, T. Hasegawa, N. C. Hastings, T. Hayashino, Y. Hayato, A. Hiramoto, M. Hogan, J. Holeczek, N. T. HongVan, F. Iacob, A. K. Ichikawa, M. Ikeda, T. Ishida, T. Ishii, M. Ishitsuka, K. Iwamoto, A. Izmaylov, M. Jakkapu, B. Jamieson, S. J. Jenkins, C. Jesus-Valls, M. Jiang, S. Johnson, P. Jonsson, C. K. Jung, M. Kabirnezhad, A. C. Kaboth, T. Kajita, H. Kakuno, J. Kameda, D. Karlen, S. P. Kasetti, Y. Kataoka, T. Katori, Y. Kato, E. Kearns, M. Khabibullin, A. Khotjantsev, T. Kikawa, H. Kim, J. Kim, S. King, J. Kisiel, A. Knight, A. Knox, T. Kobayashi, L. Koch, T. Koga, A. Konaka, L. L. Kormos, Y. Koshio, A. Kostin, K. Kowalik, H. Kubo, Y. Kudenko, N. Kukita, S. Kuribayashi, R. Kurjata, T. Kutter, M. Kuze, L. Labarga, J. Lagoda, M. Lamoureux, M. Laveder, M. Lawe, M. Licciardi, T. Lindner, R. P. Litchfield, S. L. Liu, X. Li, A. Longhin, L. Ludovici, X. Lu, T. Lux, L. N. Machado, L. Magaletti, K. Mahn, M. Malek, S. Manly, L. Maret, A. D. Marino, L. Marti-Magro, J. F. Martin, T. Maruyama, T. Matsubara, K. Matsushita, V. Matveev, K. Mavrokoridis, E. Mazzucato, M. McCarthy, N. McCauley, K. S. McFarland, C. McGrew, A. Mefodiev, C. Metelko, M. Mezzetto, A. Minamino, O. Mineev, S. Mine, M. Miura, L. Molina Bueno, S. Moriyama, J. Morrison, Th. A. Mueller, L. Munteanu, S. Murphy, Y. Nagai, T. Nakadaira, M. Nakahata, Y. Nakajima, A. Nakamura, K. G. Nakamura, K. Nakamura, S. Nakayama, T. Nakaya, K. Nakayoshi, C. Nantais, T. V. Ngoc, K. Niewczas, K. Nishikawa, Y. Nishimura, T. S. Nonnenmacher, F. Nova, P. Novella, J. Nowak, J. C. Nugent, H. M. O'Keeffe, L. O'Sullivan, T. Odagawa, K. Okumura, T. Okusawa, S. M. Oser, R. A. Owen, Y. Oyama, V. Palladino, J. L. Palomino, V. Paolone, W. C. Parker, J. Pasternak, P. Paudyal, M. Pavin, D. Payne, G. C. Penn, L. Pickering, C. Pidcott, G. Pintaudi, E. S. PinzonGuerra, C. Pistillo, B. Popov, K. Porwit, M. Posiadala-Zezula, A. Pritchard, B. Quilain, T. Radermacher, E. Radicioni, B. Radics, P. N. Ratoff, E. Reinherz-Aronis, C. Riccio, E. Rondio, S. Roth, A. Rubbia, A. C. Ruggeri, C. A. Ruggles, A. Rychter, K. Sakashita, F. Sanchez, C. M. Schloesser, K. Scholberg, J. Schwehr, M. Scott, Y. Seiya, T. Sekiguchi, H. Sekiya, D. Sgalaberna, R. Shah, A. Shaikhiev, F. Shaker, A. Shaykina, M. Shiozawa, W. Shorrock, A. Shvartsman, A. Smirnov, M. Smy, J. T. Sobczyk, H. Sobel, F. J. P. Soler, Y. Sonoda, J. Steinmann, S. Suvorov, A. Suzuki, S. Y. Suzuki, Y. Suzuki, A. A. Sztuc, M. Tada, M. Tajima, A. Takeda, Y. Takeuchi, H. K. Tanaka, H. A. Tanaka, S. Tanaka, L. F. Thompson, W. Toki, C. Touramanis, T. Towstego, K. M. Tsui, T. Tsukamoto, M. Tzanov, Y. Uchida, W. Uno, M. Vagins, S. Valder, Z. Vallari, D. Vargas, G. Vasseur, C. Vilela, W. G. S. Vinning, T. Vladisavljevic, V. V. Volkov, T. Wachala, J. Walker, J. G. Walsh, Y. Wang, D. Wark, M. O. Wascko, A. Weber, R. Wendell, M. J. Wilking, C. Wilkinson, J. R. Wilson, R. J. Wilson, K. Wood, C. Wret, Y. Yamada, K. Yamamoto, C. Yanagisawa, G. Yang, T. Yano, K. Yasutome, S. Yen, N. Yershov, M. Yokoyama, T. Yoshida, M. Yu, A. Zalewska, J. Zalipska, K. Zaremba, G. Zarnecki, M. Ziembicki, E. D. Zimmerman, M. Zito, S. Zsoldos, and A. Zykova [hide authors].
Electron antineutrino appearance is measured by the T2K experiment in an
accelerator-produced antineutrino beam, using additional neutrino beam
operation to constrain parameters of the PMNS mixing matrix. T2K observes 15
candidate electron antineutrino events with a background expectation of 9.3
events. Including information from the kinematic distribution of observed
events, the hypothesis of no electron antineutrino appearance is disfavored
with a significance of 2.40{\sigma} and no discrepancy between data and PMNS
predictions is found. A complementary analysis that introduces an additional
free parameter which allows non-PMNS values of electron neutrino and
antineutrino appearance also finds no discrepancy between data and PMNS
predictions.
- Sensitivity of the COHERENT Experiment to Accelerator-Produced Dark
Matter
1911.06422 [abs] [pdf]
[abstract]
by COHERENT Collaboration, [and 77 more]D. Akimov, P. An, C. Awe, P. S. Barbeau, B. Becker, V. Belov, M. A. Blackston, A. Bolozdynya, B. Cabrera-Palmer, N. Chen, E. Conley, R. L. Cooper, J. Daughhetee, M. del Valle Coello, J. A. Detwiler, M. R. Durand, Y. Efremenko, S. R. Elliott, L. Fabris, M. Febbraro, W. Fox, A. Galindo-Uribarri, M. P. Green, K. S. Hansen, M. R. Heath, S. Hedges, T. Johnson, M. Kaemingk, L. J. Kaufman, A. Khromov, A. Konovalov, E. Kozlova, A. Kumpan, L. Li, J. T. Librande, J. M. Link, J. Liu, K. Mann, D. M. Markoff, H. Moreno, P. E. Mueller, J. Newby, D. S. Parno, S. Penttila, D. Pershey, D. Radford, R. Rapp, H. Ray, J. Raybern, O. Razuvaeva, D. Reyna, G. C. Rich, D. Rudik, J. Runge, D. J. Salvat, K. Scholberg, A. Shakirov, G. Simakov, G. Sinev, W. M. Snow, V. Sosnovtsev, B. Suh, R. Tayloe, K. Tellez-Giron-Flores, R. T. Thornton, I. Tolstukhin, J. Vanderwerp, R. L. Varner, C. J. Virtue, G. Visser, C. Wiseman, T. Wongjirad, J. Yang, Y. -R. Yen, J. Yoo, C. -H. Yu, and J. Zettlemoyer [hide authors].
The COHERENT experiment is well poised to test sub-GeV dark matter models
using low-energy recoil detectors sensitive to coherent elastic
neutrino-nucleus scattering (CEvNS) in the $\pi$-DAR neutrino beam produced by
the Spallation Neutron Source. We show how a planned 750-kg liquid argon
scintillation detector would place leading limits on scalar light dark matter
models, over two orders of magnitude of dark matter mass, for dark matter
particles produced through vector and leptophobic portals in the absence of
other effects beyond the standard model. The characteristic timing structure of
a $\pi$-DAR beam allows a unique opportunity for constraining systematic
uncertainties on the standard model background in a time window where signal is
not expected, enhancing expected sensitivity. Additionally, we discuss future
prospects, further increasing the discovery potential of CEvNS detectors. Such
methods would test the calculated thermal dark matter abundance for all
couplings $\alpha'\leq1$ within the vector portal model over an order of
magnitude of dark matter masses.
- Prospects of Measuring Oscillated Decay-at-Rest Neutrinos at Long
Baselines
1911.05088 [abs] [pdf]
[abstract]
by Roni Harnik, Kevin J. Kelly, and Pedro A. N. Machado.
In addition to the next generation of beam-based neutrino experiments and
their associated detectors, a number of intense, low-energy neutrino production
sources from decays at rest will be in operation. In this work, we explore the
physics opportunities with decay-at-rest neutrinos for complementary
measurements of oscillation parameters at long baselines. The J-PARC Spallation
Neutron Source, for example, will generate neutrinos from a variety of
decay-at-rest (DAR) processes, specifically those of pions, muons, and kaons.
Other proposed sources will produce large numbers of stopped pions and muons.
We demonstrate the ability of the upcoming Hyper-Kamiokande experiment to
detect the monochromatic kaon decay-at-rest neutrinos from J-PARC after they
have travelled several hundred kilometers and undergone oscillations. This
measurement will serve as a valuable cross-check in constraining our
understanding of neutrino oscillations in a new regime of neutrino energy and
baseline length. We also study the expected event rates from pion and muon DAR
neutrinos in liquid Argon and water detectors and their sensitivities to to the
CP violating phase $\delta_\mathrm{CP}$.
- Theia: An advanced optical neutrino detector
1911.03501 [abs] [pdf]
[abstract]
by M. Askins, [and 77 more]Z. Bagdasarian, N. Barros, E. W. Beier, E. Blucher, R. Bonventre, E. Callaghan, J. Caravaca, M. Diwan, S. T. Dye, J. Eisch, A. Elagin, T. Enqvist, V. Fischer, K. Frankiewicz, C. Grant, D. Guffanti, C. Hagner, A. Hallin, C. M. Jackson, R. Jiang, T. Kaptanoglu, J. R. Klein, Yu. G. Kolomensky, C. Kraus, F. Krennrich, T. Kutter, T. Lachenmaier, B. Land, K. Lande, J. G. Learned, V. Lozza, L. Ludhova, M. Malek, S. Manecki, J. Maneira, J. Maricic, J. Martyn, A. Mastbaum, C. Mauger, J. Napolitano, B. Naranjo, M. Nieslony, L. Oberauer, G. D. Orebi Gann, J. Ouellet, T. Pershing, S. T. Petcov, L. Picard, R. Rosero, M. Sanchez, J. Sawatzki, S. H. Seo, M. Smiley, M. Smy, A. Stahl, H. Steiger, M. R. Stock, H. Sunej, R. Svoboda, E. Tiras, W. Trzaska, M. Tzanov, M. Vagins, C. Vilela, Z. Wang, J. Wang, M. Wetstein, M. J. Wilking, L. Winslow, P. Wittich, B. Wonsak, E. Worcester, M. Wurm, G. Yang, M. Yeh, E. D. Zimmerman, and K. Zuber [hide authors].
New developments in liquid scintillators, high-efficiency, fast photon
detectors, and chromatic photon sorting have opened up the possibility for
building a large-scale detector that can discriminate between Cherenkov and
scintillation signals. Such a detector could exploit these two distinct signals
to observe particle direction and species using Cherenkov light while also
having the excellent energy resolution and low threshold of a scintillator
detector. Situated in a deep underground laboratory, and utilizing new
techniques in computing and reconstruction techniques, such a detector could
achieve unprecedented levels of background rejection, thus enabling a rich
physics program that would span topics in nuclear, high-energy, and
astrophysics, and across a dynamic range from hundreds of keV to many GeV. The
scientific program would include observations of low- and high-energy solar
neutrinos, determination of neutrino mass ordering and measurement of the
neutrino CP violating phase, observations of diffuse supernova neutrinos and
neutrinos from a supernova burst, sensitive searches for nucleon decay and,
ultimately, a search for NeutrinoLess Double Beta Decay (NLDBD) with
sensitivity reaching the normal ordering regime of neutrino mass phase space.
This paper describes Theia, a detector design that incorporates these new
technologies in a practical and affordable way to accomplish the science goals
described above. We consider two scenarios, one in which Theia would reside in
a cavern the size and shape of the caverns intended to be excavated for the
Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment (DUNE) which we call Theia 25, and a
larger 100 ktonne version (Theia 100) that could achieve an even broader and
more sensitive scientific program.
- Cosmological Dependence of Resonantly Produced Sterile Neutrinos
1911.03398 [abs] [pdf]
[abstract]
by Graciela B. Gelmini, Philip Lu, and Volodymyr Takhistov.
The detection of a sterile neutrino could constitute the first observation of
a particle that could have been produced before Big-Bang Nucleosynthesis (BBN),
and could provide information about the yet untested pre-BBN era. The
cosmological evolution in this era could be drastically different than
typically assumed in what constitutes the standard cosmology, as happens in a
variety of motivated particle models. In this work we assess the sensitivity to
different pre-BBN cosmologies in which entropy is conserved of 0.01 eV to 1 MeV
mass sterile neutrinos produced in the early Universe via resonant
active-sterile oscillations, which requires a large lepton asymmetry. We
identify mass ranges where it is possible to have two populations of the same
sterile neutrino, one with a colder and one with a hotter momentum spectra,
which is in principle an observable effect. Furthermore, we show the regions in
mass and mixing where fully resonant production (i.e. simultaneously coherent
and adiabatic) can occur. We find that in several of the cosmologies we
consider, including the standard one, for a lepton asymmetry larger than
$\sim10^{-4}$ fully resonantly produced sterile neutrinos in the eV-mass range
can evade all cosmological constraints.
- Sterile neutrinos with altered dispersion relations revisited
1911.02329 [abs] [pdf]
[abstract]
by G. Barenboim, [and 3 more]P. Martinez-Mirave, C. A. Ternes, and M. Tortola [hide authors].
In this paper we investigate neutrino oscillations with altered dispersion
relations in the presence of sterile neutrinos. Modified dispersion relations
represent an agnostic way to parameterize new physics. Models of this type have
been suggested to explain global neutrino oscillation data, including
deviations from the standard three-neutrino paradigm as observed by a few
experiments. We show that, unfortunately, in this type of models new tensions
arise turning them incompatible with global data.
- On The Decaying-Sterile Neutrino Solution to the Electron (Anti)Neutrino
Appearance Anomalies
1911.01447 [abs] [pdf]
[abstract]
by André de Gouvêa, [and 3 more]O. L. G. Peres, Suprabh Prakash, and G. V. Stenico [hide authors].
We explore the hypothesis that the unexplained data from LSND and MiniBooNE
are evidence for a new, heavy neutrino mass-eigenstate that mixes with the
muon-type neutrino and decays into an electron-type neutrino and a new, very
light scalar particle. We consider two different decay scenarios, one with
Majorana neutrinos, one with Dirac neutrinos; both fit the data equally well.
We find a reasonable, albeit not excellent, fit to the data of MiniBooNE and
LSND. The decaying-sterile-neutrino hypothesis, however, cleanly evades
constraints from disappearance searches and precision measurements of leptonic
meson decays, as long as $1~{\rm MeV}\gtrsim m_4\gtrsim 10$~keV. The SBN
program at Fermilab should be able to definitively test the
decaying-sterile-neutrino hypothesis.
- Decaying Sterile Neutrinos and the Short Baseline Oscillation Anomalies
1911.01427 [abs] [pdf]
[abstract]
by Mona Dentler, [and 3 more]Ivan Esteban, Joachim Kopp, and Pedro Machado [hide authors].
The MiniBooNE experiment has observed a significant excess of electron
neutrinos in a muon neutrino beam at source-detector distances too short to be
compatible with standard neutrino oscillations. The most straightforward
explanation for this signal in terms of oscillations between Standard Model
neutrinos and a new, sterile, neutrino, is disfavored by null results from
experiments looking for muon neutrino disappearance. Here, we discuss the
possibility that MiniBooNE data are instead explained by a sterile neutrino
that decays quickly back into active neutrinos plus a light boson. The flavor
composition of the secondary neutrinos is determined by the sterile neutrino
mixing angles, and we show that the data is best explained if the sterile
neutrino mixes mostly with electron neutrinos. The preferred range for the mass
of the sterile neutrino is between 100 eV and 1 keV. We argue that the model
can easily satisfy cosmological constraints because it has the "secret
interactions" mechanism built-in. Accommodating in addition to the MiniBooNE
anomaly also the LSND, reactor, and gallium anomalies is possible, but in this
case the model needs to be extended to avoid cosmological limits.
- Coherent Elastic Neutrino-Nucleus Scattering at the European Spallation
Source
1911.00762 [abs] [pdf]
[abstract]
by D. Baxter, [and 14 more]J. I. Collar, P. Coloma, C. E. Dahl, I. Esteban, P. Ferrario, J. J. Gomez-Cadenas, M. C. Gonzalez-Garcia, A. R. L. Kavner, C. M. Lewis, F. Monrabal, J. Muñoz Vidal, P. Privitera, K. Ramanathan, and J. Renner [hide authors].
The European Spallation Source (ESS), presently well on its way to
completion, will soon provide the most intense neutron beams for
multi-disciplinary science. Fortuitously, it will also generate the largest
pulsed neutrino flux suitable for the detection of Coherent Elastic
Neutrino-Nucleus Scattering (CE$\nu$NS), a process recently measured for the
first time at ORNL's Spallation Neutron Source. We describe innovative detector
technologies maximally able to profit from the order-of-magnitude increase in
neutrino flux provided by the ESS, along with their sensitivity to a rich
particle physics phenomenology accessible through high-statistics, precision
CE$\nu$NS measurements.
October 2019
- Neutrino clustering in the Milky Way and beyond
1910.13388 [abs] [pdf]
[abstract]
by P. Mertsch, [and 5 more]G. Parimbelli, P. F. de Salas, S. Gariazzo, J. Lesgourgues, and S. Pastor [hide authors].
The standard cosmological model predicts the existence of a Cosmic Neutrino
Background, which has not yet been observed directly. Some experiments aiming
at its detection are currently under development, despite the tiny kinetic
energy of the cosmological relic neutrinos, which makes this task incredibly
challenging. Since massive neutrinos are attracted by the gravitational
potential of our Galaxy, they can cluster locally. Neutrinos should be more
abundant at the Earth position than at an average point in the Universe. This
fact may enhance the expected event rate in any future experiment. Past
calculations of the local neutrino clustering factor only considered a
spherical distribution of matter in the Milky Way and neglected the influence
of other nearby objects like the Virgo cluster, although recent $N$-body
simulations suggest that the latter may actually be important. In this paper,
we adopt a back-tracking technique, well established in the calculation of
cosmic rays fluxes, to perform the first three-dimensional calculation of the
number density of relic neutrinos at the Solar System, taking into account not
only the matter composition of the Milky Way, but also the contribution of the
Andromeda galaxy and the Virgo cluster. The effect of Virgo is indeed found to
be relevant and to depend non-trivially on the value of the neutrino mass. Our
results show that the local neutrino density is enhanced by 0.53% for a
neutrino mass of 10 meV, 12% for 50 meV, 50% for 100 meV or 500% for 300 meV.
- Neutrino emission characteristics of black hole formation in
three-dimensional simulations of stellar collapse
1910.12971 [abs] [pdf]
[abstract]
by Laurie Walk, [and 4 more]Irene Tamborra, Hans-Thomas Janka, Alexander Summa, and Daniel Kresse [hide authors].
Neutrinos are unique probes of core-collapse supernova dynamics, especially
in the case of black hole (BH) forming stellar collapses, where the
electromagnetic emission may be faint or absent. By investigating two 3D
hydrodynamical simulations of BH-forming stellar collapses of mass 40 and 75
M_sun, we identify the physical processes preceding BH formation through
neutrinos, and forecast the neutrino signal expected in the existing IceCube
and Super-Kamiokande detectors, as well as in the future generation DUNE
facility. Prior to the abrupt termination of the neutrino signal corresponding
to BH formation, both models develop episodes of strong and long-lasting
activity by the spiral standing accretion shock instability (SASI). We find
that the spiral SASI peak in the Fourier power spectrum of the neutrino event
rate will be distinguishable at 3 sigma above the detector noise for distances
up to O(30) kpc in the most optimistic scenario, with IceCube having the
highest sensitivity. Interestingly, given the long duration of the spiral SASI
episodes, the spectrograms of the expected neutrino event rate carry clear
signs of the evolution of the blue spiral SASI frequency as a function of time,
as the shock radius and post-shock fluid velocity evolve. Due to the high
accretion luminosity and its large-amplitude SASI-induced modulations, any
contribution from asymmetric (dipolar or quadrupolar) neutrino emission
associated with the lepton emission self-sustained asymmetry (LESA) is far
subdominant in the neutrino signal.
- Probing dark matter signals in neutrino telescopes through angular power
spectrum
1910.12917 [abs] [pdf]
[abstract]
by Ariane Dekker, Marco Chianese, and Shin'ichiro Ando.
The hypothesis of two different components in the high-energy neutrino flux
observed with IceCube has been proposed to solve the tension among different
data-sets and to account for an excess of neutrino events at 100 TeV. In
addition to a standard astrophysical power-law component, the second component
might be explained by a different class of astrophysical sources, or more
intriguingly, might originate from decaying or annihilating dark matter. These
two scenarios can be distinguished thanks to the different expected angular
distributions of neutrino events. Neutrino signals from dark matter are indeed
expected to have some correlation with the extended galactic dark matter halo.
In this paper, we perform angular power spectrum analyses of simulated neutrino
sky maps to investigate the two-component hypothesis with a contribution from
dark matter. We provide current constraints and expected sensitivity to dark
matter parameters for future neutrino telescopes such as IceCube-Gen2 and
KM3NeT. The latter is found to be more sensitive than IceCube-Gen2 to look for
a dark matter signal at low energies towards the galactic center. Finally, we
show that after 10 years of data-taking, they will firmly probe the current
best-fit scenario for decaying dark matter by exploiting the angular
information only.
- Why matter effects matter for JUNO
1910.12900 [abs] [pdf]
[abstract]
by Amir N. Khan, Hiroshi Nunokawa, and Stephen J. Parke.
In this paper we focus on the Earth matter effects for the solar parameter
determination by a medium baseline reactor experiment such as JUNO. We derive
perturbative expansions for the mixing angles $\theta_{12}$ and $\theta_{13}$
as well as the $\Delta m^2_{21}$ and $\Delta m^2_{31}$ in terms of the matter
potential relevant for JUNO. These expansions, up to second order in the matter
potential, while simple, allow one to calculate the electron antineutrino
survival probability to a precision much better than needed for the JUNO
experiment. We use these perturbative expansions to semi-analytically explain
and confirm the shift caused by the matter effects on the solar neutrino mixing
parameters $\theta_{12}$ and $\Delta m^2_{21}$ which were previously obtained
by a purely numerical $\chi^2$ analysis. Since these shifts do not satisfy the
naive expectations and are significant given the precision that can be achieved
by the JUNO experiment, a totally independent cross check using a completely
different method is of particular importance. We find that these matter effect
shifts do not depend on any of the details of the detector characteristics
apart from the baseline and earth mass density between reactor(s) and detector,
but do depend on the normalized product of reactor neutrino spectrum times the
inverse-beta decay cross-section. The results of this manuscript suggests an
alternative analysis method for measuring $\sin^2 \theta_{12}$ and $\Delta
m^2_{21}$ in JUNO which would be a useful cross check of the standard analysis
and for the understanding of the Wolfenstein matter effect. The explanation of
these shifts together with a quantitative understanding, using a
semi-analytical method, is the principal purpose of this paper.
- Observation of Radar Echoes From High-Energy Particle Cascades
1910.12830 [abs] [pdf]
[abstract]
by S. Prohira, [and 17 more]K. D. de Vries, P. Allison, J. Beatty, D. Besson, A. Connolly, N. van Eijndhoven, C. Hast, C. -Y Kuo, U. A. Latif, T. Meures, J. Nam, A. Nozdrina, J. P. Ralston, Z. Riesen, C. Sbrocco, J. Torres, and S. Wissel [hide authors].
We report the observation of radar echoes from the ionization trails of
high-energy particle cascades. These data were taken at the SLAC National
Accelerator Laboratory, where the full electron beam ($\sim$10$^9$ e$^-$ at
$\sim$10 GeV/e$^-$) was directed into a plastic target to simulate an ultra
high-energy neutrino interaction. This target was interrogated with radio
waves, and coherent radio reflections from the cascades were detected, with
properties consistent with theoretical expectations. This is the first
definitive observation of radar echoes from high-energy particle cascades,
which may lead to a viable neutrino detection technology for energies $\gtrsim
10^{16}$ eV.
- Grand Unified Neutrino Spectrum at Earth: Sources and Spectral
Components
1910.11878 [abs] [pdf]
[abstract]
by Edoardo Vitagliano, Irene Tamborra, and Georg Raffelt.
We briefly review the dominant neutrino fluxes at Earth from different
sources and present the Grand Unified Neutrino Spectrum ranging from meV to PeV
energies. For each energy band and source, we discuss both theoretical
expectations and experimental data. This compact review should be useful as a
brief reference to those interested in neutrino astronomy, fundamental particle
physics, dark-matter detection, high-energy astrophysics, geophysics, and other
related topics.
- Heavy sterile neutrino emission in core-collapse supernovae: Constraints
and signatures
1910.10249 [abs] [pdf]
[abstract]
by Leonardo Mastrototaro, [and 3 more]Alessandro Mirizzi, Pasquale Dario Serpico, and Arman Esmaili [hide authors].
Heavy sterile neutrinos with masses ${\mathcal O}(100)$ MeV mixing with
active neutrinos can be produced in the core of a collapsing supernova (SN). In
order to avoid an excessive energy loss, shortening the observed duration of
the SN 1987A neutrino burst, we show that the active-sterile neutrino mixing
angle should satisfy $\sin^2 \theta \lesssim 5 \times 10^{-7}$. For a mixing
with tau flavour, this bound is much stronger than the ones from laboratory
searches. Moreover, we show that in the viable parameter space the decay of
such "heavy" sterile neutrinos in the SN envelope would lead to a very
energetic flux of daughter active neutrinos; if not too far below current
limits, this would be detectable in large underground neutrino observatories,
like Super-Kamiokande, as a (slightly time-delayed) high-energy bump in the
spectrum of a forthcoming Galactic SN event.
- CP violation and circular polarisation in neutrino radiative decay
1910.08558 [abs] [pdf]
[abstract]
by Shyam Balaji, Maura Ramirez-Quezada, and Ye-Ling Zhou.
The radiative decay of neutral fermions has been studied for decades but $CP$
violation induced within such a paradigm has evaded attention. $CP$ violation
in these processes can produce an asymmetry between circularly polarised
directions of the radiated photons and produces an important source of net
circular polarisation in particle and astroparticle physics observables. The
results presented in this work outlines the general connection between $CP$
violation and circular polarisation for both Dirac and Majorana fermions and
can be used for any class of models that produce such radiative decays. The
total $CP$ violation is calculated based on a widely studied Yukawa interaction
considered in both active and sterile neutrino radiative decay scenarios as
well as searches for dark matter via direct detection and collider signatures.
Finally, the phenomenological implications of the formalism on keV sterile
neutrino decay, leptogenesis-induced right-handed neutrino radiative decay and
IceCube-driven heavy dark matter decay are discussed.
- Dirac and Majorana neutrino signatures of primordial black holes
1910.07864 [abs] [pdf]
[abstract]
by Cecilia Lunardini and Yuber F. Perez-Gonzalez.
We study Primordial Black Holes (PBHs) as sources of massive neutrinos via
Hawking radiation. Under the hypothesis that black holes emit neutrino mass
eigenstates, we describe quantitatively how the PBH evolution and lifetime is
affected by the mass and fermionic -- Dirac or Majorana -- nature of neutrinos.
In the case of Dirac neutrinos, PBHs radiate right-handed and left-handed
neutrinos in equal amounts, thus possibly increasing the effective number of
neutrino species, $N_{\rm eff}$. Assuming an initially monochromatic PBH mass
spectrum, with the initial mass $M_i$ related to the particle horizon mass, and
considering the current constraint on $N_{\rm eff}$, we derive a bound on the
initial PBH fraction $\beta^\prime$ in the interval $4.3\times 10^7\ {\rm
g}\lesssim M_i \lesssim 10^9$ g. Future measurements of $N_{\rm eff}$ may be
able to constraint the initial fraction for black hole masses as low as 1 g. If
an excess in $N_{\rm eff}$ is found, PBHs with Dirac neutrinos could provide a
minimal explanation of it. For example, for $10^7\ {\rm g} \lesssim M_i\lesssim
10^9$ g and $\beta^\prime \gtrsim 10^{-13}$, an excess radiation at the level
of $0.2\lesssim \Delta N_{\rm eff}\lesssim 0.37$ is produced, which can
alleviate the tension of the Hubble parameter measurements. Finally, we obtain
the diffuse flux of right-helical neutrinos from PBHs at the Earth, and show
that their detection in a PTOLEMY-like detector (using neutrino capture on
tritium) would be difficult.
- Search for Astronomical Neutrinos from Blazar TXS0506+056 in
Super-Kamiokande
1910.07680 [abs] [pdf]
[abstract]
by K. Hagiwara, [and 172 more]K. Abe, C. Bronner, Y. Hayato, M. Ikeda, H. Ito, J. Kameda, Y. Kataoka, Y. Kato, Y. Kishimoto, Ll. Marti, M. Miura, S. Moriyama, T. Mochizuki, M. Nakahata, Y. Nakajima, S. Nakayama, T. Okada, K. Okamoto, A. Orii, G. Pronost, H. Sekiya, M. Shiozawa, Y. Sonoda, A. Takeda, A. Takenaka, H. Tanaka, T. Yano, R. Akutsu, T. Kajita, K. Okumura, R. Wang, J. Xia, D. Bravo-Berguno, L. Labarga, P. Fernandez, F. d. M. Blaszczyk, E. Kearns, J. L. Raaf, J. L. Stone, L. Wan, T. Wester, J. Bian, N. J. Griskevich, W. R. Kropp, S. Locke, S. Mine, M. B. Smy, H. W. Sobel, V. Takhistov, P. Weatherly, K. S. Ganezer, J. Hill, J. Y. Kim, I. T. Lim, R. G. Park, B. Bodur, K. Scholberg, C. W. Walter, A. Coffani, O. Drapier, M. Gonin, Th. A. Mueller, P. Paganini, T. Ishizuka, T. Nakamura, J. S. Jang, J. G. Learned, S. Matsuno, R. P. Litchfield, A. A. Sztuc, Y. Uchida, V. Berardi, N. F. Calabria, M. G. Catanesi, E. Radicioni, G. De Rosa, G. Collazuol, F. Iacob, L. Ludovici, Y. Nishimura, S. Cao, M. Friend, T. Hasegawa, T. Ishida, T. Kobayashi, T. Nakadaira, K. Nakamura, Y. Oyama, K. Sakashita, T. Sekiguchi, T. Tsukamoto, M. Hasegawa, Y. Isobe, H. Miyabe, Y. Nakano, T. Shiozawa, T. Sugimoto, A. T. Suzuki, Y. Takeuchi, A. Ali, Y. Ashida, S. Hirota, M. Jiang, T. Kikawa, M. Mori, KE. Nakamura, T. Nakaya, R. A. Wendell, L. H. V. Anthony, N. McCauley, A. Pritchard, K. M. Tsui, Y. Fukuda, Y. Itow, T. Niwa, M. Taani, M. Tsukada, P. Mijakowski, K. Frankiewicz, C. K. Jung, C. Vilela, M. J. Wilking, C. Yanagisawa, D. Fukuda, M. Harada, T. Horai, H. Ishino, S. Ito, Y. Koshio, M. Sakuda, Y. Takahira, C. Xu, Y. Kuno, L. Cook, C. Simpson, D. Wark, F. Di Lodovico, S. Molina Sedgwick, B. Richards, S. Zsoldos, S. B. Kim, M. Thiesse, L. Thompson, H. Okazawa, Y. Choi, K. Nishijima, M. Koshiba, M. Yokoyama, A. Goldsack, K. Martens, B. Quilain, Y. Suzuki, M. R. Vagins, M. Kuze, M. Tanaka, T. Yoshida, M. Ishitsuka, R. Matsumoto, K. Ohta, J. F. Martin, C. M. Nantais, H. A. Tanaka, T. Towstego, M. Hartz, A. Konaka, P. de Perio, S. Chen, B. Jamieson, J. Walker, A. Minamino, K. Okamoto, and G. Pintaudi [hide authors].
We report a search for astronomical neutrinos in the energy region from
several GeV to TeV in the direction of the blazar TXS0506+056 using the
Super-Kamiokande detector following the detection of a 100 TeV neutrino from
the same location by the IceCube collaboration. Using Super-Kamiokande neutrino
data across several data samples observed from April 1996 to February 2018 we
have searched for both a total excess above known backgrounds across the entire
period as well as localized excesses on smaller time scales in that interval.
No significant excess nor significant variation in the observed event rate are
found in the blazar direction. Upper limits are placed on the electron and muon
neutrino fluxes at 90\% confidence level as $6.03 \times 10^{-7}$ and $4.52
\times 10^{-7}$ to $9.26 \times 10^{-10}$ [${\rm erg}/{\rm cm}^2/{\rm s}$],
respectively.
- The viability of the 3+1 neutrino model in the supernova neutrino
process
1910.04984 [abs] [pdf]
[abstract]
by Heamin Ko, [and 3 more]Dukjae Jang, Motohiko Kusakabe, and Myung-Ki Cheoun [hide authors].
Adopting the 3+1 neutrino mixing parameters by the IceCube and shortbase line
experiments, we investigate the sterile-active neutrino oscillation effects on
the supernova neutrino process. For the sterile neutrino ($\nu_s$), we study
two different luminosity models. First, we presume that the $\nu_s$ does not
interact with other particles through the standard interactions apart from the
oscillation with the active neutrinos. Second, we consider that $\nu_s$ can be
directly produced by $\nu_e$ scattering with matter. In both cases, we find
that the pattern of neutrino oscillations can be changed drastically by the
$\nu_s$ in supernova environments. Especially multiple resonances occur, and
consequently affect thermal neutrino-induced reaction rates. As a result,
$^7$Li, $^7$Be, $^{11}$B, $^{11}$C, $^{92}$Nb, $^{98}$Tc and $^{138}$La yields
in the $\nu$-process are changed. Among those nuclei, $^7$Li and $^{11}$B
yields can be constrained by the analysis of observed SiC X grains. Based on
the meteoritic data, we conclude that the second model can be allowed while
first model is excluded. The viability of the second model depends on the
sterile neutrino temperature and the neutrino mass hierarchy.
- Search for light mediators in the low-energy data of the CONNIE reactor
neutrino experiment
1910.04951 [abs] [pdf]
[abstract]
by Alexis Aguilar-Arevalo, [and 25 more]Xavier Bertou, Carla Bonifazi, Gustavo Cancelo, Brenda A. Cervantes-Vergara, Claudio Chavez, Juan C. D'Olivo, João C. dos Anjos, Juan Estrada, Aldo R. Fernandes Neto, Guillermo Fernandez-Moroni, Ana Foguel, Richard Ford, Federico Izraelevitch, Ben Kilminster, H. P. Lima Jr, Martin Makler, Jorge Molina, Philipe Mota, Irina Nasteva, Eduardo Paolini, Carlos Romero, Youssef Sarkis, Miguel Sofo-Haro, Javier Tiffenberg, and Christian Torres [hide authors].
The CONNIE experiment is located at a distance of 30 m from the core of a
commercial nuclear reactor, and has collected a 3.7 kg-day exposure using a CCD
detector array sensitive to an $\sim$1 keV threshold for the study of coherent
neutrino-nucleus elastic scattering. Here we demonstrate the potential of this
low-energy neutrino experiment as a probe for physics Beyond the Standard
Model, by using the recently published results to constrain two simplified
extensions of the Standard Model with light mediators. We compare the new
limits with those obtained for the same models using neutrinos from the
Spallation Neutron Source. Our new constraints represent the best limits for
these simplified models among the experiments searching for CE$\nu$NS for a
light vector mediator with mass $M_{Z^{\prime}}<$ 10 MeV, and for a light
scalar mediator with mass $M_{\phi}<$ 30 MeV. These results constitute the
first use of the CONNIE data as a probe for physics Beyond the Standard Model.
- Dodelson-Widrow Mechanism In the Presence of Self-Interacting Neutrinos
1910.04901 [abs] [pdf]
[abstract]
by André de Gouvêa, [and 3 more]Manibrata Sen, Walter Tangarife, and Yue Zhang [hide authors].
keV-scale gauge-singlet fermions, allowed to mix with the active neutrinos,
are elegant dark matter (DM) candidates. They are produced in the early
universe via the Dodelson-Widrow mechanism and can be detected as they decay
very slowly, emitting X-rays. In the absence of new physics, this hypothesis is
virtually ruled out by astrophysical observations. Here, we show that new
interactions among the active neutrinos allow these sterile neutrinos to make
up all the DM while safely evading all current experimental bounds. The
existence of these new neutrino interactions may manifest itself in
next-generation experiments, including DUNE.
- Consistent QFT description of non-standard neutrino interactions
1910.02971 [abs] [pdf]
[abstract]
by Adam Falkowski, Martín González-Alonso, and Zahra Tabrizi.
Neutrino oscillations are precision probes of new physics beyond the Standard
Model. Apart from neutrino masses and mixings, they are also sensitive to
possible deviations of low-energy interactions between quarks and leptons from
the Standard Model predictions. In this paper we develop a systematic
description of such non-standard interactions (NSI) in oscillation experiments
within the quantum field theory framework. We calculate the event rate and
oscillation probability in the presence of general NSI, starting from the
effective field theory (EFT) in which new physics modifies the flavor or
Lorentz structure of charged-current interactions between leptons and quarks.
We also provide the matching between the EFT Wilson coefficients and the widely
used simplified quantum-mechanical approach, where new physics is encoded in a
set of production and detection NSI parameters. Finally, we discuss the
consistency conditions for the standard NSI approach to correctly reproduce the
quantum field theory result.
- Astronomy in a Low-Carbon Future
1910.01272 [abs] [pdf]
[abstract]
by Christopher D. Matzner, [and 14 more]Nicolas B. Cowan, René Doyon, Vincent Hénault-Brunet, David Lafrenère, Martine Lokken, Peter G. Martin, Sharon Morsink, Magdalen Normandeau, Nathalie Ouellette, Mubdi Rahman, Joel Roediger, James Taylor, Rob Thacker, and Marten van Kerkwijk [hide authors].
The global climate crisis poses new risks to humanity, and with them, new
challenges to the practices of professional astronomy. Avoiding the more
catastrophic consequences of global warming by more than 1.5 degrees requires
an immediate reduction of greenhouse gas emissions. According to the 2018
United Nations Intergovernmental Panel report, this will necessitate a 45%
reduction of emissions by 2030 and net-zero emissions by 2050. Efforts are
required at all levels, from the individual to the governmental, and every
discipline must find ways to achieve these goals. This will be especially
difficult for astronomy with its significant reliance on conference and
research travel, among other impacts. However, our long-range planning
exercises provide the means to coordinate our response on a variety of levels.
We have the opportunity to lead by example, rising to the challenge rather than
reacting to external constraints.
We explore how astronomy can meet the challenge of a changing climate in
clear and responsible ways, such as how we set expectations (for ourselves, our
institutions, and our granting agencies) around scientific travel, the
organization of conferences, and the design of our infrastructure. We also
emphasize our role as reliable communicators of scientific information on a
problem that is both human and planetary in scale.
September 2019
- Observing EeV neutrinos through the Earth: GZK and the anomalous ANITA
events
1909.10487 [abs] [pdf]
[abstract]
by Ibrahim Safa, [and 6 more]Alex Pizzuto, Carlos Argüelles, Francis Halzen, Raamis Hussain, Ali Kheirandish, and Justin Vandenbroucke [hide authors].
Tau neutrinos are unique cosmic messengers, especially at extreme energies.
When they undergo a charged-current interaction, the short lifetime of the
produced tau gives rise to secondary tau neutrinos that carry a significant
fraction of the primary neutrino energy. This effect, known as tau neutrino
regeneration, has not been applied to its full potential in current generation
neutrino experiments. In this work, we present an updated calculation of tau
neutrino regeneration, and explore its implications for two scenarios: the
recent anomalous ANITA events and the cosmogenic neutrino flux. For the former,
we investigate the idea of localized emission and find that the maximum
secondary neutrino flux allowed by IceCube measurements implies a primary flux
that is incompatible with the ANITA observation, regardless of the assumed
source energy spectrum. For the latter, we study the prospect of detecting the
cosmogenic neutrino flux of regenerated PeV neutrinos with current and next
generation neutrino detectors.
- Neutrino Oscillations in Dark Matter
1909.10478 [abs] [pdf]
[abstract]
by Ki-Young Choi, Eung Jin Chun, and Jongkuk Kim.
We study neutrino oscillations in a medium of dark matter which generalizes
the standard matter effect. A general formula is derived to describe the effect
of various mediums and their mediators to neutrinos. Neutrinos and
anti-neutrinos receive opposite contributions from asymmetric distribution of
(dark) matter and anti-matter, and thus it could appear in precision
measurement of neutrino or anti-neutrino oscillations. Furthermore, the
standard neutrino oscillation can occur from the symmetric dark matter effect
even for massless neutrinos.
- Reevaluating Reactor Antineutrino Anomalies with Updated Flux
Predictions
1909.09267 [abs] [pdf]
[abstract]
by Jeffrey Berryman and Patrick Huber.
Hints for the existence of a sterile neutrino at nuclear reactors are
reexamined using two updated predictions for the fluxes of antineutrinos
produced in fissions. These new predictions diverge in their preference for the
rate deficit anomaly, relative to previous analyses, but the anomaly in the
ratios of measured antineutrino spectra persists. We comment on upcoming
experiments and their ability to probe the preferred region of the
sterile-neutrino parameter space in the electron neutrino disappearance
channel.
- Cosmic Ray Small-Scale Anisotropies in Quasi-Linear Theory
1909.09052 [abs] [pdf]
[abstract]
by Philipp Mertsch and Markus Ahlers.
The distribution of arrival directions of cosmic rays is remarkably
isotropic, which is a consequence of their repeated scattering in magnetic
fields. Yet, high-statistics observatories like IceCube and HAWC have revealed
the presence of small-scale structures at levels of 1 part in 10,000 at
hundreds of TeV, which are not expected in typical diffusion models of cosmic
rays. We follow up on the suggestion that these small-scale anisotropies are a
result of cosmic ray streaming in a particular realisation of the turbulent
magnetic field within a few scattering lengths in our local Galactic
neighbourhood. So far, this hypothesis has been investigated mostly
numerically, by tracking test particles through turbulent magnetic fields. For
the first time, we present an analytical computation that through a
perturbative approach allows predicting the angular power spectrum of cosmic
ray arrival directions for a given model of turbulence. We illustrate this
method for a simple, isotropic turbulence model and we find remarkable
agreement with the results of numerical studies.
- Explaining the ANITA events by a $L_e-L_τ$ gauge model
1909.07995 [abs] [pdf]
[abstract]
by Arman Esmaili and Yasaman Farzan.
The ANITA experiment has registered two anomalous events that can be
interpreted as $\nu_\tau$ or $\bar{\nu}_\tau$ with a very high energy of
$\mathcal{O}(0.6)$~EeV emerging from deep inside the Earth. At such high
energies, the Earth is opaque to neutrinos so the emergence of these neutrinos
at such large zenith angles is a mystery. In our paper, we present a model that
explains the two anomalous events through a $L_e -L_\tau$ gauge interaction
involving two new Weyl fermions charged under the new gauge symmetry. We find
that, as a bonus of the model, the lighter Weyl fermion can be a dark matter
component. We discuss how the ANITA observation can be reconciled with the
IceCube and Auger upper bounds. We also demonstrate how this model can be
tested in future by collider experiments.
- Wolfenstein potentials for neutrinos induced by ultra-light mediators
1909.07505 [abs] [pdf]
[abstract]
by Alexei Yu. Smirnov and Xun-Jie Xu.
New physics can emerge at low energy scales, involving very light and very
weakly interacting new particles. These particles can mediate interactions
between neutrinos and usual matter and contribute to the Wolfenstein potential
relevant for neutrino oscillations. We compute the Wolfenstein potential in the
presence of ultra-light scalar and vector mediators and study the dependence of
the potential on the mediator mass $m_A$, taking the finite size of matter
distribution (Earth, Sun, supernovae) into consideration. For ultra-light
mediators with $m_{A}^{-1}$ comparable to the size of the medium ($R$), the
usual $m_{A}^{-2}$ dependence of the potential is modified. In particular, when
$m_{A}^{-1}\gg R$, the potential does not depend on $m_{A}$. Taking into
account existing bounds on light mediators, we find that for the scalar case
significant effects on neutrino propagation are not possible, while for the
vector case large matter effects are allowed for $m_{A} \in [2\times10^{-17}$,
$4\times10^{-14}]$ eV and the gauge coupling $g\sim 10^{-25}$.
- An improved upper limit on the neutrino mass from a direct kinematic
method by KATRIN
1909.06048 [abs] [pdf]
[abstract]
by M. Aker, [and 208 more]K. Altenmüller, M. Arenz, M. Babutzka, J. Barrett, S. Bauer, M. Beck, A. Beglarian, J. Behrens, T. Bergmann, U. Besserer, K. Blaum, F. Block, S. Bobien, K. Bokeloh, J. Bonn, B. Bornschein, L. Bornschein, H. Bouquet, T. Brunst, T. S. Caldwell, L. La Cascio, S. Chilingaryan, W. Choi, T. J. Corona, K. Debowski, M. Deffert, M. Descher, P. J. Doe, O. Dragoun, G. Drexlin, J. A. Dunmore, S. Dyba, F. Edzards, L. Eisenblätter, K. Eitel, E. Ellinger, R. Engel, S. Enomoto, M. Erhard, D. Eversheim, M. Fedkevych, A. Felden, S. Fischer, B. Flatt, J. A. Formaggio, F. M. Fränkle, G. B. Franklin, H. Frankrone, F. Friedel, D. Fuchs, A. Fulst, D. Furse, K. Gauda, H. Gemmeke, W. Gil, F. Glück, S. Görhardt, S. Groh, S. Grohmann, R. Grössle, R. Gumbsheimer, M. Ha Minh, M. Hackenjos, V. Hannen, F. Harms, J. Hartmann, N. Haußmann, F. Heizmann, K. Helbing, S. Hickford, D. Hilk, B. Hillen, D. Hillesheimer, D. Hinz, T. Höhn, B. Holzapfel, S. Holzmann, T. Houdy, M. A. Howe, A. Huber, A. Jansen, A. Kaboth, C. Karl, O. Kazachenko, J. Kellerer, N. Kernert, L. Kippenbrock, M. Kleesiek, M. Klein, C. Köhler, L. Köllenberger, A. Kopmann, M. Korzeczek, A. Kosmider, A. Kovalí, B. Krasch, M. Kraus, H. Krause, L. Kuckert, B. Kuffner, N. Kunka, T. Lasserre, T. L. Le, O. Lebeda, M. Leber, B. Lehnert, J. Letnev, F. Leven, S. Lichter, V. M. Lobashev, A. Lokhov, M. Machatschek, E. Malcherek, K. Müller, M. Mark, A. Marsteller, E. L. Martin, C. Melzer, A. Menshikov, S. Mertens, L. I. Minter, S. Mirz, B. Monreal, P. I. Morales Guzman, K. Müller, U. Naumann, W. Ndeke, H. Neumann, S. Niemes, M. Noe, N. S. Oblath, H. -W. Ortjohann, A. Osipowicz, B. Ostrick, E. Otten, D. S. Parno, D. G. Phillips II, P. Plischke, A. Pollithy, A. W. P. Poon, J. Pouryamout, M. Prall, F. Priester, M. Röllig, C. Röttele, P. C. -O. Ranitzsch, O. Rest, R. Rinderspacher, R. G. H. Robertson, C. Rodenbeck, P. Rohr, Ch. Roll, S. Rupp, M. Rysavy, R. Sack, A. Saenz, P. Schäfer, L. Schimpf, K. Schlösser, M. Schlösser, L. Schlüter, H. Schön, K. Schönung, M. Schrank, B. Schulz, J. Schwarz, H. Seitz-Moskaliuk, W. Seller, V. Sibille, D. Siegmann, A. Skasyrskaya, M. Slezak, A. Spalek, F. Spanier, M. Steidl, N. Steinbrink, M. Sturm, M. Suesser, M. Sun, D. Tcherniakhovski, H. H. Telle, T. Thümmler, L. A. Thorne, N. Titov, I. Tkachev, N. Trost, K. Urban, D. Venos, K. Valerius, B. A. VanDevender, R. Vianden, A. P. Vizcaya Hernandez, B. L. Wall, S. Wüstling, M. Weber, C. Weinheimer, C. Weiss, S. Welte, J. Wendel, K. J. Wierman, J. F. Wilkerson, J. Wolf, W. Xu, Y. -R. Yen, M. Zacher, S. Zadorozhny, M. Zboril, and G. Zeller [hide authors].
We report on the neutrino mass measurement result from the first four-week
science run of the Karlsruhe Tritium Neutrino experiment KATRIN in spring 2019.
Beta-decay electrons from a high-purity gaseous molecular tritium source are
energy analyzed by a high-resolution MAC-E filter. A fit of the integrated
electron spectrum over a narrow interval around the kinematic endpoint at 18.57
keV gives an effective neutrino mass square value of $(-1.0^{+0.9}_{-1.1})$
eV$^2$. From this we derive an upper limit of 1.1 eV (90$\%$ confidence level)
on the absolute mass scale of neutrinos. This value coincides with the KATRIN
sensitivity. It improves upon previous mass limits from kinematic measurements
by almost a factor of two and provides model-independent input to cosmological
studies of structure formation.
- First Constraint on Coherent Elastic Neutrino-Nucleus Scattering in
Argon
1909.05913 [abs] [pdf]
[abstract]
by COHERENT Collaboration, [and 79 more]D. Akimov, J. B. Albert, P. An, C. Awe, P. S. Barbeau, B. Becker, V. Belov, M. A. Blackston, A. Bolozdynya, B. Cabrera-Palmer, M. Cervantes, J. I. Collar, R. L. Cooper, J. Daughhetee, M. del Valle Coello, J. A. Detwiler, M. D'Onofrio, Y. Efremenko, E. M. Erkela, S. R. Elliott, L. Fabris, M. Febbraro, W. Fox, A. Galindo-Uribarri, M. P. Green, K. S. Hansen, M. R. Heath, S. Hedges, T. Johnson, M. Kaemingk, L. J. Kaufman, A. Khromov, A. Konovalov, E. Kozlova, A. Kumpan, L. Li, J. T. Librande, J. M. Link, J. Liu, K. Mann, D. M. Markoff, H. Moreno, P. E. Mueller, J. Newby, D. S. Parno, S. Penttila, D. Pershey, D. Radford, R. Rapp, H. Ray, J. Raybern, O. Razuvaeva, D. Reyna, G. C. Rich, D. Rudik, J. Runge, D. J. Salvat, K. Scholberg, A. Shakirov, G. Simakov, G. Sinev, W. M. Snow, V. Sosnovtsev, B. Suh, R. Tayloe, K. Tellez-Giron-Flores, R. T. Thornton, I. Tolstukhin, J. Vanderwerp, R. L. Varner, C. J. Virtue, G. Visser, C. Wiseman, T. Wongjirad, J. Yang, Y. -R. Yen, J. Yoo, C. -H. Yu, and J. Zettlemoyer [hide authors].
Coherent elastic neutrino-nucleus scattering (CEvNS) is the dominant neutrino
scattering channel for neutrinos of energy $E_\nu < 100$ MeV. We report a limit
for this process using data collected in an engineering run of the 29 kg
CENNS-10 liquid argon detector located 27.5 m from the Oak Ridge National
Laboratory Spallation Neutron Source (SNS) Hg target with $4.2\times 10^{22}$
protons on target. The dataset yielded $< 7.4$ observed CEvNS events implying a
cross section for the process, averaged over the SNS pion decay-at-rest flux,
of $<3.4 \times 10^{-39}$ cm$^{2}$, a limit within twice the Standard Model
prediction. This is the first limit on CEvNS from an argon nucleus and confirms
the earlier CsI non-standard neutrino interaction constraints from the
collaboration. This run demonstrated the feasibility of the ongoing
experimental effort to detect CEvNS with liquid argon.
- Probe Of Sterile Neutrinos Using Astrophysical Neutrino Flavor
1909.05341 [abs] [pdf]
[abstract]
by Carlos A. Argüelles, [and 5 more]Kareem Farrag, Teppei Katori, Rishabh Khandelwal, Shivesh Mandalia, and Jordi Salvado [hide authors].
In this paper, we study the effect of active-neutrino-sterile-neutrino mixing
in the expected high-energy astrophysical neutrino flavor content.
Non-unitarity in the measurement of the three active neutrinos can be due to
the existence of sterile neutrino states. We introduce the concept of the
four-flavor tetrahedron in order to visualize the lack of unitarity in the
astrophysical neutrino three-flavor triangle. We demonstrate that
active-sterile neutrino mixings modify the allowed region of the astrophysical
flavor ratio from the standard case. However, a projection of the four-flavor
tetrahedron has restrictions of phase space similar to the three-flavor
triangle. On the other hand, the initial presence of astrophysical sterile
neutrinos drastically changes the scenario, and it allows an apparent unitarity
violation in the three-flavor triangle space. Using current global fit
constraints including the non-unitarity case, we also illustrate the allowed
astrophysical neutrino flavor ratios. Thus, the measurement of the high-energy
astrophyscal neutrino flavor content allows us to explore sterile neutrinos
independently of the sterile neutrino mass scale. These are topics of
investigation for current and future neutrino telescopes.
- Astrophysical Tau Neutrino Identification with IceCube Waveforms
1909.05162 [abs] [pdf]
[abstract]
by Logan Wille and Donglian Xu.
The standard neutrino oscillation paradigm predicts almost equal fractions of
astrophysical neutrino flavors at Earth regardless of their production ratio at
the sources. Therefore, identification of astrophysical tau neutrinos could not
only reconfirm the astrophysical neutrino flux measured by IceCube, but also is
essential in precisely determining the astrophysical neutrino flavor ratio at
Earth, which is an important probe for physics beyond the Standard Model over
astronomical baselines. A tau neutrino undergoing a charged current (CC)
interaction in IceCube could produce a double deposition of energy, with the
first one from the CC hadronic shower and the second from the subsequent tau
lepton decay shower. Above an energy of ~100 TeV, such consecutive energy
depositions might be resolvable in the sensor waveforms and hence can be a
signature of an individual tau neutrino interaction in IceCube. We will present
the results of a search for astrophysical tau neutrinos in IceCube waveforms
with improved double pulse waveform identification techniques and using 8 years
of data.
- Search for Astrophysical Tau Neutrinos with an Improved Double Pulse
Method
1909.05127 [abs] [pdf]
[abstract]
by Maximilian Meier and Jan Soedingrekso.
Tau neutrino identification with the IceCube experiment would open new
windows to neutrino physics as well as enable novel searches for cosmic
neutrino sources. This work aims at a identification of tau neutrinos with
astrophysical origin at energies above 100TeV. For identification, we search
for a double pulse structure in the signal of one of IceCubes Digital Optical
Modules originating from a tau neutrino interaction and a subsequent tau decay
within the detector. In this work, we present constraints on the tau neutrino
flux based on an event sample with a livetime of about 7.5 years of IceCube
data.
- Light neutrino masses from gravitational condensation: the
Schwinger-Dyson approach
1909.04675 [abs] [pdf]
[abstract]
by Gabriela Barenboim, Jessica Turner, and Ye-Ling Zhou.
In this work we demonstrate that non-zero neutrino masses can be generated
from gravitational interactions. We solve the Schwinger-Dyson equations to find
a non-trivial vacuum thereby determining the scale of the neutrino condensate
and the number of new particle degrees of freedom required for gravitationally
induced dynamical chiral symmetry breaking. We show for minimal beyond the
Standard Model particle content, the scale of the condensation occurs close to
the Planck scale.
- The Overarching Framework of Core-Collapse Supernova Explosions as
Revealed by 3D Fornax Simulations
1909.04152 [abs] [pdf]
[abstract]
by Adam Burrows, [and 5 more]David Radice, David Vartanyan, Hiroki Nagakura, M. Aaron Skinner, and Joshua Dolence [hide authors].
We have conducted nineteen state-of-the-art 3D core-collapse supernova
simulations spanning a broad range of progenitor masses. This is the largest
collection of sophisticated 3D supernova simulations ever performed. We have
found that while the majority of these models explode, not all do, and that
even models in the middle of the available progenitor mass range may be less
explodable. This does not mean that those models for which we did not witness
explosion would not explode in Nature, but that they are less prone to
explosion than others. One consequence is that the "compactness" measure is not
a metric for explodability. We find that lower-mass massive star progenitors
likely experience lower-energy explosions, while the higher-mass massive stars
likely experience higher-energy explosions. Moreover, most 3D explosions have a
dominant dipole morphology, have a pinched, wasp-waist structure, and
experience simultaneous accretion and explosion. We reproduce the general range
of residual neutron-star masses inferred for the galactic neutron-star
population. The most massive progenitor models, however, in particular vis \`a
vis explosion energy, need to be continued for longer physical times to
asymptote to their final states. We find that while the majority of the inner
ejecta have Y$_e = 0.5$, there is a substantial proton-rich tail. This result
has important implications for the nucleosynthetic yields as a function of
progenitor. Finally, we find that the non-exploding models eventually evolve
into compact inner configurations that experience a quasi-periodic spiral SASI
mode. We otherwise see little evidence of the SASI in the exploding models.
- Triangulation Pointing to Core-Collapse Supernovae with Next-Generation
Neutrino Detectors
1909.03151 [abs] [pdf]
[abstract]
by N. B. Linzer and K. Scholberg.
A core-collapse supernova releases the vast majority of the gravitational
binding energy of its compact remnant in the form of neutrinos over an interval
of a few tens of seconds. In the event of a core-collapse supernova within our
galaxy, multiple current and future neutrino detectors would see a large burst
in activity. Neutrinos escape a supernova hours before light does, so any
prompt information about the supernova's direction that can be inferred via the
neutrino signal will help to enable early electromagnetic observations of the
supernova. While there are methods to determine the direction via intrinsic
directionality of some neutrino-matter interaction channels, a complementary
method which will reach maturity with the next generation of large neutrino
detectors is the use of relative neutrino arrival times at different detectors
around the globe. To evaluate this triangulation method for realistic detector
configurations of the next few decades, we generate random supernova neutrino
signals with realistic detector assumptions, and quantify the error in expected
time delay between detections. We investigate a practical and robust method of
estimating the time differences between burst detections, also correcting for
detection efficiency bias. With this method, we determine the pointing
precision of supernova neutrino triangulation as a function of supernova
distance and location, detectors used, detector background level and neutrino
mass ordering assumption. Under favorable conditions, the 1$\sigma$ supernova
search area from triangulation could be reduced to a few percent of the sky. It
should be possible to implement this method with low latency under realistic
conditions.
- Search for low-energy neutrinos from astrophysical sources with Borexino
1909.02422 [abs] [pdf]
[abstract]
by M. Agostini, [and 103 more]K. Altenmüller, S. Appel, V. Atroshchenko, Z. Bagdasarian, D. Basilico, G. Bellini, J. Benziger, D. Bick, G. Bonfini, D. Bravo, B. Caccianiga, F. Calaprice, A. Caminata, L. Cappelli, P. Cavalcante, F. Cavanna, A. Chepurnov, K. Choi, D. D'Angelo, S. Davini, A. Derbin, A. Di Giacinto, V. Di Marcello, X. F. Ding, A. Di Ludovico, L. Di Noto, I. Drachnev, A. Formozov, D. Franco, F. Gabriele, C. Galbiati, M. Gschwender, C. Ghiano, M. Giammarchi, A. Goretti, M. Gromov, D. Guffanti, C. Hagner, E. Hungerford, Aldo Ianni, Andrea Ianni, A. Jany, D. Jeschke, S. Kumaran, V. Kobychev, G. Korga, T. Lachenmaier, M. Laubenstein, E. Litvinovich, P. Lombardi, I. Lomskaya, L. Ludhova, G. Lukyanchenko, L. Lukyanchenko, I. Machulin, G. Manuzio, S. Marcocci, J. Maricic, J. Martyn, E. Meroni, M. Meyer, L. Miramonti, M. Misiaszek, V. Muratova, B. Neumair, M. Nieslony, L. Oberauer, V. Orekhov, F. Ortica, M. Pallavicini, L. Papp, Ö. Penek, L. Pietrofaccia, N. Pilipenko, A. Pocar, G. Raikov, M. T. Ranalli, G. Ranucci, A. Razeto, A. Re, M. Redchuk, A. Romani, N. Rossi, S. Rottenanger, S. Schönert, D. Semenov, M. Skorokhvatov, O. Smirnov, A. Sotnikov, Y. Suvorov, R. Tartaglia, G. Testera, J. Thurn, E. Unzhakov, A. Vishneva, R. B. Vogelaar, F. von Feilitzsch, M. Wojcik, M. Wurm, O. Zaimidoroga, S. Zavatarelli, K. Zuber, and G. Zuzel [hide authors].
We report on searches for neutrinos and antineutrinos from astrophysical
sources performed with the Borexino detector at the Laboratori Nazionali del
Gran Sasso in Italy. Electron antineutrinos ($\bar{\nu}_e$) are detected in an
organic liquid scintillator through the inverse $\beta$-decay reaction. In the
present work we set model-independent upper limits in the energy range 1.8-16.8
MeV on neutrino fluxes from unknown sources that improve our previous results,
on average, by a factor 2.5. Using the same data set, we first obtain
experimental constraints on the diffuse supernova $\bar{\nu}_e$ fluxes in the
previously unexplored region below 8 MeV. A search for $\bar{\nu}_e$ in the
solar neutrino flux is also presented: the presence of $\bar{\nu}_e$ would be a
manifestation of a non-zero anomalous magnetic moment of the neutrino, making
possible its conversion to antineutrinos in the strong magnetic field of the
Sun. We obtain a limit for a solar $\bar{\nu}_e$ flux of 384 cm$^{-2}$s$^{-1}$
(90% C.L.), assuming an undistorted solar $^{8}$B neutrinos energy spectrum,
that corresponds to a transition probability $p_{ \nu_e \rightarrow
\bar\nu_{e}}<$ 7.2$\times$10$^{-5}$ (90% C.L.) for E$_{\bar {\nu}_e}$ $>$ 1.8
MeV. At lower energies, by investigating the spectral shape of elastic
scattering events, we obtain a new limit on solar $^{7}$Be-$\nu_e$ conversion
into $\bar{\nu}_e$ of $p_{ \nu_e \rightarrow \bar \nu_{e}}<$ 0.14 (90% C.L.) at
0.862 keV. Last, we investigate solar flares as possible neutrino sources and
obtain the strongest up-to-date limits on the fluence of neutrinos of all
flavor neutrino below 3-7 ,MeV. Assuming the neutrino flux to be proportional
to the flare's intensity, we exclude an intense solar flare as the cause of the
observed excess of events in run 117 of the Cl-Ar Homestake experiment.
- Propagation of ultra-high-energy cosmic rays in the magnetized cosmic
web
1909.02189 [abs] [pdf]
[abstract]
by Jihyun Kim, [and 4 more]Dongsu Ryu, Soonyoung Roh, Jihoon Ha, and Hyesung Kang [hide authors].
A high concentration of ultra-high-energy cosmic ray (UHECR) events, called a
hotspot, was reported by the Telescope Array (TA) experiment, but its origin
still remains unsolved. One of the obstacles is that there is no astronomical
object, which could be the source, behind the TA hotpot. In an effort to
understand the origin of the TA hotspot, we suggested a model based on the
magnetized cosmic web structure. The UHECRs were produced from sources in the
Virgo cluster and were initially confined by cluster magnetic fields for a
certain period. Next, some of them preferentially escaped to and propagated
along filaments. Eventually, they were scattered by filament magnetic fields,
and come to us. To examine the model, we followed the propagation trajectories
of UHE protons in a simulated universe with clusters, filaments, and voids, by
employing a number of models for cosmic magnetic fields. In this study, we
present some of the initial results, such as the ratio between the particles
directly escaping from the clusters to the voids and particles escaping from
the clusters to the filaments. We also discuss the feasibility of our model for
the origin of the hotspot by examining the trajectories of the UHE protons.
- Seasonal Variation of Atmospheric Neutrinos in IceCube
1909.02036 [abs] [pdf]
[abstract]
by Patrick Heix, [and 3 more]Serap Tilav, Christopher Wiebusch, and Marit Zöcklein [hide authors].
The IceCube Neutrino Observatory detects atmospheric muon neutrinos above 100
GeV at a rate of about 100 000 per year. These neutrinos originate from decays
of charged pions and kaons in cosmic ray air showers. Their flux depends on the
probability of production and decay of the parent mesons, and is thus sensitive
to the stratospheric temperature. Neutrino rates from 8 years of operation of
the detector are correlated with the atmospheric temperature profile as
measured by the Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS). An analysis of this
correlation provides a test of models of hadronic interactions in atmospheric
air showers. This analysis of neutrinos complements the analysis of the
correlation of atmospheric muons with temperature that is presented in another
paper at this conference.
- Fibonacci Fast Convergence for Neutrino Oscillations in Matter
1909.02009 [abs] [pdf]
[abstract]
by Peter B. Denton, Stephen J. Parke, and Xining Zhang.
Understanding neutrino oscillations in matter requires a non-trivial
diagonalization of the Hamiltonian. As the exact solution is very complicated,
many approximation schemes have been pursued. Here we show that one scheme,
systematically applying rotations to change to a better basis, converges
exponentially fast wherein the rate of convergence follows the Fibonacci
sequence. We find that the convergence rate of this procedure depends very
sensitively on the initial choices of the rotations as well as the mechanism of
selecting the pivots. We then apply this scheme for neutrino oscillations in
matter and discover that the optimal convergence rate is found using the
following simple strategy: first apply the vacuum (2-3) rotation and then use
the largest off-diagonal element as the pivot for each of the following
rotations. The Fibonacci convergence rate presented here may be extendable to
systems beyond neutrino oscillations.
August 2019
- Tau lepton asymmetry by sterile neutrino emission -- Moving beyond
one-zone supernova models
1908.11382 [abs] [pdf]
[abstract]
by Anna M. Suliga, Irene Tamborra, and Meng-Ru Wu.
The mixing of active neutrinos with their sterile counterparts with keV mass
is known to have a potentially major impact on the energy loss from the
supernova core. By relying on a set of three static hydrodynamical backgrounds
mimicking the early accretion phase and the Kelvin-Helmoltz cooling phase of a
supernova, we develop the first self-consistent, radial- and time-dependent
treatment of sterile and tau neutrinos mixing in the dense stellar core. We
follow the flavor evolution by including ordinary matter effects, collisional
production of sterile neutrinos, as well as reconversions of sterile states
into active ones. The dynamical feedback of the sterile neutrino production on
the matter background leads to the development of a tau lepton asymmetry that
grows in time until it reaches a value larger than 0.15. Our results hint
towards significant implications for the supernova physics, and call for a
self-consistent modeling of the sterile neutrino transport in the supernova
core to constrain the mixing parameters of sterile neutrinos.
- Measurement of the Diffuse Astrophysical Muon-Neutrino Spectrum with Ten
Years of IceCube Data
1908.09551 [abs] [pdf]
[abstract]
by Joeran Stettner.
The IceCube Neutrino Observatory measured a flux of high-energy astrophysical
neutrinos in several detection channels. The energy spectrum is fitted as
unbroken power-law, but different best-fit parameters were obtained in the
various analyses covering different energy ranges between few TeV to 10 PeV.
Here, we present an update to the analysis of through-going muon-neutrinos from
the Northern Hemisphere. It was extended to almost ten years of data and an
improved treatment of systematic uncertainties on the atmospheric fluxes was
implemented. The updated best-fit parameters for the astrophysical flux
assuming a power-law energy spectrum are $\Phi_{astro}=1.44$ and
$\gamma_{astro}=2.28$. We will present the results of the spectral fit and
discuss how the measured flux compares to other IceCube results.
- Neutrino Fluence from Gamma-Ray Bursts: Off-Axis View of Structured Jets
1908.06953 [abs] [pdf]
[abstract]
by Markus Ahlers and Lea Halser.
We investigate the expected high-energy neutrino fluence from internal shocks
produced in the relativistic outflow of gamma-ray bursts. Previous model
predictions have primarily focussed on on-axis observations of uniform jets.
Here we present a generalization to account for arbitrary viewing angles and
jet structures. Based on this formalism, we provide an improved scaling
relation that expresses off-axis neutrino fluences in terms of on-axis model
predictions. We also find that the neutrino fluence from structured jets can
exhibit a strong angular dependence relative to that of gamma-rays and can be
far more extended. We examine this behavior in detail for the recent short
gamma-ray burst GRB 170817A observed in coincidence with the gravitational wave
event GW170817.
- First Double Cascade Tau Neutrino Candidates in IceCube and a New
Measurement of the Flavor Composition
1908.05506 [abs] [pdf]
[abstract]
by Juliana Stachurska.
The IceCube Neutrino Observatory at the South Pole, which detects Cherenkov
light from charged particles produced in neutrino interactions, firmly
established the existence of an astrophysical high-energy neutrino component.
The expected neutrino flavor composition on Earth is
$\nu_e:\nu_{\mu}:\nu_{\tau}$ of about 1:1:1 for neutrinos produced in
astrophysical sources through pion decay. A measurement of the flavor
composition on Earth can provide important constraints on sources and
production mechanisms within the standard model, and can also constrain various
beyond-standard-model processes. Here the measurement of the flavor composition
performed on IceCube's High-Energy Starting Events sample with a livetime of
about 7.5 years is presented. IceCube is directly sensitive to each neutrino
flavor via the single cascade, track and double cascade event topologies. In
IceCube, $\nu_{\tau}$-CC interactions above $\sim$ 100 TeV can produce
resolvable double cascades, breaking the degeneracy between $\nu_e$ and
$\nu_{\tau}$ present at lower energies. IceCube's first two identified double
cascades are presented and the properties of the two $\nu_{\tau}$ candidates
are discussed.
- A Catalog of Astrophysical Neutrino Candidates for IceCube
1908.05290 [abs] [pdf]
[abstract]
by Chujie Chen and Charles Cardot.
Multi-messenger astrophysics will enable the discovery of new astrophysical
neutrino sources and provide information about the mechanisms that drive these
objects. We present a curated online catalog of astrophysical neutrino
candidates. Whenever single high energy neutrino events, that are publicly
available, get published multiple times from various analyses, the catalog
records all these changes and highlights the best information. All studies by
IceCube that produce astrophysical candidates will be included in our catalog.
All information produced by these searches such as time, type, direction,
neutrino energy and signalness will be contained in the catalog. The
multi-messenger astrophysical community will be able to select neutrinos with
certain characteristics, e.g. within a declination range, visualize data for
the selected neutrinos, and finally download data in their preferred form to
conduct further studies.
- Eigenvectors from eigenvalues: A survey of a basic identity in linear
algebra
1908.03795 [abs] [pdf]
[abstract]
by Peter B. Denton, [and 3 more]Stephen J. Parke, Terence Tao, and Xining Zhang [hide authors].
If $A$ is an $n \times n$ Hermitian matrix with eigenvalues
$\lambda_1(A),\dots,\lambda_n(A)$ and $i,j = 1,\dots,n$, then the
$j^{\mathrm{th}}$ component $v_{i,j}$ of a unit eigenvector $v_i$ associated to
the eigenvalue $\lambda_i(A)$ is related to the eigenvalues
$\lambda_1(M_j),\dots,\lambda_{n-1}(M_j)$ of the minor $M_j$ of $A$ formed by
removing the $j^{\mathrm{th}}$ row and column by the formula $$
|v_{i,j}|^2\prod_{k=1;k\neq
i}^{n}\left(\lambda_i(A)-\lambda_k(A)\right)=\prod_{k=1}^{n-1}\left(\lambda_i(A)-\lambda_k(M_j)\right)\,.$$
We refer to this identity as the \emph{eigenvector-eigenvalue identity} and
show how this identity can also be used to extract the relative phases between
the components of any given eigenvector. Despite the simple nature of this
identity and the extremely mature state of development of linear algebra, this
identity was not widely known until very recently. In this survey we describe
the many times that this identity, or variants thereof, have been discovered
and rediscovered in the literature (with the earliest precursor we know of
appearing in 1834). We also provide a number of proofs and generalizations of
the identity.
- Detecting and Studying High-Energy Collider Neutrinos with FASER at the
LHC
1908.02310 [abs] [pdf]
[abstract]
by FASER Collaboration, [and 47 more]Henso Abreu, Claire Antel, Akitaka Ariga, Tomoko Ariga, Jamie Boyd, Franck Cadoux, David W. Casper, Xin Chen, Andrea Coccaro, Candan Dozen, Peter B. Denton, Yannick Favre, Jonathan L. Feng, Didier Ferrere, Iftah Galon, Stephen Gibson, Sergio Gonzalez-Sevilla, Shih-Chieh Hsu, Zhen Hu, Giuseppe Iacobucci, Sune Jakobsen, Roland Jansky, Enrique Kajomovitz, Felix Kling, Susanne Kuehn, Lorne Levinson, Congqiao Li, 1 Josh McFayden, Sam Meehan, Friedemann Neuhaus, Hidetoshi Otono, Brian Petersen, Helena Pikhartova, Michaela Queitsch-Maitland, Osamu Sato, Kristof Schmieden, Matthias Schott, Anna Sfyrla, Savannah Shively, Jordan Smolinsky, Aaron M. Soffa, Yosuke Takubo, Eric Torrence, Sebastian Trojanowski, Callum Wilkinson, Dengfeng Zhang, and Gang Zhang [hide authors].
Neutrinos are copiously produced at particle colliders, but no collider
neutrino has ever been detected. Colliders, and particularly hadron colliders,
produce both neutrinos and anti-neutrinos of all flavors at very high energies,
and they are therefore highly complementary to those from other sources. FASER,
the recently approved Forward Search Experiment at the Large Hadron Collider,
is ideally located to provide the first detection and study of collider
neutrinos. We investigate the prospects for neutrino studies of a proposed
component of FASER, FASER$\nu$, a 25cm x 25cm x 1.35m emulsion detector to be
placed directly in front of the FASER spectrometer in tunnel TI12. FASER$\nu$
consists of 1000 layers of emulsion films interleaved with 1-mm-thick tungsten
plates, with a total tungsten target mass of 1.2 tons. We estimate the neutrino
fluxes and interaction rates at FASER$\nu$, describe the FASER$\nu$ detector,
and analyze the characteristics of the signals and primary backgrounds. For an
integrated luminosity of 150 fb$^{-1}$ to be collected during Run 3 of the 14
TeV Large Hadron Collider from 2021-23, and assuming standard model cross
sections, approximately 1300 electron neutrinos, 20,000 muon neutrinos, and 20
tau neutrinos will interact in FASER$\nu$, with mean energies of 600 GeV to 1
TeV, depending on the flavor. With such rates and energies, FASER will measure
neutrino cross sections at energies where they are currently unconstrained,
will bound models of forward particle production, and could open a new window
on physics beyond the standard model.
July 2019
- Neutrino counting experiments and non-unitarity from LEP and future
experiments
1907.12675 [abs] [pdf]
[abstract]
by F. J. Escrihuela, L. J. Flores, and O. G. Miranda.
Non-unitarity of the neutrino mixing matrix is expected in many scenarios
with physics beyond the Standard Model. Motivated by the search for deviations
from unitary, we study two neutrino counting observables: the
neutrino-antineutrino gamma process and the invisible $Z$ boson decay into
neutrinos. We report on new constraints for non-unitarity coming from the first
of this observables. We study the potential constraints that future collider
experiments will give from the invisible decay of the Z boson, that will be
measured with improved precision.
- Updated results on neutrino mass and mass hierarchy from cosmology with
Planck 2018 likelihoods
1907.12598 [abs] [pdf]
[abstract]
by Shouvik Roy Choudhury and Steen Hannestad.
In this work we update the bounds on $\sum m_{\nu}$ from latest publicly
available cosmological data and likelihoods using Bayesian analysis, while
explicitly considering particular neutrino mass hierarchies. In the minimal
$\Lambda\textrm{CDM}+\sum m_{\nu}$ model with most recent CMB data from Planck
2018 TT,TE,EE, lowE, and lensing; and BAO data from BOSS DR12, MGS, and 6dFGS,
we find that at 95\% C.L. the bounds are: $\sum m_{\nu}<0.12$ eV (degenerate),
$\sum m_{\nu}<0.15$ eV (normal), $\sum m_{\nu}<0.17$ eV (inverted). The bounds
vary across the different mass orderings due to different priors on $\sum
m_{\nu}$. Also, we find that the normal hierarchy is very mildly preferred
relative to the inverted, using both minimum $\chi^2$ values and Bayesian
Evidence ratios. In this paper we also provide bounds on $\sum m_{\nu}$
considering different hierarchies in various extended cosmological models:
$\Lambda\textrm{CDM}+\sum m_{\nu}+r$, $w\textrm{CDM}+\sum m_{\nu}$, $w_0 w_a
\textrm{CDM}+\sum m_{\nu}$, $w_0 w_a \textrm{CDM}+\sum m_{\nu}$ with $w(z)\geq
-1$, $\Lambda \textrm{CDM} + \sum m_{\nu} + \Omega_k$, and $\Lambda
\textrm{CDM} + \sum m_{\nu} + A_{\textrm{Lens}}$. We do not find any strong
evidence of normal hierarchy over inverted hierarchy in the extended models
either.
- Non-Standard Interactions in Radiative Neutrino Mass Models
1907.09498 [abs] [pdf]
[abstract]
by K. S. Babu, [and 3 more]P. S. Bhupal Dev, Sudip Jana, and Anil Thapa [hide authors].
Models of radiative Majorana neutrino masses require new scalars and/or
fermions to induce lepton number violating interactions. We show that these new
particles also generate observable neutrino nonstandard interactions (NSI) with
matter. We classify radiative models as type-I or II, with type-I models
containing at least one Standard Model (SM) particle inside the loop diagram
generating neutrino mass, and type-II models having no SM particle inside the
loop. While type-II radiative models do not generate tree-level NSI, popular
models which fall under the type-I category are shown, somewhat surprisingly,
to generate observable NSI at tree-level, while being consistent with direct
and indirect constraints from colliders, electroweak precision data and
charged-lepton flavor violation (cLFV). We survey such models where neutrino
masses arise at one, two and three loops. In the prototypical Zee model which
generates neutrino masses via one-loop diagrams involving charged scalars, we
find that diagonal NSI can be as large as ($8\%, 3.8\%, 9.3\%$) for
($\varepsilon_{ee},\varepsilon_{\mu \mu}, \varepsilon_{\tau \tau}$), while
off-diagonal NSI can be at most ($10^{-3}\%, 0.56\%, 0.34\%$) for
($\varepsilon_{e\mu},\varepsilon_{e \tau}, \varepsilon_{\mu \tau}$). In
one-loop neutrino mass models using leptoquarks (LQs),
$(\varepsilon_{\mu\mu},\, \varepsilon_{\tau\tau})$ can be as large as
$(21.6\%,\,51.7\%)$, while $\varepsilon_{ee}$ and $(\varepsilon_{e\mu},\,
\varepsilon_{e\tau},\,\varepsilon_{\mu\tau})$ can at most be 0.6\%. The most
stringent constraints on the diagonal NSI are found to come from neutrino
oscillation and scattering experiments, while the off-diagonal NSI are mostly
constrained by low-energy processes, such as atomic parity violation and cLFV.
While our analysis is focused on radiative neutrino mass models, it essentially
covers all NSI possibilities with heavy mediators.
- Death and Serious Injury by Dark Matter
1907.06674 [abs] [pdf]
[abstract]
by Jagjit Singh Sidhu, Robert J Scherrer, and Glenn Starkman.
Macroscopic dark matter refers to a variety of dark matter candidates that
would be expected to (elastically) scatter off of ordinary matter with a large
geometric cross-section. A wide range of macro masses $M_X$ and cross-sections
$\sigma_X$ remain unprobed. We show that over a wide region within the
unexplored parameter space, collisions of a macro with a human body would
result in serious injury or death. We use the absence of such unexplained
impacts with a well-monitored subset of the human population to exclude a
region bounded by $\sigma_X \geq 10^{-8} - 10^{-7}$ cm$^2$ and $M_X < 50$ kg.
Our results open a new window on dark matter: the human body as a dark matter
detector.
- An extensive-air-shower-like event registered with the TUS orbital
detector
1907.06028 [abs] [pdf]
[abstract]
by B. A. Khrenov, [and 19 more]G. K. Garipov, M. A. Kaznacheeva, P. A. Klimov, M. I. Panasyuk, V. L. Petrov, S. A. Sharakin, A. V. Shirokov, I. V. Yashin, M. Yu. Zotov, A. A. Grinyuk, V. M. Grebenyuk, M. V. Lavrova, L. G. Tkachev, A. V. Tkachenko, O. A. Saprykin, A. A. Botvinko, A. N. Senkovsky, A. E. Puchkov, and M. Bertaina [hide authors].
TUS (Tracking Ultraviolet Set-up) is the world's first orbital detector of
ultra-high-energy cosmic rays (UHECRs). It was launched into orbit on 28th
April 2016 as a part of the scientific payload of the Lomonosov satellite. The
main aim of the mission was to test the technique of measuring the ultraviolet
fluorescence and Cherenkov radiation of extensive air showers generated by
primary cosmic rays with energies above ~100 EeV in the Earth atmosphere from
space. During its operation for 1.5 years, TUS registered almost 80,000 events
with a few of them satisfying conditions anticipated for extensive air showers
(EASs) initiated by UHECRs. Here we discuss an event registered on 3rd October
2016. The event was measured in perfect observation conditions as an
ultraviolet track in the nocturnal atmosphere of the Earth, with the kinematics
and the light curve similar to those expected from an EAS. A reconstruction of
parameters of a primary particle gave the zenith angle around 44$^\circ$ but an
extreme energy not compatible with the cosmic ray energy spectrum obtained with
ground-based experiments. We discuss in details all conditions of registering
the event, explain the reconstruction procedure and its limitations and comment
on possible sources of the signal, both of anthropogenic and astrophysical
origin. We believe this detection represents a significant milestone in the
space-based observation of UHECRs because it proves the capability of an
orbital telescope to detect light signals with the apparent motion and light
shape similar to what are expected from EASs. This is important for the
on-going development of the future missions KLYPVE-EUSO and POEMMA, aimed for
studying UHECRs from space.
- Cosmological Constraints on Invisible Neutrino Decays Revisited
1907.05425 [abs] [pdf]
[abstract]
by Miguel Escudero and Malcolm Fairbairn.
Invisible neutrino decay modes are difficult to target at laboratory
experiments, and current bounds on such decays from solar neutrino and neutrino
oscillation experiments are somewhat weak. It has been known for some time that
Cosmology can serve as a powerful probe of invisible neutrino decays. In this
work, we show that in order for Big Bang Nucleosynthesis to be successful, the
invisible neutrino decay lifetime is bounded to be $\tau_\nu >
10^{-3}\,\text{s}$ at 95\% CL. We revisit Cosmic Microwave Background
constraints on invisible neutrino decays, and by using Planck2018 observations
we find the following bound on the neutrino lifetime: $\tau_\nu >
(1.3-0.3)\times 10^{9}\,\text{s} \, \left({m_\nu}/{ 0.05\,\text{eV} }\right)^3$
at $95\%$ CL. We show that this bound is robust to modifications of the
cosmological model, in particular that it is independent of the presence of
dark radiation. We find that lifetimes relevant for Supernova observations
($\tau_\nu \sim 10^{5}\,\text{s}\, \left({m_\nu}/{ 0.05\,\text{eV} }\right)^3$)
are disfavoured at more than $5\,\sigma$ with respect to $\Lambda$CDM given the
latest Planck CMB observations. Finally, we show that when including
high-$\ell$ Planck polarization data, neutrino lifetimes $\tau_\nu =
(2-16)\times 10^{9}\,\text{s} \, \left({m_\nu}/{ 0.05\,\text{eV} }\right)^3$
are mildly preferred -- with a 1-2 $\sigma$ significance -- over neutrinos
being stable.
- Ultra-light scalar saving the 3+1 neutrino scheme from the cosmological
bounds
1907.04271 [abs] [pdf]
[abstract]
by Yasaman Farzan.
The LSND and MiniBooNE results as well as the reactor and Gallium anomalies
seem to indicate the presence of a sterile neutrino with a mass of $\sim 1$ eV
mixed with active neutrinos. Such sterile neutrino can be produced in the early
universe before the neutrino decoupling, leading to a contribution to the
effective number of neutrinos ($N_{eff}$) as well as to a contribution to the
sum of neutrino masses which are in tension with cosmological observations. We
propose a scenario to relax this tension by a Yukawa coupling of the sterile
neutrinos to ultra-light scalar particles which contribute to the dark matter
in the background. The coupling induces an effective mass for $\nu_s$ which
prevents its production in the early universe. We discuss the implications for
the upcoming KATRIN experiment and future relic neutrino search experiments
such as PTOLEMY. We also briefly comment on certain non-renormalizable forms of
interaction between $\nu_s$ and the scalar and their consequences for the
$\nu_s$ production in the early universe.
- Bounds on Cosmic Ray-Boosted Dark Matter in Simplified Models and its
Corresponding Neutrino-Floor
1907.03782 [abs] [pdf]
[abstract]
by James B. Dent, [and 3 more]Bhaskar Dutta, Jayden L. Newstead, and Ian M. Shoemaker [hide authors].
We study direct detection bounds on cosmic ray-upscattered dark matter in
simplified models including light mediators. We find that the energy dependence
in the scattering cross section is significant, and produces stronger bounds
than previously found (which assumed constant cross sections) by many orders of
magnitude at low DM mass. Finally, we compute the "neutrino-floor" that will
limit future direct detection searches for cosmic ray-upscattered dark matter.
While we focus on vector interactions for illustration, we emphasize that the
energy dependence is critical in determining accurate bounds on any particle
physics model of Dark Matter-CR interactions from experimental data on this
scenario.
- Theory of elastic neutrino-electron scattering
1907.03379 [abs] [pdf]
[abstract]
by Oleksandr Tomalak and Richard J Hill.
Theoretical predictions for elastic neutrino-electron scattering have no
hadronic or nuclear uncertainties at leading order making this process an
important tool for normalizing neutrino flux. However, the process is subject
to large radiative corrections that differ according to experimental
conditions. In this paper, we collect new and existing results for total and
differential cross sections accompanied by radiation of one photon, $\nu e \to
\nu e (\gamma)$. We perform calculations within the Fermi effective theory and
provide analytic expressions for the electron energy spectrum and for the total
electromagnetic energy spectrum as well as for double- and triple-differential
cross sections with respect to electron energy, electron angle, photon energy,
and photon angle. We discuss illustrative applications to accelerator-based
neutrino experiments and provide the most precise up-to-date values of
neutrino-electron scattering cross sections. We present an analysis of
theoretical error, which is dominated by the $\sim 0.2 - 0.4\%$ uncertainty of
the hadronic correction. We also discuss how searches for new physics can be
affected by radiative corrections.
- Potentialities of a low-energy detector based on $^4$He evaporation to
observe atomic effects in coherent neutrino scattering and physics
perspectives
1907.03302 [abs] [pdf]
[abstract]
by M. Cadeddu, [and 5 more]F. Dordei, C. Giunti, K. A. Kouzakov, E. Picciau, and A. I. Studenikin [hide authors].
We propose an experimental setup to observe coherent elastic neutrino-atom
scattering (CE$\nu$AS) using electron antineutrinos from tritium decay and a
liquid helium target. In this scattering process with the whole atom, that has
not beeen observed so far, the electrons tend to screen the weak charge of the
nucleus as seen by the electron antineutrino probe. The interference between
the nucleus and the electron cloud produces a sharp dip in the recoil spectrum
at atomic recoil energies of about 9 meV, reducing sizeably the number of
expected events with respect to the coherent elastic neutrino-nucleus
scattering case. We estimate that with a 60 g tritium source surrounded by 500
kg of liquid helium in a cylindrical tank, one could observe the existence of
CE$\nu$AS processes at 3$\sigma$ in 5 years of data taking. Keeping the same
amount of helium and the same data-taking period, we test the sensitivity to
the Weinberg angle and a possible neutrino magnetic moment for three different
scenarios: 60 g, 160 g, and 500 g of tritium. In the latter scenario, the
Standard Model (SM) value of the Weinberg angle can be measured with a
statistical uncertainty of
$\sin^2{\vartheta_W^{\mathrm{SM}}}^{+0.015}_{-0.016}$. This would represent the
lowest-energy measurement of $\sin^2{\vartheta_W}$, with the advantage of being
not affected by the uncertainties on the neutron form factor of the nucleus as
the current lowest-energy determination. Finally, we study the sensitivity of
this apparatus to a possible electron neutrino magnetic moment and we find that
using 60 g of tritium it is possible to set an upper limit of about
$7\times10^{-13}\,\mu_B$ at 90% C.L., that is more than one order of magnitude
smaller than the current experimental limit.
- Search for transient variations of the fine structure constant and dark
matter using fiber-linked optical atomic clocks
1907.02661 [abs] [pdf]
[abstract]
by B. M. Roberts, [and 53 more]P. Delva, A. Al-Masoudi, A. Amy-Klein, C. Bærentsen, C. F. A. Baynham, E. Benkler, S. Bilicki, S. Bize, W. Bowden, J. Calvert, V. Cambier, E. Cantin, E. A. Curtis, S. Dörscher, M. Favier, F. Frank, P. Gill, R. M. Godun, G. Grosche, C. Guo, A. Hees, I. R. Hill, R. Hobson, N. Huntemann, J. Kronjäger, S. Koke, A. Kuhl, R. Lange, T. Legero, B. Lipphardt, C. Lisdat, J. Lodewyck, O. Lopez, H. S. Margolis, H. Álvarez-Martínez, F. Meynadier, F. Ozimek, E. Peik, P. -E. Pottie, N. Quintin, C. Sanner, L. De Sarlo, M. Schioppo, R. Schwarz, A. Silva, U. Sterr, Chr. Tamm, R. Le Targat, P. Tuckey, G. Vallet, T. Waterholter, D. Xu, and P. Wolf [hide authors].
We search for transient variations of the fine structure constant using data
from a European network of fiber-linked optical atomic clocks. By searching for
coherent variations in the recorded clock frequency comparisons across the
network, we significantly improve the constraints on transient variations of
the fine structure constant. For example, we constrain the variation in alpha
to <5*10^-17 for transients of duration 10^3 s. This analysis also presents a
possibility to search for dark matter, the mysterious substance hypothesised to
explain galaxy dynamics and other astrophysical phenomena that is thought to
dominate the matter density of the universe. At the current sensitivity level,
we find no evidence for dark matter in the form of topological defects (or,
more generally, any macroscopic objects), and we thus place constraints on
certain potential couplings between the dark matter and standard model
particles, substantially improving upon the existing constraints, particularly
for large (>~10^4 km) objects.
- Eigenvalues: the Rosetta Stone for Neutrino Oscillations in Matter
1907.02534 [abs] [pdf]
[abstract]
by Peter B. Denton, Stephen J. Parke, and Xining Zhang.
We present a new method of exactly calculating neutrino oscillation
probabilities in matter. We leverage the "eigenvector-eigenvalue identity" to
show that, given the eigenvalues, all mixing angles in matter follow
surprisingly simply. The CP violating phase in matter can then be determined
from the Toshev identity. Then, to avoid the cumbersome expressions for the
exact eigenvalues, we have applied previously derived perturbative, approximate
eigenvalues to this scheme and discovered them to be even more precise than
previously realized. We also find that these eigenvalues converge at a rate of
five orders of magnitude per perturbative order which is the square of the
previously realized expectation. Finally, we provide an updated speed versus
accuracy plot for oscillation probabilities in matter, to include the methods
of this paper.
- Neutrino oscillations at dual baselines
1907.01185 [abs] [pdf]
[abstract]
by Minseok Cho, [and 4 more]YeolLin ChoeJo, Hye-Sung Lee, Young-Min Lee, and Sushant K. Raut [hide authors].
Beam neutrino oscillation experiments typically employ only one detector at a
certain baseline, apart from the near detector that measures the unoscillated
neutrino flux at the source. Lately, there have been discussions of having
detectors at two different baselines in one of the future long-baseline
neutrino oscillation experiments. We study the potential advantage of a general
dual-baseline system and perform analysis with a specific example of the
envisioned T2HKK experiment. We introduce a new parameter to exploit the
correlation between the oscillations at both baselines, and show how it can
help in determining the mass hierarchy and the CP phase in the neutrino sector.
Our study and findings can be generically used for any dual-baseline system.
- Probing Non-Standard Neutrino Interactions with Supernova Neutrinos at
Hyper-K
1907.01059 [abs] [pdf]
[abstract]
by Minjie Lei, Noah Steinberg, and James D. Wells.
Non-standard neutrino self interactions (NSSI) could be stronger than Fermi
interactions. We investigate the ability to constrain these four-neutrino
interactions by their effect on the flux of neutrinos originating from a
galactic supernova. In the dense medium of a core collapse supernova, these new
self interactions can have a significant impact on neutrino oscillations,
leading to changes at the flavor evolution and spectra level. We use
simulations of the neutrino flux from a 13 solar mass, core collapse supernova
at 10 kpc away, and numerically propagate these neutrinos through the stellar
medium taking into account vacuum/MSW oscillations, SM $\nu-\nu$ scattering as
well as $\nu-\nu$ interactions that arise from NSSI. We pass the resulting
neutrino flux to a simulation of the future Hyper-Kamiokande detector to see
what constraints on NSSI parameters are possible when the next galactic
supernova becomes visible. We find that these constraints depend strongly on
the neutrino mass hierarchy and if the NSSI is flavor-violating or preserving.
Sensitivity to NSSI in the normal hierarchy (NH) at Hyper-K is limited by the
experiment's ability to efficiently detect $\nu_{e}$, but deviations from no
NSSI could be seen if the NSSI is particularly strong. In the inverted
hierarchy (IH) scenario, Hyper-K can significantly improve constraints on
flavor-violating NSSI down to $\mathcal{O}(10^{-1})G_{F}$.
- Neutrino Non-Standard Interactions: A Status Report
1907.00991 [abs] [pdf]
[abstract]
by P. S. Bhupal Dev, [and 25 more]K. S. Babu, Peter B. Denton, Pedro A. N. Machado, Carlos A. Argüelles, Joshua L. Barrow, Sabya Sachi Chatterjee, Mu-Chun Chen, André de Gouvêa, Bhaskar Dutta, Dorival Gonçalves, Tao Han, Matheus Hostert, Sudip Jana, Kevin J. Kelly, Shirley Weishi Li, Ivan Martinez-Soler, Poonam Mehta, Irina Mocioiu, Yuber F. Perez-Gonzalez, Jordi Salvado, Ian M. Shoemaker, Michele Tammaro, Anil Thapa, Jessica Turner, and Xun-Jie Xu [hide authors].
This report summarizes the present status of neutrino non-standard
interactions (NSI). After a brief overview, several aspects of NSIs are
discussed, including connection to neutrino mass models, model-building and
phenomenology of large NSI with both light and heavy mediators, NSI
phenomenology in both short- and long-baseline neutrino oscillation
experiments, neutrino cross-sections, complementarity of NSI with other low-
and high-energy experiments, fits with neutrino oscillation and scattering
data, DUNE sensitivity to NSI, effective field theory of NSI, as well as the
relevance of NSI to dark matter and cosmology. We also discuss the open
questions and interesting future directions that can be pursued by the
community at large. This report is based on talks and discussions during the
Neutrino Theory Network NSI workshop held at Washington University in St. Louis
from May 29-31, 2019 (https://indico.cern.ch/event/812851/)
- Quasi-Dirac neutrino oscillations at DUNE and JUNO
1907.00980 [abs] [pdf]
[abstract]
by G. Anamiati, [and 4 more]V. De Romeri, M. Hirsch, C. A. Ternes, and M. Tórtola [hide authors].
Quasi-Dirac neutrinos are obtained when the Lagrangian density of a neutrino
mass model contains both Dirac and Majorana mass terms, and the Majorana terms
are sufficiently small. This type of neutrinos introduces new mixing angles and
mass splittings into the Hamiltonian, which will modify the standard neutrino
oscillation probabilities. In this paper, we focus on the case where the new
mass splittings are too small to be measured, but new angles and phases are
present. We perform a sensitivity study for this scenario for the upcoming
experiments DUNE and JUNO, finding that they will improve current bounds on the
relevant parameters. Finally, we also explore the discovery potential of both
experiments, assuming that neutrinos are indeed quasi-Dirac particles.
- Hadronic light-by-light contribution to the muon anomalous magnetic
moment from lattice QCD
1907.00864 [abs] [pdf]
[abstract]
by Thomas Blum, [and 6 more]Norman Christ, Masashi Hayakawa, Taku Izubuchi, Luchang Jin, Chulwoo Jung, and Christoph Lehner [hide authors].
We report preliminary results for the hadronic light-by-light scattering
contribution to the muon anomalous magnetic moment. Several ensembles using 2+1
flavors of M\"obius domain-wall fermions, generated by the RBC/UKQCD
collaborations, are employed to take the continuum and infinite volume limits
of finite volume lattice QED+QCD. We find $a_\mu^{\rm HLbL} =
(7.41\pm6.33)\times 10^{-10}$
June 2019
- Borexino and General Neutrino Interactions
1906.12102 [abs] [pdf]
[abstract]
by Amir N. Khan, Werner Rodejohann, and Xun-Jie Xu.
We derive constraints on all possible general neutrino-electron interactions
(scalar, vector, pseudoscalar, axialvector and tensor) using the recent real
time Borexino event rate measurements of $pp$, $pep$ and $^{7}Be$ solar
neutrinos. The limits improve several previous ones from TEXONO and CHARM-II
for incoming electron and muon neutrinos, and are the first ones for the tau
flavor. Future improvements by next-generation solar neutrino experiments are
also studied. The limits extend the physics reach of solar neutrino
measurements to TeV-scale physics. Finally, the different properties of the new
interactions for Dirac and Majorana neutrinos are discussed.
- The gallium anomaly revisited
1906.10980 [abs] [pdf]
[abstract]
by Joel Kostensalo, [and 3 more]Jouni Suhonen, Carlo Giunti, and Praveen C. Srivastava [hide authors].
The gallium anomaly, i.e. the missing electron-neutrino flux from $^{37}$Ar
and $^{51}$Cr electron-capture decays as measured by the GALLEX and SAGE
solar-neutrino detectors, has been among us already for about two decades. We
present here a new estimate of the significance of this anomaly based on
cross-section calculations using nuclear shell-model wave functions obtained by
exploiting recently developed two-nucleon interactions. The gallium anomaly of
the GALLEX and SAGE experiments is found to be smaller than that obtained in
previous evaluations, decreasing the significance from 3.0$\sigma$ to
2.3$\sigma$. This result is compatible with the recent indication in favor of
short-baseline $\bar\nu_{e}$ disappearance due to small active-sterile neutrino
mixing obtained from the combined analysis of the data of the NEOS and DANSS
reactor experiments.
- Dark matter signals from timing spectra at neutrino experiments
1906.10745 [abs] [pdf]
[abstract]
by Bhaskar Dutta, [and 5 more]Doojin Kim, Shu Liao, Jong-Chul Park, Seodong Shin, and Louis E. Strigari [hide authors].
We propose a novel strategy to search for new physics in timing spectra,
envisioning the situation in which a new particle comes from the decay of its
heavier partner with a finite particle width. The timing distribution of events
induced by the dark matter particle scattering at the detector may populate in
a relatively narrow range, forming a "resonance-like" shape. Due to this
structural feature, the signal may be isolated from the backgrounds, in
particular when the backgrounds are uniformly distributed in energy and time.
For proof of the principle, we investigate the discovery potential for dark
matter from the decay of a dark photon in the COHERENT experiment, and show the
exciting prospects for exploring the associated parameter space with this
experiment. We analyze the existing CsI detector data with a timing cut and an
energy cut, and find, for the first time, an excess in the timing distribution
which can be explained by such dark matter. We compare the sensitivity to the
kinetic mixing parameter ($\epsilon$) for current and future COHERENT
experiments with the projected limits from LDMX and DUNE.
- Icecube/DeepCore tests for novel explanations of the MiniBooNE anomaly
1906.02106 [abs] [pdf]
[abstract]
by Pilar Coloma.
While the low-energy excess observed at MiniBooNE remains unchallenged, it
has become increasingly difficult to reconcile it with the results from other
sterile neutrino searches and cosmology. Recently, it has been shown that
non-minimal models with new particles in a hidden sector could provide a better
fit to the data. As their main ingredients they require a GeV-scale $Z'$,
kinetically mixed with the photon, and an unstable heavy neutrino with a mass
in the 150 MeV range that mixes with the light neutrinos. In this letter we
point out that atmospheric neutrino experiments (and, in particular,
IceCube/DeepCore) could probe a significant fraction of the parameter space of
such models by looking for an excess of "double-bang" events at low energies,
as proposed in our previous work (arXiv:1707.08573). Such a search would probe
exactly the same production and decay mechanisms required to explain the
anomaly.
May 2019
- Leptogenesis in the Neutrino Option
1905.12642 [abs] [pdf]
[abstract]
by I. Brivio, [and 4 more]K. Moffat, S. Pascoli, S. T. Petcov, and J. Turner [hide authors].
We examine the compatibility between the Neutrino Option, in which the
electroweak scale is generated by PeV mass type I seesaw Majorana neutrinos,
and leptogenesis. We find the Neutrino Option is consistent with resonant
leptogenesis. Working within the minimal seesaw scenario with two heavy
Majorana neutrinos $N_{1,2}$, which form a pseudo-Dirac pair, we explore the
viable parameter space. We find that the Neutrino Option and successful
leptogenesis are compatible in the cases of a neutrino mass spectrum with
normal (inverted) ordering for $1.2 \times 10^6 < M \text{ (GeV)} < 8.8 \times
10^6$ ($2.4 \times 10^6 < M \text{ (GeV)} < 7.4 \times 10^6$), with $M = (M_1 +
M_2)/2$ and $M_{1,2}$ the masses of $N_{1,2}$. Successful leptogenesis requires
that $\Delta M/M \equiv (M_2 - M_1)/M \sim 10^{-8}$. We further show that
leptogenesis can produce the baryon asymmetry of the Universe within the
Neutrino Option scenario when the requisite CP violation in leptogenesis is
provided exclusively by the Dirac or Majorana low energy CP violation phases of
the PMNS matrix.
- Black Hole Spin Signature in the Black Hole Shadow of M87 in the Flaring
State
1905.10717 [abs] [pdf]
[abstract]
by Tomohisa Kawashima, Motoki Kino, and Kazunori Akiyama.
Imaging the immediate vicinity of supermassive black holes (SMBH) and
extracting a BH-spin signature is one of the grand challenges in astrophysics.
M87 is known as one of the best targets for imaging the BH shadow and it can be
partially thick against synchrotron self-absorption (SSA), particularly in a
flaring state with high mass accretion rate. However, little is known about
influences of the SSA-thick region on BH shadow images. Here we investigate BH
shadow images of M87 at 230 GHz properly taking into account the SSA-thick
region. When the BH has a high spin value, the corresponding BH shadow image
shows the positional offset between the center of the photon ring and that of
the SSA-thick ring at the innermost stable circular orbit (ISCO) due to the
frame-dragging effect in the Kerr spacetime. As a result, we find that a
dark-crescent structure is generally produced between the photon ring and the
SSA-thick ISCO ring in the BH shadow image. The scale size of the dark-crescent
increase with BH spin: its width reaches up to $\sim 2$ gravitational radius
when the BH spin is 99.8% of its maximum value. The dark crescent is regarded
as a new signature of a highly spinning BH. This feature is expected to appear
in flaring states with relatively high mass accretion rate rather than the
quiescent states. We have simulated the image reconstruction of our theoretical
image by assuming the current and future Event Horizon Telescope (EHT) array,
and have found that the future EHT including space-very long baseline
interferometry in 2020s can detect the dark crescent.
- Relic neutrino detection through angular correlations in inverse
$β$-decay
1905.10207 [abs] [pdf]
[abstract]
by Evgeny Akhmedov.
Neutrino capture on beta-decaying nuclei is currently the only known
potentially viable method of detection of cosmic background neutrinos. It is
based on the idea of separation of the spectra of electrons or positrons
produced in captures of relic neutrinos on unstable nuclei from those from the
usual $\beta$-decay and requires very high energy resolution of the detector,
comparable to the neutrino mass. In this paper we suggest an alternative method
of discrimination between neutrino capture and $\beta$-decay, based on periodic
variations of angular correlations in inverse beta decay transitions induced by
relic neutrino capture. The time variations are expected to arise due to the
peculiar motion of the Sun with respect to the C$\nu$B rest frame and the
rotation of the Earth about its axis and can be observed in experiments with
both polarized and unpolarized nuclear targets. The main advantage of the
suggested method is that it does not depend crucially on the energy resolution
of detection of the produced $\beta$-particles and can be operative even if
this resolution exceeds the largest neutrino mass.
- Constraint on the solar $Δm^2$ using 4,000 days of short baseline
reactor neutrino data
1905.09479 [abs] [pdf]
[abstract]
by Alvaro Hernandez Cabezudo, Stephen J. Parke, and Seon-Hee Seo.
There is a well known 2$\sigma$ tension in the measurements of the solar
$\Delta m^2$ between KamLAND and SNO/Super-KamioKANDE. Precise determination of
the solar $\Delta m^2$ is especially important in connection with current and
future long baseline CP violation measurements. Reference \cite{Seo:2018rrb}
points out that currently running short baseline reactor neutrino experiments,
Daya Bay and RENO, can also constrain solar $\Delta m^2$ value as demonstrated
by a GLoBES simulation with a limited systematic uncertainty consideration. In
this work, the publicly available data, from Daya Bay (1,958 days) and RENO
(2,200 days) are used to constrain the solar $\Delta m^2$. Verification of our
method through $\Delta m^2_{ee}$ and $\sin^2 \theta_{13}$ measurements is
discussed in Appendix A. Using this verified method, reasonable constraints on
the solar $\Delta m^2$ are obtained using above Daya Bay and RENO data, both
individually and combined. We find that the combined data of Daya Bay and RENO
set an upper limit on the solar $\Delta m^2$ of 18 $\times 10^{-5}$ eV$^2$ at
the 95% C.L., including both systematic and statistical uncertainties. This
constraint is slightly more than twice the KamLAND value. As this combined
result is still statistics limited, even though driven by Daya Bay data, the
constraint will improve with the additional running of this experiment.
- On the Determination of Leptonic CP Violation and Neutrino Mass Ordering
in Presence of Non-Standard Interactions: Present Status
1905.05203 [abs] [pdf]
[abstract]
by Ivan Esteban, M. C. Gonzalez-Garcia, and Michele Maltoni.
We perform a global analysis of neutrino data in the framework of three
massive neutrinos with non-standard neutrino interactions which affect their
evolution in the matter background. We focus on the effect of NSI in the
present observables sensitive to leptonic CP violation and to the mass
ordering. We consider complex neutral current neutrino interactions with quarks
whose lepton-flavor structure is independent of the quark type. We quantify the
status of the "hints" for CP violation, the mass-ordering and non-maximality of
$\theta_{23}$ in these scenarios. We also present a parametrization-invariant
formalism for leptonic CP violation in presence of a generalized matter
potential induced by NSI.
- Constraints on Flavor-Diagonal Non-Standard Neutrino Interactions from
Borexino Phase-II
1905.03512 [abs] [pdf]
[abstract]
by S. K. Agarwalla, [and 105 more]M. Agostini, K. Altenmüller, S. Appel, V. Atroshchenko, Z. Bagdasarian, D. Basilico, G. Bellini, J. Benziger, D. Bick, G. Bonfini, D. Bravo, B. Caccianiga, F. Calaprice, A. Caminata, L. Cappelli, P. Cavalcante, F. Cavanna, A. Chepurnov, K. Choi, D. D'Angelo, S. Davini, A. Derbin, A. Di Giacinto, V. Di Marcello, X. F. Ding, A. Di Ludovico, L. Di Noto, I. Drachnev, K. Fomenko, A. Formozov, D. Franco, F. Gabriele, C. Galbiati, M. Gschwender, C. Ghiano, M. Giammarchi, A. Goretti, M. Gromov, D. Guffanti, C. Hagner, E. Hungerford, Aldo Ianni, Andrea Ianni, A. Jany, D. Jeschke, S. Kumaran, V. Kobychev, G. Korga, T. Lachenmaier, M. Laubenstein, E. Litvinovich, P. Lombardi, L. Ludhova, G. Lukyanchenko, L. Lukyanchenko, I. Machulin, G. Manuzio, S. Marcocci, J. Maricic, J. Martyn, E. Meroni, M. Meyer, L. Miramonti, M. Misiaszek, V. Muratova, B. Neumair, M. Nieslony, L. Oberauer, V. Orekhov, F. Ortica, M. Pallavicini, L. Papp, Ö. Penek, L. Pietrofaccia, N. Pilipenko, A. Pocar, G. Raikov, G. Ranucci, A. Razeto, A. Re, M. Redchuk, A. Romani, N. Rossi, S. Rottenanger, S. Schönert, D. Semenov, M. Skorokhvatov, O. Smirnov, A. Sotnikov, C. Sun, Y. Suvorov, T. Takeuchi, R. Tartaglia, G. Testera, J. Thurn, E. Unzhakov, A. Vishneva, R. B. Vogelaar, F. von Feilitzsch, M. Wojcik, M. Wurm, O. Zaimidoroga, S. Zavatarelli, K. Zuber, and G. Zuzel [hide authors].
The Borexino detector measures solar neutrino fluxes via neutrino-electron
elastic scattering. Observed spectra are determined by the solar-$\nu_{e}$
survival probability $P_{ee}(E)$, and the chiral couplings of the neutrino and
electron. Some theories of physics beyond the Standard Model postulate the
existence of Non-Standard Interactions (NSI's) which modify the chiral
couplings and $P_{ee}(E)$. In this paper, we search for such NSI's, in
particular, flavor-diagonal neutral current interactions that modify the $\nu_e
e$ and $\nu_\tau e$ couplings using Borexino Phase II data. Standard Solar
Model predictions of the solar neutrino fluxes for both high- and
low-metallicity assumptions are considered. No indication of new physics is
found at the level of sensitivity of the detector and constraints on the
parameters of the NSI's are placed. In addition, with the same dataset the
value of $\sin^2\theta_W$ is obtained with a precision comparable to that
achieved in reactor antineutrino experiments.
- Constraining Sterile Neutrino Cosmology with Terrestrial Oscillation
Experiments
1905.03254 [abs] [pdf]
[abstract]
by Jeffrey M. Berryman.
We explore the complementarity between terrestrial neutrino oscillation
experiments and astrophysical/cosmological measurements in probing the
existence of sterile neutrinos. We find that upcoming accelerator neutrino
experiments will not improve on constraints by the time they are operational,
but that reactor experiments can already probe parameter space beyond the reach
of Planck. We emphasize the tension between cosmological experiments and
reactor antineutrino experiments and enumerate several possibilities for
resolving this tension.
- Compact Perturbative Expressions for Oscillations with Sterile Neutrinos
in Matter
1905.01356 [abs] [pdf]
[abstract]
by Stephen J. Parke and Xining Zhang.
We extend a simple and compact method for calculating the three flavor
neutrino oscillation probabilities in uniform matter density to schemes with
sterile neutrinos, with favorable features inherited. The only constraint of
the extended method is that the scale of the matter potential is not
significantly larger than the atmospheric $\Delta m^2$, which is satisfied by
all the running and proposed accelerator oscillation experiments. Degeneracy of
the zeroth order eigensystem around solar and atmospheric resonances are
resolved. Corrections to the zeroth order results are restricted to no larger
than the ratio of the solar to the atmospheric $\Delta m^2$. The zeroth order
expressions are exact in vacuum because all the higher order corrections vanish
when the matter potential is set zero. Also because all the corrections are
continuous functions of matter potential, the zeroth order precision is much
better than $\Delta m^2_\odot/\Delta m^2_\text{atm}$ for weak matter effect.
Numerical tests are presented to verify the theoretical predictions of the
exceptional features. Moreover, possible applications of the method in
experiments to check the existence of sterile neutrinos are discussed.
- Distinguishing Dirac and Majorana neutrinos by their gravi-majoron
decays
1905.01264 [abs] [pdf]
[abstract]
by Lena Funcke, Georg Raffelt, and Edoardo Vitagliano.
Neutrinos may acquire small Dirac or Majorana masses by new low-energy
physics in terms of the chiral gravitational anomaly, as proposed by Dvali and
Funcke (2016). This model predicts fast neutrino decays, $\nu_i\to\nu_j+\phi$
and $\nu_i\to\bar{\nu}_j+\phi$, where the gravi-majorons $\phi$ are
pseudoscalar Nambu-Goldstone bosons. The final-state neutrino and antineutrino
distributions differ depending on the Dirac or Majorana mass of the initial
state. This opens a channel for distinguishing these cases, for example in the
spectrum of high-energy astrophysical neutrinos. In particular, we put bounds
on the neutrino lifetimes in the Majorana case, ${\tau_2}/{m_2}> 1.1\times
10^{-3}(6.7\times 10^{-4})~{\rm s/eV}$ and ${\tau_3}/{m_3}> 2.2\times
10^{-5}(1.3\times 10^{-4})~{\rm s/eV}$ at 90% CL for hierarchical (degenerate)
masses, using data from experiments searching for antineutrino appearance from
the Sun.
April 2019
- Neutrino Oscillations in a Quantum Processor
1904.10559 [abs] [pdf]
[abstract]
by C. A. Argüelles and B. J. P. Jones.
Quantum computing technologies promise to revolutionize calculations in many
areas of physics, chemistry, and data science. Their power is expected to be
especially pronounced for problems where direct analogs of a quantum system
under study can be encoded coherently within a quantum computer. A first step
toward harnessing this power is to express the building blocks of known
physical systems within the language of quantum gates and circuits. In this
paper, we present a quantum calculation of an archetypal quantum system:
neutrino oscillations. We define gate arrangements that implement the neutral
lepton mixing operation and neutrino time evolution in two-, three-, and
four-flavor systems. We then calculate oscillation probabilities by coherently
preparing quantum states within the processor, time evolving them unitarily,
and performing measurements in the flavor basis, with close analogy to the
physical processes realized in neutrino oscillation experiments, finding
excellent agreement with classical calculations. We provide recipes for
modeling oscillation in the standard three-flavor paradigm as well as
beyond-standard-model scenarios, including systems with sterile neutrinos,
non-standard interactions, Lorentz symmetry violation, and anomalous
decoherence.
- Testing unitarity of the $3\times 3$ neutrino mixing matrix in an atomic
system
1904.10366 [abs] [pdf]
[abstract]
by Guo-yuan Huang, [and 3 more]Noboru Sasao, Zhi-zhong Xing, and Motohiko Yoshimura [hide authors].
Unitarity of the $3\times 3$ lepton flavor mixing matrix $V$ is unavoidably
violated in a seesaw mechanism if its new heavy degrees of freedom are slightly
mixed with the active neutrino flavors. We propose to use the atomic transition
process ${\left| \rm e \right> \to\left|\rm g \right> + \gamma + \nu^{}_{i} +
\overline{\nu}^{}_{j}}$ (for $i, j = 1, 2, 3$), where $\left|\rm e \right>$ and
$\left|\rm g \right>$ stand respectively for the excited and ground levels of
an atomic system, to probe or constrain the unitarity-violating effects of $V$.
We find that the photon spectrum of this transition will be distorted by the
effects of $V V^\dagger \neq {\bf 1}$ and $V^\dagger V \neq {\bf 1}$ as
compared with the $V V^\dagger = V^\dagger V = {\bf 1}$ case. We locate certain
frequencies in the photon spectrum to minimize the degeneracy of effects of the
unitarity violation and uncertainties of the flavor mixing parameters
themselves. The requirements of a nominal experimental setup to test the
unitarity of $V$ are briefly discussed.
- Ultra Light Boson Dark Matter and Event Horizon Telescope Observations
of M87*
1904.09242 [abs] [pdf]
[abstract]
by Hooman Davoudiasl and Peter B. Denton.
The initial data from the Event Horizon Telescope (EHT) on M87$^*$, the
supermassive black hole at the center of the M87 galaxy, provide direct
observational information on its mass, spin, and accretion disk properties. A
combination of the EHT data and other constraints provide evidence that M87$^*$
has a mass $\sim 6.5 \times 10^9\,M_\odot$ and dimensionless spin parameter
$|a^*|\gtrsim 0.5$. These determinations disfavor ultra light bosons of mass
$\mu_b\sim 10^{-21}$ eV, within the range considered for fuzzy dark matter,
invoked to explain dark matter distribution on $\sim$ kpc scales. Future
observations of M87$^*$ could be expected to strengthen our conclusions.
- Dark Matter Strikes Back at the Galactic Center
1904.08430 [abs] [pdf]
[abstract]
by Rebecca K. Leane and Tracy R. Slatyer.
Statistical evidence has previously suggested that the Galactic Center GeV
Excess (GCE) originates largely from point sources, and not from annihilating
dark matter. We examine the impact of unmodeled source populations on
identifying the true origin of the GCE using non-Poissonian template fitting
(NPTF) methods. In a proof-of-principle example with simulated data, we
discover that unmodeled sources in the Fermi Bubbles can lead to a dark matter
signal being misattributed to point sources by the NPTF. We discover striking
behavior consistent with a mismodeling effect in the real Fermi data, finding
that large artificial injected dark matter signals are completely misattributed
to point sources. Consequently, we conclude that dark matter may provide a
dominant contribution to the GCE after all.
- Perturbing neutrino oscillations around the solar resonance
1904.07853 [abs] [pdf]
[abstract]
by Ivan Martinez-Soler and Hisakazu Minakata.
Atmospheric neutrinos at low energies, $E \lsim 500$ MeV, is known to be a
rich source of information of lepton mixing parameters. We formulate a simple
perturbative framework to elucidate the characteristic features of neutrino
oscillation at around the solar-scale enhancement due to the matter effect. The
clearest message we could extract from our perturbation theory is that CP
violation in the appearance oscillation probability is large, a factor of $\sim
10$ times larger than CP violation at around the atmospheric-scale oscillation
maximum. Underlying mechanism for it is that one of the suppression factors on
the CP phase dependent terms due to smallness of $\Delta m^2_{21} / \Delta
m^2_{31}$ are dynamically lifted by the solar-scale enhancement. Our framework
has a unique feature as a perturbation theory in which large $\Delta m^2_{31}$
term outside the key 1-2 sector for the solar-scale resonance does not yield
sizeable corrections. On the contrary, the larger the $\Delta m^2_{31}$, the
smaller the higher order corrections.
- Physics with Beam Tau-Neutrino Appearance at DUNE
1904.07265 [abs] [pdf]
[abstract]
by André de Gouvêa, [and 3 more]Kevin J. Kelly, G. V. Stenico, and Pedro Pasquini [hide authors].
We explore the capabilities of the upcoming Deep Underground Neutrino
Experiment (DUNE) to measure $\nu_\tau$ charged-current interactions and the
associated oscillation probability $P(\nu_\mu \to \nu_\tau)$ at its far
detector, concentrating on how such results can be used to probe neutrino
properties and interactions. DUNE has the potential to identify significantly
more $\nu_\tau$ events than all existing experiments and can use this data
sample to nontrivially test the three-massive-neutrinos paradigm by providing
complementary measurements to those from the $\nu_e$ appearance and $\nu_\mu$
disappearance channels. We further discuss the sensitivity of the $\nu_\tau$
appearance channel to several hypotheses for the physics that may lurk beyond
the three-massive-neutrinos paradigm: a non-unitary lepton mixing matrix, the
$3+1$ light neutrinos hypothesis, and the existence of non-standard
neutral-current neutrino interactions. Throughout, we also consider the
relative benefits of the proposed high-energy tune of the Long-Baseline
Neutrino Facility (LBNF) beam-line.
- Extragalactic neutrinos as tracers of Dark Matter?
1904.04355 [abs] [pdf]
[abstract]
by Ana V. Penacchioni and Osvaldo Civitarese.
Neutrinos produced in extragalactic sources may experience
flavor-oscillations and decoherence on their way to Earth due to their
interaction with dark matter (DM). As a result, they may be detected in
pointer-states other than the flavor states at the source. The oscillation
pattern and the structure of the pointer-states can give us information on the
characteristics of the DM and the kind of interaction that has taken place.
From this perspective, neutrinos can be viewed as DM-tracers. We study the
local evolution of neutrino flavor-eigenstates due to local effects produced by
the presence of DM. To explore the sensitivity of the model, we consider
different DM density profiles, masses and interactions. Starting from the
eigenstates of the neutrino-mass Hamiltonian, we construct the flavor-states
with the neutrino mixing-matrix in vacuum. We then include local interactions
with DM, acting along the neutrino path towards the Earth, and analyse the
resulting probabilities. In doing so, we adopt different DM density profiles,
e.g. a constant, a local isotropic and a Navarro-Frenk-White density
distribution. Finally, by following the time evolution of the flavor-states, we
identify pointer-states and interpret the results in terms of the adopted DM
model. Due to the interaction with DM, neutrinos experience the MSW effect, the
extent of which depends on the DM density profile. The interaction with DM
produces the enhancement or suppression of oscillations. Decoherence effects
may take place. We model the time evolution of extragalactic neutrino
flavor-states by letting them interact with DM. The features of the calculated
response seem to support the notion that these neutrinos can be taken as DM
tracers. From a theoretical point of view, the coexistence and/or competition
of decoherence and MSW effects is sustained by the results.
- Search for Heavy Neutrinos in $π\to μν$ Decay
1904.03269 [abs] [pdf]
[abstract]
by A. Aguilar-Arevalo, [and 23 more]M. Aoki, M. Blecher, D. I. Britton, D. vom Bruch, D. A. Bryman, S. Chen, J. Comfort, L. Doria, S. Cuen-Rochin, P. Gumplinger, A. Hussein, Y. Igarashi, S. Ito, S. H. Kettell, L. Kurchaninov, L. S. Littenberg, C. Malbrunot, R. E. Mischke, T. Numao, D. Protopopescu, A. Sher, T. Sullivan, and D. Vavilov [hide authors].
Heavy neutrinos were sought in pion decays $\pi^+ \rightarrow \mu^+ \nu$ by
examining the observed muon energy spectrum for extra peaks in addition to the
expected peak for a massless neutrino. No evidence for heavy neutrinos was
observed. Upper limits were set on the neutrino mixing matrix $|U_{\mu i}|^2$
in the neutrino mass region of 15.7--33.8 MeV/c$^2$, improving on previous
results by an order of magnitude.
- Sub-GeV Atmospheric Neutrinos and CP-Violation in DUNE
1904.02751 [abs] [pdf]
[abstract]
by Kevin J. Kelly, [and 4 more]Pedro A. N. Machado, Ivan Martinez-Soler, Stephen J. Parke, and Yuber F. Perez-Gonzalez [hide authors].
We propose to use the unique event topology and reconstruction capabilities
of liquid argon time projection chambers to study sub-GeV atmospheric
neutrinos. The detection of low energy recoiled protons in DUNE allows for a
determination of the leptonic $CP$-violating phase independent from the
accelerator neutrino measurement. Our findings indicate that this analysis can
exclude several values of $\delta_{CP}$ beyond the $3\sigma$ level. Moreover,
the determination of the sub-GeV atmospheric neutrino flux will have important
consequences in the detection of diffuse supernova neutrinos and in dark matter
experiments.
- Apparent CPT Violation in Neutrino Oscillation from Dark Non-Standard
Interactions
1904.02518 [abs] [pdf]
[abstract]
by Shao-Feng Ge and Hitoshi Murayama.
A natural realization of CPT violation in neutrino oscillation can arise due
to the coupling to a light scalar or vector dark matter (DM). The dark
non-standard interaction (NSI) is associated with the $\gamma_0$ matrix in
neutrino's effective propagator and hence corrects the neutrino Hamiltonian as
dark matter potential, in the same way as the ordinary matter effect. The
effect is, however, inversely proportional to the neutrino energy and hence
appears as a correction to the neutrino mass squared. Due to a sign difference
in the corrections for neutrino and anti-neutrino modes, the neutrino
oscillation receives CPT violation from the dark NSI. Seeing difference in the
neutrino and anti-neutrino mass squared differences not necessarily leads to
the conclusion of CPT symmetry breaking in the fundamental Lagrangian but can
indicate light DM and its coupling with neutrinos.
- Reconstructing the EFT of Inflation from Cosmological Data
1904.00991 [abs] [pdf]
[abstract]
by Amel Durakovic, [and 3 more]Paul Hunt, Subodh P. Patil, and Subir Sarkar [hide authors].
Reconstructions of the primordial power spectrum (PPS) of curvature
perturbations from cosmic microwave background anisotropies and large-scale
structure data suggest that the usually assumed power-law PPS has localised
features (up to $\sim 10\%$ in amplitude), although of only marginal
significance in the framework of $\Lambda$CDM cosmology. On the other hand if
the underlying cosmology is assumed to be Einstein-de Sitter, larger features
in the PPS (up to $\sim 20\%$) are required to accurately fit the observed
acoustic peaks. Within the context of single clock inflation, we show that any
given reconstruction of the PPS can be mapped on to functional parameters of
the underlying effective theory of the adiabatic mode within a 2nd-order
formalism, provided the best fit fractional change of the PPS,
$\Delta\mathcal{P}_\mathcal{R}/\mathcal{P}_\mathcal{R}$ is such that
$(\Delta\mathcal{P}_\mathcal{R}/\mathcal{P}_\mathcal{R})^3$ falls within the
$1\,\sigma$ confidence interval of the reconstruction for features induced by
variations of either the sound speed $c_\mathrm{s}$ or the slow-roll parameter
$\epsilon$. Although there is a degeneracy amongst these functional parameters
(and the models that project onto them), we can identify simple representative
inflationary models that yield such features in the PPS. Thus we provide a
dictionary (more accurately, a thesaurus) to go from observational data, via
the reconstructed PPS, to models that reproduce them to per cent level
precision.
March 2019
- Cosmic-ray propagation around the Sun: investigating the influence of
the solar magnetic field on the cosmic-ray Sun shadow
1903.12638 [abs] [pdf]
[abstract]
by Julia Becker Tjus, [and 6 more]Paolo Desiati, Niklas Döpper, Horst Fichtner, Jens Kleimann, Mike Kroll, and Frederik Tenholt [hide authors].
The cosmic-ray Sun shadow, which is caused by high-energy charged cosmic rays
being blocked and deflected by the Sun and its magnetic field, has been
observed by various experiments, such as Argo-YBJ, HAWC, Tibet, and IceCube.
Most notably, the shadow's size and depth was recently shown to correlate with
the 11-year solar cycle. The interpretation of such measurements, which help to
bridge the gap between solar physics and high-energy particle astrophysics,
requires a solid theoretical understanding of cosmic-ray propagation in the
coronal magnetic field. It is the aim of this paper to establish theoretical
predictions for the cosmic-ray Sun shadow in order to identify observables that
can be used to study this link in more detail. To determine the cosmic-ray Sun
shadow, we numerically compute trajectories of charged cosmic rays in the
energy range of 5-316 TeV for five different mass numbers. We present and
analyze the resulting shadow images for protons and iron, as well as for
typically measured cosmic-ray compositions. We confirm the observationally
established correlation between the magnitude of the shadowing effect and both
the mean sunspot number and the polarity of the magnetic field during the solar
cycle. We also show that during low solar activity, the Sun's shadow behaves
similarly to that of a dipole, for which we find a non-monotonous dependence on
energy. In particular, the shadow can become significantly more pronounced than
the geometrical disk expected for a totally unmagnetized Sun. For times of high
solar activity, we instead predict the shadow to depend monotonously on energy,
and to be generally weaker than the geometrical shadow for all tested energies.
These effects should become visible in energy-resolved measurements of the Sun
shadow, and may in the future become an independent measure for the level of
disorder in the solar magnetic field.